KEGG   PATHWAY: uar05012
Entry
uar05012                    Pathway                                
Name
Parkinson disease - Ursus americanus (American black bear)
Description
Parkinson disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative movement disorder that results primarily from the death of dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc). Both environmental factors and mutations in familial PD-linked genes such as SNCA, Parkin, DJ-1, PINK1 and LRRK2 are associated with PD pathogenesis. These pathogenic mutations and environmental factors are known to cause disease due to oxidative stress, intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis impairment, mitochondrial dysfunctions and altered protein handling compromising key roles of DA neuronal function and survival. The demise of DA neurons located in the SNc leads to a drop in the dopaminergic input to the striatum, which is hypothesized to impede movement by inducing hypo and hyper activity in striatal spiny projection neurons (SPNs) of the direct (dSPNs) and indirect (iSPNs) pathways in the basal ganglia, respectively.
Class
Human Diseases; Neurodegenerative disease
Pathway map
uar05012  Parkinson disease
uar05012

Organism
Ursus americanus (American black bear) [GN:uar]
Gene
123795611  ADORA2A; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: adenosine receptor A2a [KO:K04266]
123803557  GNAL; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(olf) subunit alpha [KO:K04633]
123803297  neuroendocrine secretory protein 55 [KO:K04632]
123803290  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(s) subunit alpha isoforms XLas-like [KO:K04632]
123792366  DRD2; D(2) dopamine receptor [KO:K04145]
123795104  GNAI3; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-3 [KO:K04630]
123789354  GNAI1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-1 [KO:K04630]
123798684  GNAI2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-2 [KO:K04630]
123802178  ADCY5; adenylate cyclase type 5 [KO:K08045] [EC:4.6.1.1]
123801768  PRKACA; cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
123795272  PRKACB; cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform X1 [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
123796326  DRD1; D(1A) dopamine receptor [KO:K04144]
123787624  UBA1; ubiquitin-like modifier-activating enzyme 1 [KO:K03178] [EC:6.2.1.45]
123776189  ubiquitin-like modifier-activating enzyme 1 isoform X1 [KO:K03178] [EC:6.2.1.45]
123798673  UBA7; ubiquitin-like modifier-activating enzyme 7 [KO:K10698] [EC:6.2.1.45]
123779925  UBA52; ubiquitin-60S ribosomal protein L40 [KO:K02927]
123795660  ubiquitin-60S ribosomal protein L40 [KO:K02927]
123785937  RPS27A; ubiquitin-40S ribosomal protein S27a [KO:K02977]
123779762  UBB; polyubiquitin-B [KO:K04551]
123798227  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: polyubiquitin-like [KO:K04551]
123780227  UBC; polyubiquitin-C [KO:K08770]
123801889  ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 L3-like [KO:K04552] [EC:2.3.2.23]
123795643  UBE2L3; ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 L3 [KO:K04552] [EC:2.3.2.23]
123785059  UBE2L6; ubiquitin/ISG15-conjugating enzyme E2 L6 isoform X1 [KO:K04553] [EC:2.3.2.23]
123796092  UBE2J2; ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 J2 [KO:K04554] [EC:2.3.2.23]
123798561  UBE2J1; ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 J1 [KO:K10578] [EC:2.3.2.23]
123778779  UBE2G2; ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 G2 isoform X1 [KO:K04555] [EC:2.3.2.23]
123797118  UBE2G1; ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 G1 isoform X1 [KO:K10575] [EC:2.3.2.23]
123797535  PRKN; E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase parkin isoform X1 [KO:K04556] [EC:2.3.2.31]
123789271  SNCA; alpha-synuclein [KO:K04528]
123789002  GPR37; prosaposin receptor GPR37 [KO:K04243]
123803588  SEPTIN5; septin-5 isoform X1 [KO:K04557]
123790421  synphilin-1 isoform X1 [KO:K04558]
123793908  PSMA6; proteasome subunit alpha type-6 [KO:K02730] [EC:3.4.25.1]
123789444  PSMA2; proteasome subunit alpha type-2 [KO:K02726] [EC:3.4.25.1]
123796868  PSMA4; proteasome subunit alpha type-4 isoform X1 [KO:K02728] [EC:3.4.25.1]
123782020  PSMA8; proteasome subunit alpha-type 8 [KO:K02731] [EC:3.4.25.1]
123790734  PSMA7; proteasome subunit alpha type-7 [KO:K02731] [EC:3.4.25.1]
123795114  PSMA5; proteasome subunit alpha type-5 [KO:K02729] [EC:3.4.25.1]
123795595  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: proteasome subunit alpha type-1-like [KO:K02725] [EC:3.4.25.1]
123791664  PSMA1; proteasome subunit alpha type-1 [KO:K02725] [EC:3.4.25.1]
123800569  PSMA3; proteasome subunit alpha type-3 [KO:K02727] [EC:3.4.25.1]
123792196  PSMB6; proteasome subunit beta type-6 [KO:K02738] [EC:3.4.25.1]
123787983  PSMB7; proteasome subunit beta type-7 [KO:K02739] [EC:3.4.25.1]
123786545  PSMB3; proteasome subunit beta type-3 [KO:K02735] [EC:3.4.25.1]
123798576  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: proteasome subunit beta type-3-like [KO:K02735] [EC:3.4.25.1]
123782246  PSMB2; proteasome subunit beta type-2 isoform X1 [KO:K02734] [EC:3.4.25.1]
123795788  PSMB5; proteasome subunit beta type-5 [KO:K02737] [EC:3.4.25.1]
123778883  proteasome subunit beta type-1-like [KO:K02732] [EC:3.4.25.1]
123775436  PSMB1; proteasome subunit beta type-1 [KO:K02732] [EC:3.4.25.1]
123787709  PSMB4; proteasome subunit beta type-4 [KO:K02736] [EC:3.4.25.1]
123789377  PSMC2; 26S proteasome regulatory subunit 7 [KO:K03061]
123798900  PSMC1; 26S proteasome regulatory subunit 4 [KO:K03062]
123784136  PSMC4; 26S proteasome regulatory subunit 6B [KO:K03063]
123800643  PSMC6; 26S proteasome regulatory subunit 10B [KO:K03064]
123785025  PSMC3; 26S proteasome regulatory subunit 6A isoform X1 [KO:K03065]
123803021  PSMC5; 26S proteasome regulatory subunit 8 isoform X1 [KO:K03066]
123778954  PSMD2; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 2 [KO:K03028]
123790079  PSMD1; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 1 isoform X1 [KO:K03032]
123781828  PSMD3; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 3 [KO:K03033]
123779456  PSMD9; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 9 [KO:K06693]
123802989  PSMD12; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 12 [KO:K03035]
123776907  PSMD11; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 11 [KO:K03036]
123797383  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 6-like [KO:K03037]
123798817  PSMD6; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 6 isoform X1 [KO:K03037]
123796376  PSMD7; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 7 [KO:K03038]
123775544  PSMD13; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 13 isoform X1 [KO:K03039]
123787716  PSMD4; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 4 isoform X1 [KO:K03029]
123781367  PSMD14; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 14 [KO:K03030]
123784613  PSMD8; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 8 [KO:K03031]
123789256  SEM1; 26S proteasome complex subunit SEM1 [KO:K10881]
123796487  26S proteasome complex subunit SEM1-like [KO:K10881]
123804046  UCHL1; ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase isozyme L1 [KO:K05611] [EC:3.4.19.12]
123785908  CALM2; calmodulin-2 [KO:K02183]
123800842  CALML4; calmodulin-like protein 4 isoform X1 [KO:K02183]
123802291  calmodulin-like [KO:K02183]
123802321  CALML3; calmodulin-like protein 3 [KO:K02183]
123796079  CALML6; calmodulin-like protein 6 [KO:K02183]
123798898  CALM1; calmodulin-1 [KO:K02183]
123778741  CALM3; calmodulin-3 [KO:K02183]
123793341  CAMK2D; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit delta isoform X1 [KO:K04515] [EC:2.7.11.17]
123803651  CAMK2A; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04515] [EC:2.7.11.17]
123789460  CAMK2B; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit beta isoform X1 [KO:K04515] [EC:2.7.11.17]
123782837  CAMK2G; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit gamma isoform X1 [KO:K04515] [EC:2.7.11.17]
123803222  MAPT; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: microtubule-associated protein tau [KO:K04380]
123803932  RYR3; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: ryanodine receptor 3 [KO:K04963]
123799165  ITPR1; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04958]
123801684  ITPR2; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 2 [KO:K04959]
123790908  ITPR3; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 3 [KO:K04960]
123796994  PLCG1; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase gamma-1 isoform X1 [KO:K01116] [EC:3.1.4.11]
123787974  HSPA5; endoplasmic reticulum chaperone BiP [KO:K09490] [EC:3.6.4.10]
123783524  ATF6; cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-6 alpha [KO:K09054]
123787214  DDIT3; DNA damage-inducible transcript 3 protein [KO:K04452]
123802936  ERN1; serine/threonine-protein kinase/endoribonuclease IRE1 [KO:K08852] [EC:2.7.11.1 3.1.26.-]
123788139  XBP1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: X-box-binding protein 1 [KO:K09027]
123799721  EIF2AK3; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2-alpha kinase 3 [KO:K08860] [EC:2.7.11.1]
123800625  EIF2S1; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit 1 [KO:K03237]
123780649  ATF4; cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-4 [KO:K04374]
123775491  TH; tyrosine 3-monooxygenase isoform X1 [KO:K00501] [EC:1.14.16.2]
123786636  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: amine oxidase [flavin-containing] B-like [KO:K00274] [EC:1.4.3.4]
123786638  amine oxidase [flavin-containing] A [KO:K00274] [EC:1.4.3.4]
123799122  SLC6A3; sodium-dependent dopamine transporter [KO:K05036]
123795992  SLC18A2; synaptic vesicular amine transporter [KO:K08155]
123789908  SLC18A1; chromaffin granule amine transporter isoform X1 [KO:K08155]
123794746  SLC11A2; natural resistance-associated macrophage protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K21398]
123793982  SLC39A3; zinc transporter ZIP3 [KO:K14709]
123783639  SLC39A1; zinc transporter ZIP1 [KO:K14709]
123783889  SLC39A2; zinc transporter ZIP2 isoform X1 [KO:K14709]
123779355  SLC39A4; zinc transporter ZIP4 [KO:K14710]
123787254  SLC39A5; zinc transporter ZIP5 [KO:K14711]
123779591  SLC39A6; zinc transporter ZIP6 [KO:K14712]
123790934  SLC39A7; zinc transporter SLC39A7 isoform X1 [KO:K14713]
123788892  SLC39A8; metal cation symporter ZIP8 [KO:K14714]
123799042  SLC39A9; zinc transporter ZIP9 [KO:K14715]
123798155  SLC39A10; zinc transporter ZIP10 [KO:K14716]
123802985  SLC39A11; zinc transporter ZIP11 isoform X1 [KO:K14717]
123786243  SLC39A12; zinc transporter ZIP12 isoform X1 [KO:K14718]
123785024  SLC39A13; zinc transporter ZIP13 isoform X1 [KO:K14719]
123777378  SLC39A14; metal cation symporter ZIP14 isoform X1 [KO:K14720]
804833  ND1; NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1 [KO:K03878] [EC:7.1.1.2]
804834  ND2; NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2 [KO:K03879] [EC:7.1.1.2]
804845  ND3; NADH dehydrogenase subunit 3 [KO:K03880] [EC:7.1.1.2]
804839  ND4; NADH dehydrogenase subunit 4 [KO:K03881] [EC:7.1.1.2]
804842  ND4L; NADH dehydrogenase subunit 4L [KO:K03882] [EC:7.1.1.2]
804837  ND5; NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5 [KO:K03883] [EC:7.1.1.2]
804843  ND6; NADH dehydrogenase subunit 6 [KO:K03884] [EC:7.1.1.2]
123778416  NDUFV1; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein 1, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K03942] [EC:7.1.1.2]
123789911  NDUFV2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein 2, mitochondrial [KO:K03943] [EC:7.1.1.2]
123777477  NDUFV3; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein 3, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K03944]
123799762  NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 1-like [KO:K03945]
123785620  NDUFA1; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 1 [KO:K03945]
123794646  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 1-like [KO:K03945]
123787661  NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 1-like [KO:K03945]
123795955  NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 1-like [KO:K03945]
123798818  NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 1-like [KO:K03945]
123790272  NDUFA2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 2 [KO:K03946]
123793221  NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 3-like [KO:K03947]
123786983  NDUFA3; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 3 [KO:K03947]
123786465  cytochrome c oxidase subunit NDUFA4-like [KO:K03948]
123787225  NDUFA4L2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 4-like 2 [KO:K03948]
123780485  cytochrome c oxidase subunit NDUFA4-like [KO:K03948]
123789236  NDUFA4; cytochrome c oxidase subunit NDUFA4 [KO:K03948]
123789009  NDUFA5; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 5 isoform X1 [KO:K03949]
123780547  NDUFA6; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 6 [KO:K03950]
123777567  NDUFA7; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 7 [KO:K03951]
123788004  NDUFA8; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 8 [KO:K03952]
123781567  NDUFA9; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 9, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K03953]
123790007  NDUFA10; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 10, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K03954]
123778825  NDUFAB1; acyl carrier protein, mitochondrial [KO:K03955]
123779018  NDUFA11; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 11 [KO:K03956]
123780731  NDUFA12; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 12 [KO:K11352]
123803761  NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 12-like [KO:K11352]
123779949  NDUFA13; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 13 [KO:K11353]
123798882  NDUFB1; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 1 [KO:K03957]
123778638  NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 1-like [KO:K03957]
123788874  NDUFB2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 2, mitochondrial [KO:K03958]
123798195  NDUFB3; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 3 [KO:K03959]
123784016  NDUFB4; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 4 [KO:K03960]
123786415  NDUFB5; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 5, mitochondrial [KO:K03961]
123781024  NDUFB6; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 6 isoform X1 [KO:K03962]
123801757  NDUFB7; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 7 [KO:K03963]
123795870  NDUFB8; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 8, mitochondrial [KO:K03964]
123797719  NDUFB9; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 9 [KO:K03965]
123783789  NDUFB10; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 10 [KO:K03966]
123787627  NDUFB11; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 11, mitochondrial [KO:K11351]
123798236  NDUFS1; NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase 75 kDa subunit, mitochondrial [KO:K03934] [EC:7.1.1.2]
123783503  NDUFS2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 2, mitochondrial [KO:K03935] [EC:7.1.1.2]
123785035  NDUFS3; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 3, mitochondrial [KO:K03936] [EC:7.1.1.2]
123803707  NDUFS4; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 4, mitochondrial [KO:K03937]
123776125  NDUFS5; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 5 [KO:K03938]
123799093  NDUFS6; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 6, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K03939]
123794024  NDUFS7; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 7, mitochondrial [KO:K03940] [EC:7.1.1.2]
123778395  NDUFS8; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 8, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K03941] [EC:7.1.1.2]
123793273  NDUFC1; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 subunit C1, mitochondrial [KO:K03967]
123804239  NDUFC2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 subunit C2 [KO:K03968]
123799114  SDHA; succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein subunit, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K00234] [EC:1.3.5.1]
123796770  SDHB; succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur subunit, mitochondrial [KO:K00235] [EC:1.3.5.1]
123783229  SDHC; succinate dehydrogenase cytochrome b560 subunit, mitochondrial [KO:K00236]
123776651  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit Rieske, mitochondrial [KO:K00411] [EC:7.1.1.8]
804840  CYTB; cytochrome b [KO:K00412]
123779343  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: cytochrome c1, heme protein, mitochondrial [KO:K00413]
123779962  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 1, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K00414]
123778813  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 2, mitochondrial [KO:K00415]
123793744  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 6, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K00416]
123797864  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 7 [KO:K00417]
123790360  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 8 [KO:K00418]
123788258  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 9 [KO:K00419]
123794011  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 10 [KO:K00420]
804841  COX3; cytochrome c oxidase subunit III [KO:K02262]
804835  COX1; cytochrome c oxidase subunit I [KO:K02256] [EC:7.1.1.9]
804844  COX2; cytochrome c oxidase subunit II [KO:K02261]
123798702  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 4 isoform 2, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K02263]
123776617  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 4 isoform 1, mitochondrial [KO:K02263]
123790674  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 5A, mitochondrial [KO:K02264]
123784571  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 5B, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02265]
123776038  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 5B, mitochondrial [KO:K02265]
123802677  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6A1, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02266]
123788280  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6A1, mitochondrial [KO:K02266]
123784685  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6A2, mitochondrial [KO:K02266]
123793890  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6B1 [KO:K02267]
123787036  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6B2 [KO:K02267]
123798599  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6B1-like [KO:K02267]
123799794  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7A-related protein, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K02270]
123796368  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7A2, mitochondrial [KO:K02270]
123797362  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7A1, mitochondrial [KO:K02270]
123794870  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7B, mitochondrial [KO:K02271]
123803988  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7B2, mitochondrial [KO:K02271]
123799314  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7B, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02271]
123789241  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7C, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02272]
123791502  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7C, mitochondrial [KO:K02272]
123803966  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 8C, mitochondrial [KO:K02273]
123778503  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 8A, mitochondrial [KO:K02273]
123787354  ATP5F1A; ATP synthase subunit alpha, mitochondrial [KO:K02132]
123787239  ATP5F1B; ATP synthase subunit beta, mitochondrial [KO:K02133] [EC:7.1.2.2]
123802301  ATP5F1C; ATP synthase subunit gamma, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K02136]
123794039  ATP5F1D; ATP synthase subunit delta, mitochondrial [KO:K02134]
123803295  ATP5F1E; ATP synthase subunit epsilon, mitochondrial [KO:K02135]
804838  ATP6; ATP synthase F0 subunit 6 [KO:K02126]
123795077  ATP5PB; ATP synthase F(0) complex subunit B1, mitochondrial [KO:K02127]
123794098  ATP5MC3; ATP synthase F(0) complex subunit C3, mitochondrial [KO:K02128]
123794686  ATP5MC2; ATP synthase F(0) complex subunit C2, mitochondrial [KO:K02128]
123802874  ATP5MC1; ATP synthase F(0) complex subunit C1, mitochondrial [KO:K02128]
123802976  ATP5PD; ATP synthase subunit d, mitochondrial [KO:K02138]
123797560  ATP synthase subunit d, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02138]
123784215  ATP5PO; ATP synthase subunit O, mitochondrial [KO:K02137]
123784171  ATP5PF; ATP synthase-coupling factor 6, mitochondrial [KO:K02131]
804836  ATP8; ATP synthase F0 subunit 8 [KO:K02125]
123782135  PINK1; serine/threonine-protein kinase PINK1, mitochondrial [KO:K05688] [EC:2.7.11.1]
123782996  MCU; calcium uniporter protein, mitochondrial [KO:K20858]
123778876  LRRK2; leucine-rich repeat serine/threonine-protein kinase 2 isoform X1 [KO:K08844] [EC:2.7.11.1]
123786085  HTRA2; serine protease HTRA2, mitochondrial [KO:K08669] [EC:3.4.21.108]
123783343  TRAP1; heat shock protein 75 kDa, mitochondrial [KO:K09488]
123790351  VDAC1; voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 1 [KO:K05862]
123788811  voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 2 [KO:K15040]
123782868  VDAC2; voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 2 [KO:K15040]
123780315  VDAC3; voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K15041]
123793297  SLC25A31; ADP/ATP translocase 4 [KO:K05863]
123787795  SLC25A5; ADP/ATP translocase 2 [KO:K05863]
123802759  SLC25A6; ADP/ATP translocase 3 [KO:K05863]
123784508  SLC25A4; ADP/ATP translocase 1 [KO:K05863]
123783021  PPIF; peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase F, mitochondrial [KO:K09565] [EC:5.2.1.8]
123782054  cytochrome c-like [KO:K08738]
123789159  cytochrome c [KO:K08738]
123798082  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: cytochrome c, testis-specific-like [KO:K08738]
123780504  APAF1; apoptotic protease-activating factor 1 [KO:K02084]
123777792  CASP9; caspase-9 isoform X1 [KO:K04399] [EC:3.4.22.62]
123784520  CASP3; caspase-3 [KO:K02187] [EC:3.4.22.56]
123796171  PARK7; Parkinson disease protein 7 [KO:K05687] [EC:3.5.1.124]
123798690  BCL2L1; bcl-2-like protein 1 [KO:K04570]
123776228  BAX; apoptosis regulator BAX isoform X1 [KO:K02159]
123786410  MFN1; mitofusin-1 [KO:K21356] [EC:3.6.5.-]
123779618  MFN2; mitofusin-2 [KO:K06030] [EC:3.6.5.-]
123784881  KIF5B; kinesin-1 heavy chain [KO:K10396]
123787210  KIF5A; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: kinesin heavy chain [KO:K10396]
123782188  KIF5C; kinesin heavy chain isoform X1 [KO:K10396]
123800531  KLC3; kinesin light chain 3 isoform X1 [KO:K10407]
123794663  KLC4; kinesin light chain 4 isoform X1 [KO:K10407]
123778455  KLC2; kinesin light chain 2 isoform X1 [KO:K10407]
123778646  KLC1; kinesin light chain 1 isoform X1 [KO:K10407]
123785735  tubulin alpha-8 chain [KO:K07374]
123794780  tubulin alpha-1A chain [KO:K07374]
123794781  TUBA1C; tubulin alpha-1C chain [KO:K07374]
123794782  tubulin alpha-1B chain [KO:K07374]
123802293  TUBAL3; tubulin alpha chain-like 3 [KO:K07374]
123795654  tubulin alpha-3 chain [KO:K07374]
123803591  tubulin alpha-3 chain [KO:K07374]
123778141  TUBA8; tubulin alpha-8 chain isoform X1 [KO:K07374]
123779439  tubulin alpha-4A chain [KO:K07374]
123801487  TUBB2A; tubulin beta-2A chain [KO:K07375]
123801555  TUBB2B; tubulin beta-2B chain [KO:K07375]
123794276  TUBB; tubulin beta chain [KO:K07375]
123803293  TUBB1; tubulin beta-1 chain [KO:K07375]
123803542  TUBB6; tubulin beta-6 chain [KO:K07375]
123796304  TUBB4B; tubulin beta-4B chain [KO:K07375]
123779017  TUBB4A; tubulin beta-4A chain [KO:K07375]
123776644  tubulin beta-3 chain [KO:K07375]
123792132  TP53; cellular tumor antigen p53 [KO:K04451]
123788597  DUSP1; dual specificity protein phosphatase 1 [KO:K21278] [EC:3.1.3.16 3.1.3.48]
123798077  NFE2L2; nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 isoform X1 [KO:K05638]
123780632  TXN2; thioredoxin, mitochondrial [KO:K03671]
123787680  thioredoxin-like [KO:K03671]
123803385  TXN; thioredoxin [KO:K03671]
123790921  DAXX; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: death domain-associated protein 6 [KO:K02308]
123803353  MAP3K5; mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 5 isoform X1 [KO:K04426] [EC:2.7.11.25]
123800287  MAPK8; mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
123788054  MAPK10; mitogen-activated protein kinase 10 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
123790496  MAPK9; mitogen-activated protein kinase 9 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
123784194  SOD1; superoxide dismutase [Cu-Zn] [KO:K04565] [EC:1.15.1.1]
123777573  KEAP1; kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 [KO:K10456]
Compound
C00002  ATP
C00007  Oxygen
C00008  ADP
C00009  Orthophosphate
C00013  Diphosphate
C00020  AMP
C00027  Hydrogen peroxide
C00034  Manganese
C00076  Calcium cation
C00082  L-Tyrosine
C00165  Diacylglycerol
C00212  Adenosine
C00355  3,4-Dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine
C00575  3',5'-Cyclic AMP
C00704  Superoxide
C01245  D-myo-Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate
C03758  Dopamine
C04043  3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde
C04599  1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine
C07593  Rotenone
C11310  1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium
C14701  Paraquat
C15231  Maneb
C16844  Hydroxyl radical
C17755  Dopamine quinone
C22381  Reactive oxygen species
Reference
PMID:16495942
  Authors
Abou-Sleiman PM, Muqit MM, Wood NW
  Title
Expanding insights of mitochondrial dysfunction in Parkinson's disease.
  Journal
Nat Rev Neurosci 7:207-19 (2006)
DOI:10.1038/nrn1868
Reference
PMID:12938733
  Authors
Lim KL, Lim TM
  Title
Molecular mechanisms of neurodegeneration in Parkinson's disease: clues from Mendelian syndromes.
  Journal
IUBMB Life 55:315-22 (2003)
DOI:10.1080/1521654031000153030
Reference
PMID:26501339
  Authors
Bobela W, Aebischer P, Schneider BL
  Title
Alphalpha-Synuclein as a Mediator in the Interplay between Aging and Parkinson's Disease.
  Journal
Biomolecules 5:2675-700 (2015)
DOI:10.3390/biom5042675
Reference
PMID:15767499
  Authors
Eriksen JL, Wszolek Z, Petrucelli L
  Title
Molecular pathogenesis of Parkinson disease.
  Journal
Arch Neurol 62:353-7 (2005)
DOI:10.1001/archneur.62.3.353
Reference
PMID:16972273
  Authors
Olanow CW, McNaught KS
  Title
Ubiquitin-proteasome system and Parkinson's disease.
  Journal
Mov Disord 21:1806-23 (2006)
DOI:10.1002/mds.21013
Reference
PMID:18047737
  Authors
Lim KL, Tan JM
  Title
Role of the ubiquitin proteasome system in Parkinson's disease.
  Journal
BMC Biochem 8 Suppl 1:S13 (2007)
DOI:10.1186/1471-2091-8-S1-S13
Reference
PMID:29090092
  Authors
Maiti P, Manna J, Dunbar GL
  Title
Current understanding of the molecular mechanisms in Parkinson's disease: Targets for potential treatments.
  Journal
Transl Neurodegener 6:28 (2017)
DOI:10.1186/s40035-017-0099-z
Reference
PMID:12814656
  Authors
Dev KK, van der Putten H, Sommer B, Rovelli G
  Title
Part I: parkin-associated proteins and Parkinson's disease.
  Journal
Neuropharmacology 45:1-13 (2003)
DOI:10.1016/s0028-3908(02)00337-4
Reference
PMID:20495568
  Authors
Obeso JA, Rodriguez-Oroz MC, Goetz CG, Marin C, Kordower JH, Rodriguez M, Hirsch EC, Farrer M, Schapira AH, Halliday G
  Title
Missing pieces in the Parkinson's disease puzzle.
  Journal
Nat Med 16:653-61 (2010)
DOI:10.1038/nm.2165
Reference
PMID:24781149
  Authors
Cali T, Ottolini D, Brini M
  Title
Calcium signaling in Parkinson's disease.
  Journal
Cell Tissue Res 357:439-54 (2014)
DOI:10.1007/s00441-014-1866-0
Reference
PMID:19230774
  Authors
Bezprozvanny I
  Title
Calcium signaling and neurodegenerative diseases.
  Journal
Trends Mol Med 15:89-100 (2009)
DOI:10.1016/j.molmed.2009.01.001
Reference
PMID:28468938
  Authors
Zaichick SV, McGrath KM, Caraveo G
  Title
The role of Ca(2+) signaling in Parkinson's disease.
  Journal
Dis Model Mech 10:519-535 (2017)
DOI:10.1242/dmm.028738
Reference
PMID:28838811
  Authors
Ludtmann MHR, Abramov AY
  Title
Mitochondrial calcium imbalance in Parkinson's disease.
  Journal
Neurosci Lett 663:86-90 (2018)
DOI:10.1016/j.neulet.2017.08.044
Reference
PMID:19663908
  Authors
Sandebring A, Dehvari N, Perez-Manso M, Thomas KJ, Karpilovski E, Cookson MR, Cowburn RF, Cedazo-Minguez A
  Title
Parkin deficiency disrupts calcium homeostasis by modulating phospholipase C signalling.
  Journal
FEBS J 276:5041-52 (2009)
DOI:10.1111/j.1742-4658.2009.07201.x
Reference
PMID:23352769
  Authors
Mercado G, Valdes P, Hetz C
  Title
An ERcentric view of Parkinson's disease.
  Journal
Trends Mol Med 19:165-75 (2013)
DOI:10.1016/j.molmed.2012.12.005
Reference
PMID:27103567
  Authors
Mercado G, Castillo V, Soto P, Sidhu A
  Title
ER stress and Parkinson's disease: Pathological inputs that converge into the secretory pathway.
  Journal
Brain Res 1648:626-632 (2016)
DOI:10.1016/j.brainres.2016.04.042
Reference
PMID:26297973
  Authors
Tsujii S, Ishisaka M, Hara H
  Title
Modulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress in Parkinson's disease.
  Journal
Eur J Pharmacol 765:154-6 (2015)
DOI:10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.08.033
Reference
PMID:31100053
  Authors
Shah A, Chao J, Legido-Quigley C, Chang RC
  Title
Oxyresveratrol exerts ATF4- and Grp78-mediated neuroprotection against endoplasmic reticulum stress in experimental Parkinson's disease.
  Journal
Nutr Neurosci 1-16 (2019)
DOI:10.1080/1028415X.2019.1613764
Reference
PMID:24548101
  Authors
Segura-Aguilar J, Paris I, Munoz P, Ferrari E, Zecca L, Zucca FA
  Title
Protective and toxic roles of dopamine in Parkinson's disease.
  Journal
J Neurochem 129:898-915 (2014)
DOI:10.1111/jnc.12686
Reference
PMID:31587020
  Authors
Jesko H, Lenkiewicz AM, Wilkaniec A, Adamczyk A
  Title
The interplay between parkin and alpha-synuclein; possible implications for the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease.
  Journal
Acta Neurobiol Exp (Wars) 79:276-289 (2019)
Reference
PMID:15189334
  Authors
Perez RG, Hastings TG
  Title
Could a loss of alpha-synuclein function put dopaminergic neurons at risk?
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J Neurochem 89:1318-24 (2004)
DOI:10.1111/j.1471-4159.2004.02423.x
Reference
PMID:26487845
  Authors
Segura-Aguilar J
  Title
A new mechanism for protection of dopaminergic neurons mediated by astrocytes.
  Journal
Neural Regen Res 10:1225-7 (2015)
DOI:10.4103/1673-5374.162750
Reference
PMID:27546335
  Authors
Bose A, Beal MF
  Title
Mitochondrial dysfunction in Parkinson's disease.
  Journal
J Neurochem 139 Suppl 1:216-231 (2016)
DOI:10.1111/jnc.13731
Reference
PMID:27581196
  Authors
Cieri D, Brini M, Cali T
  Title
Emerging (and converging) pathways in Parkinson's disease: keeping mitochondrial wellness.
  Journal
Biochem Biophys Res Commun 483:1020-1030 (2017)
DOI:10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.08.153
Reference
PMID:27829983
  Authors
Mack JM, Schamne MG, Sampaio TB, Pertile RA, Fernandes PA, Markus RP, Prediger RD
  Title
Melatoninergic System in Parkinson's Disease: From Neuroprotection to the Management of Motor and Nonmotor Symptoms.
  Journal
Oxid Med Cell Longev 2016:3472032 (2016)
DOI:10.1155/2016/3472032
Reference
PMID:21674642
  Authors
Cali T, Ottolini D, Brini M
  Title
Mitochondria, calcium, and endoplasmic reticulum stress in Parkinson's disease.
  Journal
Biofactors 37:228-40 (2011)
DOI:10.1002/biof.159
Reference
PMID:24522549
  Authors
Gaki GS, Papavassiliou AG
  Title
Oxidative stress-induced signaling pathways implicated in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease.
  Journal
Neuromolecular Med 16:217-30 (2014)
DOI:10.1007/s12017-014-8294-x
Reference
PMID:25761946
  Authors
Franco-Iborra S, Vila M, Perier C
  Title
The Parkinson Disease Mitochondrial Hypothesis: Where Are We at?
  Journal
Neuroscientist 22:266-77 (2016)
DOI:10.1177/1073858415574600
Reference
PMID:22926193
  Authors
de Vries RL, Przedborski S
  Title
Mitophagy and Parkinson's disease: be eaten to stay healthy.
  Journal
Mol Cell Neurosci 55:37-43 (2013)
DOI:10.1016/j.mcn.2012.07.008
Reference
PMID:20736035
  Authors
Deas E, Wood NW, Plun-Favreau H
  Title
Mitophagy and Parkinson's disease: the PINK1-parkin link.
  Journal
Biochim Biophys Acta 1813:623-33 (2011)
DOI:10.1016/j.bbamcr.2010.08.007
Reference
PMID:25611507
  Authors
Pickrell AM, Youle RJ
  Title
The roles of PINK1, parkin, and mitochondrial fidelity in Parkinson's disease.
  Journal
Neuron 85:257-73 (2015)
DOI:10.1016/j.neuron.2014.12.007
Reference
PMID:27911343
  Authors
Truban D, Hou X, Caulfield TR, Fiesel FC, Springer W
  Title
PINK1, Parkin, and Mitochondrial Quality Control: What can we Learn about Parkinson's Disease Pathobiology?
  Journal
J Parkinsons Dis 7:13-29 (2017)
DOI:10.3233/JPD-160989
Reference
PMID:28823929
  Authors
Biosa A, Sandrelli F, Beltramini M, Greggio E, Bubacco L, Bisaglia M
  Title
Recent findings on the physiological function of DJ-1: Beyond Parkinson's disease.
  Journal
Neurobiol Dis 108:65-72 (2017)
DOI:10.1016/j.nbd.2017.08.005
Reference
PMID:29147906
  Authors
Oh SE, Mouradian MM
  Title
Regulation of Signal Transduction by DJ-1.
  Journal
Adv Exp Med Biol 1037:97-131 (2017)
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Reference
PMID:31054074
  Authors
Dolgacheva LP, Berezhnov AV, Fedotova EI, Zinchenko VP, Abramov AY
  Title
Role of DJ-1 in the mechanism of pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease.
  Journal
J Bioenerg Biomembr 51:175-188 (2019)
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Reference
PMID:30370500
  Authors
Melo TQ, Copray SJCVM, Ferrari MFR
  Title
Alpha-Synuclein Toxicity on Protein Quality Control, Mitochondria and Endoplasmic Reticulum.
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Neurochem Res 43:2212-2223 (2018)
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Reference
PMID:30937538
  Authors
Zhai S, Shen W, Graves SM, Surmeier DJ
  Title
Dopaminergic modulation of striatal function and Parkinson's disease.
  Journal
J Neural Transm (Vienna) 126:411-422 (2019)
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Reference
PMID:29720658
  Authors
Parker JG, Marshall JD, Ahanonu B, Wu YW, Kim TH, Grewe BF, Zhang Y, Li JZ, Ding JB, Ehlers MD, Schnitzer MJ
  Title
Diametric neural ensemble dynamics in parkinsonian and dyskinetic states.
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Nature 557:177-182 (2018)
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Related
pathway
uar00190  Oxidative phosphorylation
uar00350  Tyrosine metabolism
uar03050  Proteasome
uar04020  Calcium signaling pathway
uar04120  Ubiquitin mediated proteolysis
uar04137  Mitophagy - animal
uar04141  Protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum
uar04210  Apoptosis
uar04728  Dopaminergic synapse
KO pathway
ko05012   
LinkDB

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