Entry
Name
Calcium signaling pathway - Solea senegalensis (Senegalese sole)
Description
Ca2+ that enters the cell from the outside is a principal source of signal Ca2+. Entry of Ca2+ is driven by the presence of a large electrochemical gradient across the plasma membrane. Cells use this external source of signal Ca2+ by activating various entry channels with widely different properties. The voltage-operated channels (VOCs) are found in excitable cells and generate the rapid Ca2+ fluxes that control fast cellular processes. There are many other Ca2+-entry channels, such as the receptor-operated channels (ROCs), for example the NMDA (N-methyl-D-aspartate) receptors (NMDARs) that respond to glutamate. There also are second-messenger-operated channels (SMOCs) and store-operated channels (SOCs).
The other principal source of Ca2+ for signalling is the internal stores that are located primarily in the endoplasmic/sarcoplasmic reticulum (ER/SR), in which inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors (IP3Rs) or ryanodine receptors (RYRs) regulate the release of Ca2+. The principal activator of these channels is Ca2+ itself and this process of Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release is central to the mechanism of Ca2+ signalling. Various second messengers or modulators also control the release of Ca2+. IP3, which is generated by pathways using different isoforms of phospholipase C (PLCbeta, delta, epsilon, gamma and zeta), regulates the IP3Rs. Cyclic ADP-ribose (cADPR) releases Ca2+ via RYRs. Nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAADP) may activate a distinct Ca2+ release mechanism on separate acidic Ca2+ stores. Ca2+ release via the NAADP-sensitive mechanism may also feedback onto either RYRs or IP3Rs. cADPR and NAADP are generated by CD38. This enzyme might be sensitive to the cellular metabolism, as ATP and NADH inhibit it.
The influx of Ca2+ from the environment or release from internal stores causes a very rapid and dramatic increase in cytoplasmic calcium concentration, which has been widely exploited for signal transduction. Some proteins, such as troponin C (TnC) involved in muscle contraction, directly bind to and sense Ca2+. However, in other cases Ca2+ is sensed through intermediate calcium sensors such as calmodulin (CALM).
Class
Environmental Information Processing; Signal transduction
BRITE hierarchy
Pathway map
Ortholog table
Other DBs
Organism
Solea senegalensis (Senegalese sole) [GN:
ssen ]
Gene
122781451 chrm3a; muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3 isoform X1 [KO:K04131 ]
122765289 htr5ab; 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) receptor 5A, genome duplicate b [KO:K04161 ]
122777431 gnas; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(s) subunit alpha [KO:K04632 ]
122767567 guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(s) subunit alpha-like isoform X1 [KO:K04632 ]
122781178 guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(olf) subunit alpha-like isoform X1 [KO:K04633 ]
122772474 guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(olf) subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04633 ]
122785644 prkacaa; protein kinase, cAMP-dependent, catalytic, alpha, genome duplicate a isoform X1 [KO:K04345 ] [EC:2.7.11.11 ]
122759220 atp2a1l; ATPase sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ transporting 1, like isoform X1 [KO:K05853 ] [EC:7.2.2.10 ]
122759384 cilia- and flagella-associated protein 251 isoform X1 [KO:K23450 ]
122769102 calcium release-activated calcium channel protein 1-like [KO:K16056 ]
122758731 orai1b; calcium release-activated calcium channel protein 1 [KO:K16056 ]
122767001 cacna1c; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1C [KO:K04850 ]
122777142 voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1D-like isoform X1 [KO:K04851 ]
122767592 cacna1da; calcium channel, voltage-dependent, L type, alpha 1D subunit, a isoform X1 [KO:K04851 ]
122776983 cacna1fb; calcium channel, voltage-dependent, L type, alpha 1F subunit isoform X1 [KO:K04853 ]
122777519 cacna1fa; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1D [KO:K04853 ]
122760459 dihydropyridine-sensitive L-type skeletal muscle calcium channel subunit alpha-1-like [KO:K04857 ]
122768110 dihydropyridine-sensitive L-type skeletal muscle calcium channel subunit alpha-1-like isoform X1 [KO:K04857 ]
122770849 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: voltage-dependent P/Q-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1A-like [KO:K04344 ]
122785004 cacna1aa; voltage-dependent P/Q-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1A isoform X1 [KO:K04344 ]
122769886 cacna1ba; calcium channel, voltage-dependent, N type, alpha 1B subunit, a isoform X1 [KO:K04849 ]
122758028 voltage-dependent N-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1B-like isoform X1 [KO:K04849 ]
122780700 voltage-dependent R-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1E isoform X1 [KO:K04852 ]
122777467 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: voltage-dependent R-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1E-like [KO:K04852 ]
122760011 voltage-dependent T-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1G-like isoform X1 [KO:K04854 ]
122785079 cacna1ha; voltage-dependent T-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1I [KO:K04855 ]
122770945 voltage-dependent T-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1I-like [KO:K04856 ]
122784946 cacna1ia; voltage-dependent T-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1I isoform X1 [KO:K04856 ]
122769313 grin1b; glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1b isoform X1 [KO:K05208 ]
122758318 grin1a; glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1a isoform X1 [KO:K05208 ]
122785109 grin2aa; glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A isoform X1 [KO:K05209 ]
122771497 grin2bb; glutamate receptor, ionotropic, N-methyl D-aspartate 2B, genome duplicate b isoform X1 [KO:K05210 ]
122784664 grin2ca; glutamate receptor, ionotropic, N-methyl D-aspartate 2Ca [KO:K05211 ]
122765779 htr2cl1; 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) receptor 2C, G protein-coupled-like 1 [KO:K04157 ]
122781549 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: lutropin-choriogonadotropic hormone receptor-like [KO:K04248 ]
122769267 guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(q) subunit alpha [KO:K04634 ]
122757985 guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(q) subunit alpha-like [KO:K04634 ]
122780589 guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(q) subunit alpha-like isoform X1 [KO:K04635 ]
122782615 guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(q) subunit alpha-like isoform X1 [KO:K04635 ]
122769270 gna14a; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit alpha-14 [KO:K04636 ]
122780952 guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit alpha-11-like [KO:K04637 ]
122785574 pdgfab; platelet-derived growth factor alpha polypeptide b [KO:K04359 ]
122771409 si:ch211-79m20.1; bromodomain-containing protein 4 isoform X1 [KO:K17386 ]
122774919 vegfaa; vascular endothelial growth factor A-A isoform X1 [KO:K05448 ]
122778869 vegfba; vascular endothelial growth factor A isoform X1 [KO:K05448 ]
122775745 plcd1a; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase delta-1a isoform X1 [KO:K05857 ] [EC:3.1.4.11 ]
122784713 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase delta-4-like isoform X1 [KO:K05857 ] [EC:3.1.4.11 ]
122759017 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase delta-4-like isoform X1 [KO:K05857 ] [EC:3.1.4.11 ]
122774430 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase delta-1-like isoform X1 [KO:K05857 ] [EC:3.1.4.11 ]
122765502 plcb2; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-2 isoform X1 [KO:K05858 ] [EC:3.1.4.11 ]
122783981 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-4-like isoform X1 [KO:K05858 ] [EC:3.1.4.11 ]
122784068 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-1-like isoform X1 [KO:K05858 ] [EC:3.1.4.11 ]
122768001 itpr1b; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04958 ]
122768475 inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04958 ]
122777265 itpr3; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 3 isoform X1 [KO:K04960 ]
122781930 mcu; calcium uniporter protein, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K20858 ]
122780041 vdac1; voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 1 [KO:K05862 ]
122781733 voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 2-like [KO:K15040 ]
122759048 voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 2-like [KO:K15040 ]
122768947 vdac3; voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K15041 ]
122784259 voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 2-like isoform X1 [KO:K15041 ]
122772125 phkb; phosphorylase b kinase regulatory subunit beta isoform X1 [KO:K07190 ]
122772703 phka2; phosphorylase b kinase regulatory subunit alpha, liver isoform isoform X1 [KO:K07190 ]
122767121 phka1a; phosphorylase b kinase regulatory subunit alpha, skeletal muscle isoform isoform X1 [KO:K07190 ]
122769541 camk2b1; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (CaM kinase) II beta 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04515 ] [EC:2.7.11.17 ]
122781651 camk2g2; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit gamma isoform X1 [KO:K04515 ] [EC:2.7.11.17 ]
122770769 camk2d2; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II delta 2 chain isoform X1 [KO:K04515 ] [EC:2.7.11.17 ]
122765879 serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2B catalytic subunit alpha isoform isoform X1 [KO:K04348 ] [EC:3.1.3.16 ]
122778400 ppp3cb; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2B catalytic subunit beta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K04348 ] [EC:3.1.3.16 ]
122780171 ppp3ca; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2B catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K04348 ] [EC:3.1.3.16 ]
122775063 nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 1-like isoform X1 [KO:K04446 ]
122786202 nfatc1; nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 1 [KO:K04446 ]
122777768 nfatc2a; nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 2 isoform X1 [KO:K17332 ]
122767575 nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 2-like isoform X1 [KO:K17332 ]
122762476 nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 3-like [KO:K17333 ]
122764778 nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 3-like [KO:K17333 ]
122772618 nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 3-like [KO:K17333 ]
122778828 nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 3-like [KO:K17333 ]
122770718 nfatc4; nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 4 [KO:K17334 ]
122768743 calcium/calmodulin-dependent 3',5'-cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase 1B-like isoform X1 [KO:K13755 ] [EC:3.1.4.17 ]
122769367 pde1ca; calcium/calmodulin-dependent 3',5'-cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase 1C [KO:K13755 ] [EC:3.1.4.17 ]
122765028 pde1cb; calcium/calmodulin-dependent 3',5'-cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase 1A isoform X1 [KO:K13755 ] [EC:3.1.4.17 ]
Compound
C01245 D-myo-Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate
C06124 Sphingosine 1-phosphate
C11556 1-Phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3,5-bisphosphate
C13051 Nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate
Reference
Authors
Berridge MJ, Bootman MD, Roderick HL.
Title
Calcium signalling: dynamics, homeostasis and remodelling.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Berridge MJ, Lipp P, Bootman MD.
Title
The versatility and universality of calcium signalling.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Wang MC, Dolphin A, Kitmitto A.
Title
L-type voltage-gated calcium channels: understanding function through structure.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Ferrier GR, Howlett SE.
Title
Cardiac excitation-contraction coupling: role of membrane potential in regulation of contraction.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Keef KD, Hume JR, Zhong J.
Title
Regulation of cardiac and smooth muscle Ca(2+) channels (Ca(V)1.2a,b) by protein kinases.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Hell JW, Appleyard SM, Yokoyama CT, Warner C, Catterall WA.
Title
Differential phosphorylation of two size forms of the N-type calcium channel alpha 1 subunit which have different COOH termini.
Journal
J Biol Chem 269:7390-6 (1994)
Reference
Authors
Yunker AM.
Title
Modulation and pharmacology of low voltage-activated ("T-Type") calcium channels.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Yakel JL.
Title
Calcineurin regulation of synaptic function: from ion channels to transmitter release and gene transcription.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Fukunaga K, Miyamoto E.
Title
A working model of CaM kinase II activity in hippocampal long-term potentiation and memory.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Della Rocca GJ, van Biesen T, Daaka Y, Luttrell DK, Luttrell LM, Lefkowitz RJ.
Title
Ras-dependent mitogen-activated protein kinase activation by G protein-coupled receptors. Convergence of Gi- and Gq-mediated pathways on calcium/calmodulin, Pyk2, and Src kinase.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Furuichi T, Mikoshiba K.
Title
Inositol 1, 4, 5-trisphosphate receptor-mediated Ca2+ signaling in the brain.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Bruce JI, Straub SV, Yule DI.
Title
Crosstalk between cAMP and Ca2+ signaling in non-excitable cells.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Lee HC, Munshi C, Graeff R.
Title
Structures and activities of cyclic ADP-ribose, NAADP and their metabolic enzymes.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Crompton M.
Title
Mitochondrial intermembrane junctional complexes and their role in cell death.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Grewal SS, York RD, Stork PJ.
Title
Extracellular-signal-regulated kinase signalling in neurons.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Trushin SA, Pennington KN, Carmona EM, Asin S, Savoy DN, Billadeau DD, Paya CV.
Title
Protein kinase Calpha (PKCalpha) acts upstream of PKCtheta to activate IkappaB kinase and NF-kappaB in T lymphocytes.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Hutchins JR, Dikovskaya D, Clarke PR.
Title
Regulation of Cdc2/cyclin B activation in Xenopus egg extracts via inhibitory phosphorylation of Cdc25C phosphatase by Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein [corrected] kinase II.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Tornquist K
Title
Sphingosine 1-phosphate, sphingosine kinase and autocrine calcium signalling in thyroid cells.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Feske S
Title
Immunodeficiency due to defects in store-operated calcium entry.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Giachini FR, Lima VV, Hannan JL, Carneiro FS, Webb RC, Tostes RC
Title
STIM1/Orai1-mediated store-operated Ca2+ entry: the tip of the iceberg.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Baba Y, Kurosaki T
Title
[Regulation of store-operated calcium entry by STIM1].
Journal
Seikagaku 80:1123-8 (2008)
Reference
Authors
Galione A, Evans AM, Ma J, Parrington J, Arredouani A, Cheng X, Zhu MX
Title
The acid test: the discovery of two-pore channels (TPCs) as NAADP-gated endolysosomal Ca(2+) release channels.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Beard NA, Wei L, Dulhunty AF
Title
Ca(2+) signaling in striated muscle: the elusive roles of triadin, junctin, and calsequestrin.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Marty I
Title
Triadin regulation of the ryanodine receptor complex.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Arvanitis DA, Vafiadaki E, Sanoudou D, Kranias EG
Title
Histidine-rich calcium binding protein: the new regulator of sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium cycling.
Journal
Related pathway
ssen04070 Phosphatidylinositol signaling system
KO pathway
LinkDB
All DBs