Entry Name Toll-like receptor signaling pathway - Bos taurus (cow)
Description Specific families of pattern recognition receptors are responsible for detecting microbial pathogens and generating innate immune responses. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are membrane-bound receptors identified as homologs of Toll in Drosophila. Mammalian TLRs are expressed on innate immune cells, such as macrophages and dendritic cells, and respond to the membrane components of Gram-positive or Gram-negative bacteria. Pathogen recognition by TLRs provokes rapid activation of innate immunity by inducing production of proinflammatory cytokines and upregulation of costimulatory molecules. TLR signaling pathways are separated into two groups: a MyD88-dependent pathway that leads to the production of proinflammatory cytokines with quick activation of NF-{kappa}B and MAPK, and a MyD88-independent pathway associated with the induction of IFN-beta and IFN-inducible genes, and maturation of dendritic cells with slow activation of NF-{kappa}B and MAPK.
Class Organismal Systems; Immune systemBRITE hierarchy
Pathway map bta04620 Toll-like receptor signaling pathway
Organism Bos taurus (cow) [GN:
bta ]
Gene 281048 CD14; monocyte differentiation antigen CD14 precursor [KO:K04391 ]
281440 RAC1; ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 [KO:K04392 ]
281856 IL12A; interleukin-12 subunit alpha precursor [KO:K05406 ]
281857 IL12B; interleukin-12 subunit beta precursor [KO:K05425 ]
282257 IFNAR1; interferon alpha/beta receptor 1 precursor [KO:K05130 ]
282258 IFNAR2; interferon alpha/beta receptor 2 precursor [KO:K05131 ]
282306 PIK3CA; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K00922 ] [EC:2.7.1.153 ]
282307 PIK3R1; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit alpha [KO:K02649 ]
282308 PIK3R2; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit beta [KO:K02649 ]
286849 CD40; tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 5 precursor [KO:K03160 ]
286865 PIK3R3; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit gamma [KO:K02649 ]
407131 CD80; T-lymphocyte activation antigen CD80 [KO:K05412 ]
414345 CD86; T-lymphocyte activation antigen CD86 [KO:K05413 ]
444881 MYD88; myeloid differentiation primary response protein MyD88 [KO:K04729 ]
493720 FADD; FAS-associated death domain protein [KO:K02373 ]
504531 PIK3CD; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta isoform [KO:K00922 ] [EC:2.7.1.153 ]
510427 TICAM1; TIR domain-containing adapter molecule 1 [KO:K05842 ]
510814 STAT1; signal transducer and activator of transcription 1-alpha/beta [KO:K11220 ]
511023 STAT2; signal transducer and activator of transcription 2 [KO:K11221 ]
512242 LBP; lipopolysaccharide-binding protein precursor [KO:K05399 ]
516104 CXCL11; C-X-C motif chemokine 11 precursor [KO:K12672 ]
517948 PIK3CB; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform [KO:K00922 ] [EC:2.7.1.153 ]
519958 TAB1; TGF-beta-activated kinase 1 and MAP3K7-binding protein 1 [KO:K04403 ]
531079 TIRAP; toll/interleukin-1 receptor domain-containing adapter protein [KO:K05403 ]
539350 TICAM2; TIR domain-containing adapter molecule 2 [KO:K05409 ]
540203 TAB2; TGF-beta-activated kinase 1 and MAP3K7-binding protein 2 [KO:K04404 ]
615107 CXCL10; C-X-C motif chemokine 10 precursor [KO:K12671 ]
616115 NFKB1; nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit [KO:K02580 ]
787278 MAP2K7; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 7 isoform X1 [KO:K04431 ] [EC:2.7.12.2 ]
Reference Authors Kawai T, Akira S.
Title TLR signaling.
Journal Reference Authors O'Neill LA, Bowie AG.
Title The family of five: TIR-domain-containing adaptors in Toll-like receptor signalling.
Journal Reference Authors Honda K, Taniguchi T.
Title IRFs: master regulators of signalling by Toll-like receptors and cytosolic pattern-recognition receptors.
Journal Reference Authors Uematsu S, Akira S.
Title Toll-like receptors and Type I interferons.
Journal Reference Authors Akira S, Uematsu S, Takeuchi O.
Title Pathogen recognition and innate immunity.
Journal Reference Authors Yamamoto M, Takeda K, Akira S.
Title TIR domain-containing adaptors define the specificity of TLR signaling.
Journal Reference Authors Means TK, Hayashi F, Smith KD, Aderem A, Luster AD.
Title The Toll-like receptor 5 stimulus bacterial flagellin induces maturation and chemokine production in human dendritic cells.
Journal Reference Authors Aderem A, Smith KD.
Title A systems approach to dissecting immunity and inflammation.
Journal Reference Authors Banerjee A, Gerondakis S.
Title Coordinating TLR-activated signaling pathways in cells of the immune system.
Journal Reference Authors Loniewski KJ, Patial S, Parameswaran N.
Title Sensitivity of TLR4- and -7-induced NF kappa B1 p105-TPL2-ERK pathway to TNF-receptor-associated-factor-6 revealed by RNAi in mouse macrophages.
Journal Reference Authors Arbibe L, Mira JP, Teusch N, Kline L, Guha M, Mackman N, Godowski PJ, Ulevitch RJ, Knaus UG.
Title Toll-like receptor 2-mediated NF-kappa B activation requires a Rac1-dependent pathway.
Journal Reference Authors Uematsu S, Akira S.
Title Toll-like receptors and innate immunity.
Journal Related bta04060 Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction
bta04610 Complement and coagulation cascades
KO pathway
