KEGG   PATHWAY: rfq04210
Entry
rfq04210                    Pathway                                
Name
Apoptosis - Rhinolophus ferrumequinum (greater horseshoe bat)
Description
Apoptosis is a genetically programmed process for the elimination of damaged or redundant cells by activation of caspases (aspartate-specific cysteine proteases). The onset of apoptosis is controlled by numerous interrelating processes. The 'extrinsic' pathway involves stimulation of members of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor subfamily, such as TNFRI, CD95/Fas or TRAILR (death receptors), located at the cell surface, by their specific ligands, such as TNF-alpha, FasL or TRAIL, respectively. The 'intrinsic' pathway is activated mainly by non-receptor stimuli, such as DNA damage, ER stress, metabolic stress, UV radiation or growth-factor deprivation. The central event in the 'intrinsic' pathway is the mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization (MOMP), which leads to the release of cytochrome c. These two pathways converge at the level of effector caspases, such as caspase-3 and caspase-7. The third major pathway is initiated by the constituents of cytotoxic granules (e.g. Perforin and Granzyme B) that are released by CTLs (cytotoxic T-cells) and NK (natural killer) cells. Granzyme B, similarly to the caspases, cleaves its substrates after aspartic acid residues, suggesting that this protease has the ability to activate members of the caspase family directly. It is the balance between the pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic signals that eventually determines whether cells will undergo apoptosis, survive or proliferate. TNF family of ligands activates anti-apoptotic or cell-survival signals as well as apoptotic signals. NGF and Interleukin-3 promotes the survival, proliferation and differentiation of neurons or hematopoietic cells, respectively. Withdrawal of these growth factors leads to cell death, as described above.
Class
Cellular Processes; Cell growth and death
Pathway map
rfq04210  Apoptosis
rfq04210

Other DBs
GO: 0006915
Organism
Rhinolophus ferrumequinum (greater horseshoe bat) [GN:rfq]
Gene
117012422  TNFSF10; tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 10 [KO:K04721]
117038097  tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 10B-like [KO:K04722]
117038099  tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 10A-like isoform X1 [KO:K04722]
117014309  FASLG; tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 6 [KO:K04389]
117035725  FAS; tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 6 isoform X1 [KO:K04390]
117030152  FADD; FAS-associated death domain protein [KO:K02373]
117020338  TNF; tumor necrosis factor [KO:K03156]
117028184  TNFRSF1A; tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 1A [KO:K03158]
117035237  TRADD; tumor necrosis factor receptor type 1-associated DEATH domain protein isoform X1 [KO:K03171]
117025759  CFLAR; CASP8 and FADD-like apoptosis regulator isoform X1 [KO:K04724]
117025976  CASP8; caspase-8 [KO:K04398] [EC:3.4.22.61]
117026299  CASP10; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: caspase-10 [KO:K04400] [EC:3.4.22.63]
117022208  CASP6; caspase-6 [KO:K04396] [EC:3.4.22.59]
117021507  CASP3; caspase-3 isoform X1 [KO:K02187] [EC:3.4.22.56]
117036398  CASP7; caspase-7 [KO:K04397] [EC:3.4.22.60]
117028334  BID; BH3-interacting domain death agonist [KO:K04726]
117034548  BAX; apoptosis regulator BAX isoform X1 [KO:K02159]
117020728  BAK1; bcl-2 homologous antagonist/killer [KO:K14021]
117017871  DIABLO; diablo homolog, mitochondrial [KO:K10522]
117013158  SEPTIN4; septin-4 isoform X1 [KO:K16943]
117033097  HTRA2; serine protease HTRA2, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K08669] [EC:3.4.21.108]
117025500  cytochrome c, testis-specific [KO:K08738]
117026373  cytochrome c-like [KO:K08738]
117012310  cytochrome c [KO:K08738]
117026697  cytochrome c homolog [KO:K08738]
117030474  cytochrome c [KO:K08738]
117017381  cytochrome c-like [KO:K08738]
117029090  APAF1; apoptotic protease-activating factor 1 [KO:K02084]
117027311  CASP9; caspase-9 isoform X1 [KO:K04399] [EC:3.4.22.62]
117035789  PRF1; perforin-1 isoform X1 [KO:K07818]
117022812  granzyme B-like [KO:K01353] [EC:3.4.21.79]
117022813  mast cell protease 1A-like [KO:K01353] [EC:3.4.21.79]
117025821  tubulin alpha-4A chain [KO:K07374]
117032840  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: tubulin alpha chain-like [KO:K07374]
117026321  tubulin alpha-8 chain-like [KO:K07374]
117019085  TUBAL3; tubulin alpha chain-like 3 isoform X1 [KO:K07374]
117028445  TUBA1A; tubulin alpha-1A chain [KO:K07374]
117028446  tubulin alpha-1C chain [KO:K07374]
117028580  tubulin alpha-1B chain [KO:K07374]
117029314  tubulin alpha-8 chain [KO:K07374]
117017393  tubulin alpha-3 chain isoform X1 [KO:K07374]
117014629  MCL1; induced myeloid leukemia cell differentiation protein Mcl-1 [KO:K02539]
117013189  ACTG1; actin, cytoplasmic 2 [KO:K05692]
117016810  ACTB; actin, cytoplasmic 1 [KO:K05692]
117031894  SPTAN1; spectrin alpha chain, non-erythrocytic 1 isoform X1 [KO:K06114]
117014827  LMNA; lamin [KO:K12641]
117025178  LMNB1; lamin-B1 [KO:K07611]
117037944  LMNB2; lamin-B2 [KO:K07611]
117018587  PARP1; poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase 1 isoform X1 [KO:K24070] [EC:2.4.2.30]
117021313  PARP4; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: protein mono-ADP-ribosyltransferase PARP4 [KO:K10798] [EC:2.4.2.30]
117036874  protein mono-ADP-ribosyltransferase PARP3-like [KO:K10798] [EC:2.4.2.30]
117036875  protein mono-ADP-ribosyltransferase PARP3-like [KO:K10798] [EC:2.4.2.30]
117023561  PARP2; poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase 2 [KO:K10798] [EC:2.4.2.30]
117027221  DFFA; DNA fragmentation factor subunit alpha [KO:K02310]
117027722  DFFB; DNA fragmentation factor subunit beta [KO:K02311] [EC:3.-.-.-]
117032263  ENDOG; endonuclease G, mitochondrial [KO:K01173]
117024181  AIFM1; apoptosis-inducing factor 1, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K04727] [EC:1.-.-.-]
117013115  ERN1; serine/threonine-protein kinase/endoribonuclease IRE1 isoform X1 [KO:K08852] [EC:2.7.11.1 3.1.26.-]
117031652  TRAF2; TNF receptor-associated factor 2 [KO:K03173] [EC:2.3.2.27]
117037173  ITPR1; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04958]
117028439  ITPR2; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 2 isoform X1 [KO:K04959]
117020871  ITPR3; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 3 [KO:K04960]
117030631  CAPN1; calpain-1 catalytic subunit [KO:K01367] [EC:3.4.22.52]
117018599  CAPN2; calpain-2 catalytic subunit [KO:K03853] [EC:3.4.22.53]
117029875  caspase-12-like [KO:K04741] [EC:3.4.22.-]
117033020  EIF2AK3; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2-alpha kinase 3 isoform X1 [KO:K08860] [EC:2.7.11.1]
117023471  EIF2S1; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit 1 [KO:K03237]
117028134  ATF4; cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-4 [KO:K04374]
117028473  DDIT3; DNA damage-inducible transcript 3 protein [KO:K04452]
117037969  CTSB; cathepsin B isoform X1 [KO:K01363] [EC:3.4.22.1]
117030085  CTSC; dipeptidyl peptidase 1 isoform X1 [KO:K01275] [EC:3.4.14.1]
117030592  CTSD; cathepsin D [KO:K01379] [EC:3.4.23.5]
117031296  CTSF; cathepsin F [KO:K01373] [EC:3.4.22.41]
117018786  CTSH; pro-cathepsin H [KO:K01366] [EC:3.4.22.16]
117014590  CTSK; cathepsin K [KO:K01371] [EC:3.4.22.38]
117032436  cathepsin L1 [KO:K01365] [EC:3.4.22.15]
117031635  cathepsin L1-like isoform X1 [KO:K01365] [EC:3.4.22.15]
117031971  CTSL; cathepsin L1 [KO:K01365] [EC:3.4.22.15]
117038547  CTSO; cathepsin O isoform X1 [KO:K01374] [EC:3.4.22.42]
117015222  CTSS; cathepsin S [KO:K01368] [EC:3.4.22.27]
117031257  CTSW; cathepsin W [KO:K08569] [EC:3.4.22.-]
117015827  CTSZ; cathepsin Z [KO:K08568] [EC:3.4.18.1]
117030524  BIRC2; baculoviral IAP repeat-containing protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K16060]
117030766  BIRC3; baculoviral IAP repeat-containing protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K16060]
117021889  XIAP; E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase XIAP [KO:K04725] [EC:2.3.2.27]
117029051  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase XIAP-like [KO:K04725] [EC:2.3.2.27]
117014004  BIRC5; baculoviral IAP repeat-containing protein 5 [KO:K08731]
117019288  BCL2L11; bcl-2-like protein 11 isoform X1 [KO:K16341]
117015788  BCL2L1; bcl-2-like protein 1 [KO:K04570]
117011845  BCL2; apoptosis regulator Bcl-2 [KO:K02161]
117017258  DAXX; death domain-associated protein 6 isoform X1 [KO:K02308]
117027041  RIPK1; receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 1 [KO:K02861] [EC:2.7.11.1]
117031711  DAB2IP; disabled homolog 2-interacting protein isoform X1 [KO:K19901]
117020789  MAP3K5; mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 5 isoform X1 [KO:K04426] [EC:2.7.11.25]
117026302  mitogen-activated protein kinase 8-like [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
117035933  MAPK8; mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
117022220  MAPK10; mitogen-activated protein kinase 10 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
117016634  MAPK9; mitogen-activated protein kinase 9 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
117030073  BAD; bcl2-associated agonist of cell death [KO:K02158]
117027175  JUN; transcription factor AP-1 [KO:K04448]
117024158  FOS; proto-oncogene c-Fos [KO:K04379]
117013763  TP53; cellular tumor antigen p53 [KO:K04451]
117017378  HRK; activator of apoptosis harakiri [KO:K02512]
117013869  MAP3K14; mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 14 [KO:K04466] [EC:2.7.11.25]
117036177  CHUK; inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04467] [EC:2.7.11.10]
117021384  IKBKB; inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit beta isoform X1 [KO:K07209] [EC:2.7.11.10]
117020791  IKBKG; NF-kappa-B essential modulator isoform X1 [KO:K07210]
117024116  NFKBIA; NF-kappa-B inhibitor alpha [KO:K04734]
117022439  NFKB1; nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit isoform X1 [KO:K02580]
117030742  RELA; transcription factor p65 isoform X1 [KO:K04735]
117022371  PTPN13; tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 13 isoform X1 [KO:K02374]
117027839  GADD45A; growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible protein GADD45 alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04402]
117037455  GADD45B; growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible protein GADD45 beta [KO:K04402]
117031496  GADD45G; growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible protein GADD45 gamma [KO:K04402]
117032180  TRAF1; TNF receptor-associated factor 1 [KO:K03172]
117018928  BCL2A1; bcl-2-related protein A1 isoform X1 [KO:K02162]
117030407  ATM; serine-protein kinase ATM isoform X1 [KO:K04728] [EC:2.7.11.1]
117031338  PIDD1; p53-induced death domain-containing protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K10130]
117035576  BBC3; bcl-2-binding component 3 [KO:K10132]
117011794  PMAIP1; phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate-induced protein 1 [KO:K10131]
117018233  CASP2; caspase-2 isoform X1 [KO:K02186] [EC:3.4.22.55]
117014821  NGF; beta-nerve growth factor [KO:K02582]
117014296  NTRK1; high affinity nerve growth factor receptor [KO:K03176] [EC:2.7.10.1]
117017055  interleukin-3-like [KO:K04736]
117029540  IL3RA; interleukin-3 receptor subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04737]
117028020  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: cytokine receptor common subunit beta-like [KO:K04738]
117029211  cytokine receptor common subunit beta-like isoform X1 [KO:K04738]
117027443  PIK3CD; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
117035064  PIK3CA; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
117037029  PIK3CB; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
117027160  phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit gamma isoform X1 [KO:K02649]
117024531  PIK3R1; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K02649]
117038261  PIK3R2; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit beta isoform X1 [KO:K02649]
117019434  PDPK1; 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1 isoform X1 [KO:K06276] [EC:2.7.11.1]
117018458  AKT3; RAC-gamma serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
117035083  AKT2; RAC-beta serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
117023560  AKT1; RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
117013636  GTPase HRas-like [KO:K02833]
117029835  HRAS; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: GTPase HRas [KO:K02833]
117028978  KRAS; GTPase KRas isoform X1 [KO:K07827]
117014672  NRAS; GTPase NRas [KO:K07828]
117037259  RAF1; RAF proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04366] [EC:2.7.11.1]
117022968  MAP2K1; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 [KO:K04368] [EC:2.7.12.2]
117037633  MAP2K2; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 2 [KO:K04369] [EC:2.7.12.2]
117017296  MAPK1; mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
Compound
C00027  Hydrogen peroxide
C00076  Calcium cation
C00319  Sphingosine
C05981  Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate
Reference
PMID:26615431
  Authors
Savitskaya MA, Onishchenko GE
  Title
Mechanisms of Apoptosis.
  Journal
Biochemistry (Mosc) 80:1393-417 (2015)
DOI:10.1134/S0006297915110012
Reference
PMID:23803157
  Authors
Schleich K, Lavrik IN
  Title
Mathematical modeling of apoptosis.
  Journal
Cell Commun Signal 11:44 (2013)
DOI:10.1186/1478-811X-11-44
Reference
PMID:15654015
  Authors
Lavrik I, Golks A, Krammer PH
  Title
Death receptor signaling.
  Journal
J Cell Sci 118:265-7 (2005)
DOI:10.1242/jcs.01610
Reference
PMID:15725726
  Authors
Jin Z, El-Deiry WS
  Title
Overview of cell death signaling pathways.
  Journal
Cancer Biol Ther 4:139-63 (2005)
DOI:10.4161/cbt.4.2.1508
Reference
PMID:15322527
  Authors
Benn SC, Woolf CJ
  Title
Adult neuron survival strategies--slamming on the brakes.
  Journal
Nat Rev Neurosci 5:686-700 (2004)
DOI:10.1038/nrn1477
Reference
PMID:12838338
  Authors
Orrenius S, Zhivotovsky B, Nicotera P
  Title
Regulation of cell death: the calcium-apoptosis link.
  Journal
Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 4:552-65 (2003)
DOI:10.1038/nrm1150
Reference
PMID:19148180
  Authors
Clarke P, Tyler KL
  Title
Apoptosis in animal models of virus-induced disease.
  Journal
Nat Rev Microbiol 7:144-55 (2009)
DOI:10.1038/nrmicro2071
Reference
PMID:22429822
  Authors
Wen X, Lin ZQ, Liu B, Wei YQ
  Title
Caspase-mediated programmed cell death pathways as potential therapeutic targets in cancer.
  Journal
Cell Prolif 45:217-24 (2012)
DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2184.2012.00814.x
Reference
PMID:25526085
  Authors
Shalini S, Dorstyn L, Dawar S, Kumar S
  Title
Old, new and emerging functions of caspases.
  Journal
Cell Death Differ 22:526-39 (2015)
DOI:10.1038/cdd.2014.216
Reference
PMID:15601572
  Authors
Philchenkov A
  Title
Caspases: potential targets for regulating cell death.
  Journal
J Cell Mol Med 8:432-44 (2004)
DOI:10.1111/j.1582-4934.2004.tb00468.x
Reference
PMID:9894605
  Authors
Stroh C, Schulze-Osthoff K
  Title
Death by a thousand cuts: an ever increasing list of caspase substrates.
  Journal
Cell Death Differ 5:997-1000 (1998)
DOI:10.1038/sj.cdd.4400451
Reference
PMID:23070002
  Authors
Safa AR
  Title
c-FLIP, a master anti-apoptotic regulator.
  Journal
Exp Oncol 34:176-84 (2012)
Reference
PMID:18304445
  Authors
Jeong SY, Seol DW
  Title
The role of mitochondria in apoptosis.
  Journal
BMB Rep 41:11-22 (2008)
DOI:10.5483/bmbrep.2008.41.1.011
Reference
PMID:20533903
  Authors
Parsons MJ, Green DR
  Title
Mitochondria in cell death.
  Journal
Essays Biochem 47:99-114 (2010)
DOI:10.1042/bse0470099
Reference
PMID:15719025
  Authors
Strasser A
  Title
The role of BH3-only proteins in the immune system.
  Journal
Nat Rev Immunol 5:189-200 (2005)
DOI:10.1038/nri1568
Reference
PMID:24278747
  Authors
Schonthal AH
  Title
Endoplasmic reticulum stress: its role in disease and novel prospects for therapy.
  Journal
Scientifica (Cairo) 2012:857516 (2012)
DOI:10.6064/2012/857516
Reference
PMID:21145844
  Authors
Malhi H, Kaufman RJ
  Title
Endoplasmic reticulum stress in liver disease.
  Journal
J Hepatol 54:795-809 (2011)
DOI:10.1016/j.jhep.2010.11.005
Reference
PMID:18023214
  Authors
Malhotra JD, Kaufman RJ
  Title
The endoplasmic reticulum and the unfolded protein response.
  Journal
Semin Cell Dev Biol 18:716-31 (2007)
DOI:10.1016/j.semcdb.2007.09.003
Reference
PMID:16397578
  Authors
Wu J, Kaufman RJ
  Title
From acute ER stress to physiological roles of the Unfolded Protein Response.
  Journal
Cell Death Differ 13:374-84 (2006)
DOI:10.1038/sj.cdd.4401840
Reference
PMID:21914490
  Authors
Repnik U, Stoka V, Turk V, Turk B
  Title
Lysosomes and lysosomal cathepsins in cell death.
  Journal
Biochim Biophys Acta 1824:22-33 (2012)
DOI:10.1016/j.bbapap.2011.08.016
Reference
PMID:22465226
  Authors
Cesen MH, Pegan K, Spes A, Turk B
  Title
Lysosomal pathways to cell death and their therapeutic applications.
  Journal
Exp Cell Res 318:1245-51 (2012)
DOI:10.1016/j.yexcr.2012.03.005
Reference
PMID:26231733
  Authors
Dashzeveg N, Yoshida K
  Title
Cell death decision by p53 via control of the mitochondrial membrane.
  Journal
Cancer Lett 367:108-12 (2015)
DOI:10.1016/j.canlet.2015.07.019
Reference
PMID:22075987
  Authors
Bouchier-Hayes L, Green DR
  Title
Caspase-2: the orphan caspase.
  Journal
Cell Death Differ 19:51-7 (2012)
DOI:10.1038/cdd.2011.157
Reference
PMID:18238895
  Authors
Baptiste-Okoh N, Barsotti AM, Prives C
  Title
A role for caspase 2 and PIDD in the process of p53-mediated apoptosis.
  Journal
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 105:1937-42 (2008)
DOI:10.1073/pnas.0711800105
Reference
PMID:12949498
  Authors
Aggarwal BB
  Title
Signalling pathways of the TNF superfamily: a double-edged sword.
  Journal
Nat Rev Immunol 3:745-56 (2003)
DOI:10.1038/nri1184
Reference
PMID:14737178
  Authors
Steelman LS, Pohnert SC, Shelton JG, Franklin RA, Bertrand FE, McCubrey JA.
  Title
JAK/STAT, Raf/MEK/ERK, PI3K/Akt and BCR-ABL in cell cycle progression and leukemogenesis.
  Journal
Leukemia 18:189-218 (2004)
DOI:10.1038/sj.leu.2403241
Reference
PMID:9916983
  Authors
Dragovich T, Rudin CM, Thompson CB
  Title
Signal transduction pathways that regulate cell survival and cell death.
  Journal
Oncogene 17:3207-13 (1998)
DOI:10.1038/sj.onc.1202587
Reference
PMID:11520933
  Authors
Sofroniew MV, Howe CL, Mobley WC
  Title
Nerve growth factor signaling, neuroprotection, and neural repair.
  Journal
Annu Rev Neurosci 24:1217-81 (2001)
DOI:10.1146/annurev.neuro.24.1.1217
Reference
PMID:24769728
  Authors
Kristiansen M, Ham J
  Title
Programmed cell death during neuronal development: the sympathetic neuron model.
  Journal
Cell Death Differ 21:1025-35 (2014)
DOI:10.1038/cdd.2014.47
Reference
PMID:18208375
  Authors
Logue SE, Martin SJ
  Title
Caspase activation cascades in apoptosis.
  Journal
Biochem Soc Trans 36:1-9 (2008)
DOI:10.1042/BST0360001
Reference
PMID:19770840
  Authors
Boivin WA, Cooper DM, Hiebert PR, Granville DJ
  Title
Intracellular versus extracellular granzyme B in immunity and disease: challenging the dogma.
  Journal
Lab Invest 89:1195-220 (2009)
DOI:10.1038/labinvest.2009.91
Reference
PMID:20075940
  Authors
Cullen SP, Brunet M, Martin SJ
  Title
Granzymes in cancer and immunity.
  Journal
Cell Death Differ 17:616-23 (2010)
DOI:10.1038/cdd.2009.206
Related
pathway
rfq04010  MAPK signaling pathway
rfq04020  Calcium signaling pathway
rfq04064  NF-kappa B signaling pathway
rfq04115  p53 signaling pathway
rfq04141  Protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum
rfq04151  PI3K-Akt signaling pathway
rfq04650  Natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity
rfq04668  TNF signaling pathway
KO pathway
ko04210   
LinkDB

DBGET integrated database retrieval system