Entry
Name
cGMP-PKG signaling pathway - Orcinus orca (killer whale)
Description
Cyclic GMP (cGMP) is the intracellular second messenger that mediates the action of nitric oxide (NO) and natriuretic peptides (NPs), regulating a broad array of physiologic processes. The elevated intracellular cGMP level exerts its physiological action through two forms of cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG), cGMP-regulated phosphodiesterases (PDE2, PDE3) and cGMP-gated cation channels, among which PKGs might be the primary mediator. PKG1 isoform-specific activation of established substrates leads to reduction of cytosolic calcium concentration and/or decrease in the sensitivity of myofilaments to Ca2+ (Ca2+-desensitization), resulting in smooth muscle relaxation. In cardiac myocyte, PKG directly phosphorylates a member of the transient potential receptor canonical channel family, TRPC6, suppressing this nonselective ion channel's Ca2+ conductance, G-alpha-q agonist-induced NFAT activation, and myocyte hypertrophic responses. PKG also opens mitochondrial ATP-sensitive K+ (mitoKATP) channels and subsequent release of ROS triggers cardioprotection.
Class
Environmental Information Processing; Signal transduction
BRITE hierarchy
Pathway map
Ortholog table
Other DBs
Organism
Orcinus orca (killer whale) [GN:
oor ]
Gene
101279781 guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(q) subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04634 ]
101269696 GNA11; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit alpha-11 [KO:K04635 ]
101281075 GNA12; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit alpha-12 [KO:K04346 ]
101277931 GNA13; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit alpha-13 [KO:K04639 ]
101274391 TRPC6; short transient receptor potential channel 6 isoform X1 [KO:K04969 ]
101271019 PPP3CC; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2B catalytic subunit gamma isoform isoform X7 [KO:K04348 ] [EC:3.1.3.16 ]
101286888 PPP3CB; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2B catalytic subunit beta isoform isoform X7 [KO:K04348 ] [EC:3.1.3.16 ]
105748080 PPP3R2; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: calcineurin subunit B type 2 [KO:K06268 ]
101280397 MEF2A; myocyte-specific enhancer factor 2A isoform X4 [KO:K09260 ]
101273160 MEF2C; myocyte-specific enhancer factor 2C isoform X1 [KO:K04454 ]
101278779 MEF2D; myocyte-specific enhancer factor 2D isoform X1 [KO:K09262 ]
101283533 NFATC1; nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 1 isoform X2 [KO:K04446 ]
101289855 NFATC2; nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 2 isoform X1 [KO:K17332 ]
101285271 NFATC3; nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 3 isoform X1 [KO:K17333 ]
101289117 NFATC4; nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 4 isoform X1 [KO:K17334 ]
101272740 CACNA1C; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1C isoform X7 [KO:K04850 ]
101276749 CACNA1D; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1D isoform X1 [KO:K04851 ]
101281199 CACNA1F; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1F isoform X11 [KO:K04853 ]
101275416 CACNA1S; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1S isoform X1 [KO:K04857 ]
101271854 KCNMA1; calcium-activated potassium channel subunit alpha-1 isoform X2 [KO:K04936 ]
101275005 KCNMB1; calcium-activated potassium channel subunit beta-1 [KO:K04937 ]
101278969 KCNMB2; calcium-activated potassium channel subunit beta-2 [KO:K04938 ]
101289353 KCNMB4; calcium-activated potassium channel subunit beta-4 [KO:K04941 ]
101288540 ATP1A4; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-4 [KO:K01539 ] [EC:7.2.2.13 ]
101286190 ATP1B1; sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-1 [KO:K01540 ]
101286264 ATP1B2; sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-2 [KO:K01540 ]
101277459 ATP1B3; sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-3 [KO:K01540 ]
101274558 PLCB3; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-3 isoform X1 [KO:K05858 ] [EC:3.1.4.11 ]
101270548 PLCB1; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-1 isoform X1 [KO:K05858 ] [EC:3.1.4.11 ]
101270961 PLCB4; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-4 isoform X1 [KO:K05858 ] [EC:3.1.4.11 ]
101281417 PLCB2; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-2 isoform X9 [KO:K05858 ] [EC:3.1.4.11 ]
101282737 ITPR1; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1 isoform X2 [KO:K04958 ]
101281155 ITPR2; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 2 isoform X1 [KO:K04959 ]
101280894 ITPR3; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 3 isoform X1 [KO:K04960 ]
101278262 IRAG1; inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate receptor associated 1 isoform X2 [KO:K12337 ]
101279306 PPP1R12A; protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 12A isoform X5 [KO:K06270 ]
105748632 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: myosin light chain 1, skeletal muscle isoform-like [KO:K02183 ]
101276500 GNAI2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-2 [KO:K04630 ]
101277471 GNAI3; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-3 [KO:K04630 ]
101271719 GNAI1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-1 [KO:K04630 ]
101281782 PIK3CG; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit gamma isoform isoform X1 [KO:K21289 ] [EC:2.7.1.153 ]
101275916 PIK3R6; phosphoinositide 3-kinase regulatory subunit 6 isoform X1 [KO:K21290 ]
101275667 PIK3R5; phosphoinositide 3-kinase regulatory subunit 5 isoform X1 [KO:K21290 ]
101283051 ADRB3; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: beta-3 adrenergic receptor [KO:K04143 ]
101286882 KCNJ8; ATP-sensitive inward rectifier potassium channel 8 [KO:K05001 ]
101289999 VDAC1; voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K05862 ]
101276520 VDAC2; voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 2 isoform X3 [KO:K15040 ]
101286422 VDAC3; voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K15041 ]
101287685 CREB1; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 1 isoform X2 [KO:K05870 ]
101276923 ATF2; cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-2 isoform X2 [KO:K04450 ]
101283438 ATF4; cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-4 [KO:K04374 ]
101283835 CREB3L2; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 2 [KO:K09048 ]
101286338 CREB3L4; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 4 isoform X3 [KO:K09048 ]
101272184 CREB3; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K09048 ]
101284966 CREB3L1; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 1 [KO:K09048 ]
101287411 CREB3L3; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 3 isoform X2 [KO:K09048 ]
101289047 CREB5; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 5 isoform X4 [KO:K09047 ]
101273605 ATF6B; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-6 beta [KO:K09049 ]
101285857 VASP; vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein isoform X1 [KO:K06274 ]
Compound
C01245 D-myo-Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate
Reference
Authors
Francis SH, Busch JL, Corbin JD, Sibley D
Title
cGMP-dependent protein kinases and cGMP phosphodiesterases in nitric oxide and cGMP action.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Feil R, Kemp-Harper B
Title
cGMP signalling: from bench to bedside. Conference on cGMP generators, effectors and therapeutic implications.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Takimoto E
Title
Cyclic GMP-dependent signaling in cardiac myocytes.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Hofmann F, Feil R, Kleppisch T, Schlossmann J
Title
Function of cGMP-dependent protein kinases as revealed by gene deletion.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Kuebler WM
Title
The Janus-faced regulation of endothelial permeability by cyclic GMP.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Schlossmann J, Desch M
Title
IRAG and novel PKG targeting in the cardiovascular system.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Murthy KS
Title
Signaling for contraction and relaxation in smooth muscle of the gut.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Sanders KM, Koh SD, Ro S, Ward SM
Title
Regulation of gastrointestinal motility--insights from smooth muscle biology.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Gao Y
Title
The multiple actions of NO.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Wang X, Robinson PJ
Title
Cyclic GMP-dependent protein kinase and cellular signaling in the nervous system.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Tsai EJ, Kass DA
Title
Cyclic GMP signaling in cardiovascular pathophysiology and therapeutics.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Villanueva C, Giulivi C
Title
Subcellular and cellular locations of nitric oxide synthase isoforms as determinants of health and disease.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Schlossmann J, Hofmann F
Title
cGMP-dependent protein kinases in drug discovery.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Kass DA, Champion HC, Beavo JA
Title
Phosphodiesterase type 5: expanding roles in cardiovascular regulation.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Uckert S, Hedlund P, Andersson KE, Truss MC, Jonas U, Stief CG
Title
Update on phosphodiesterase (PDE) isoenzymes as pharmacologic targets in urology: present and future.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Yan C, Kim D, Aizawa T, Berk BC
Title
Functional interplay between angiotensin II and nitric oxide: cyclic GMP as a key mediator.
Journal
Reference
Authors
McKinsey TA, Kass DA
Title
Small-molecule therapies for cardiac hypertrophy: moving beneath the cell surface.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Koitabashi N, Aiba T, Hesketh GG, Rowell J, Zhang M, Takimoto E, Tomaselli GF, Kass DA
Title
Cyclic GMP/PKG-dependent inhibition of TRPC6 channel activity and expression negatively regulates cardiomyocyte NFAT activation Novel mechanism of cardiac stress modulation by PDE5 inhibition.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Costa AD, Pierre SV, Cohen MV, Downey JM, Garlid KD
Title
cGMP signalling in pre- and post-conditioning: the role of mitochondria.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Boengler K, Schulz R, Heusch G
Title
Loss of cardioprotection with ageing.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Gao Y, Portugal AD, Liu J, Negash S, Zhou W, Tian J, Xiang R, Longo LD, Raj JU
Title
Preservation of cGMP-induced relaxation of pulmonary veins of fetal lambs exposed to chronic high altitude hypoxia: role of PKG and Rho kinase.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Li Z, Xi X, Du X
Title
A mitogen-activated protein kinase-dependent signaling pathway in the activation of platelet integrin alpha IIbbeta3.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Xie J, Cha SK, An SW, Kuro-O M, Birnbaumer L, Huang CL
Title
Cardioprotection by Klotho through downregulation of TRPC6 channels in the mouse heart.
Journal
Related pathway
oor04270 Vascular smooth muscle contraction
KO pathway
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