Entry
Name
Natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity - Rattus norvegicus (rat)
Description
Natural killer (NK) cells are lymphocytes of the innate immune system that are involved in early defenses against both allogeneic (nonself) cells and autologous cells undergoing various forms of stress, such as infection with viruses, bacteria, or parasites or malignant transformation. Although NK cells do not express classical antigen receptors of the immunoglobulin gene family, such as the antibodies produced by B cells or the T cell receptor expressed by T cells, they are equipped with various receptors whose engagement allows them to discriminate between target and nontarget cells. Activating receptors bind ligands on the target cell surface and trigger NK cell activation and target cell lysis. However Inhibitory receptors recognize MHC class I molecules (HLA) and inhibit killing by NK cells by overruling the actions of the activating receptors. This inhibitory signal is lost when the target cells do not express MHC class I and perhaps also in cells infected with virus, which might inhibit MHC class I exprssion or alter its conformation. The mechanism of NK cell killing is the same as that used by the cytotoxic T cells generated in an adaptive immune response; cytotoxic granules are released onto the surface of the bound target cell, and the effector proteins they contain penetrate the cell membrane and induce programmed cell death.
Class
Organismal Systems; Immune system
BRITE hierarchy
Pathway map
rno04650 Natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity
Ortholog table
Other DBs
Organism
Rattus norvegicus (rat) [GN:
rno ]
Gene
353253 Kir3dl1; killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor 3DL1 precursor [KO:K07980 ]
29683 Klrc1; killer cell lectin-like receptor subfamily C, member 1 [KO:K06541 ]
25110 Klrd1; natural killer cells antigen CD94 [KO:K06516 ]
25622 Ptpn11; tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 11 isoform 2 [KO:K07293 ] [EC:3.1.3.48 ]
25464 Icam1; intercellular adhesion molecule 1 precursor [KO:K06490 ]
360647 Icam2; intercellular adhesion molecule 2 precursor [KO:K06523 ]
295378 Vav3; guanine nucleotide exchange factor VAV3 [KO:K05730 ]
296603 Vav2; guanine nucleotide exchange factor VAV2 [KO:K05730 ]
363875 Rac1; ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 [KO:K04392 ]
366957 Rac2; ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 2 [KO:K07860 ]
688319 Rac3; ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 3 [KO:K07861 ]
58960 Map2k2; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 2 [KO:K04369 ] [EC:2.7.12.2 ]
116630 Csf2; granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor precursor [KO:K05427 ]
361537 Tyrobp; TYRO protein tyrosine kinase-binding protein precursor [KO:K07992 ]
116591 Fcgr2a; low affinity immunoglobulin gamma Fc region receptor III isoform 1 [KO:K06463 ]
304966 Fcgr3a; low affinity immunoglobulin gamma Fc region receptor III-A precursor [KO:K06463 ]
117547 Ncr1; natural cytotoxicity triggering receptor 1 precursor [KO:K06741 ]
294251 Ncr3; natural cytotoxicity triggering receptor 3 precursor [KO:K06743 ]
25441 Fcer1g; high affinity immunoglobulin epsilon receptor subunit gamma precursor [KO:K07983 ]
25300 Cd247; T-cell surface glycoprotein CD3 zeta chain isoform 2 precursor [KO:K06453 ]
81511 Lat; linker for activation of T-cells family member 1 [KO:K07362 ]
317676 Lat2; linker for activation of T-cells family member 2 precursor [KO:K26356 ]
25738 Plcg1; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase gamma-1 [KO:K01116 ] [EC:3.1.4.11 ]
29337 Plcg2; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase gamma-2 [KO:K05859 ] [EC:3.1.4.11 ]
305450 Sh3bp2; SH3 domain-binding protein 2 isoform 1 [KO:K07984 ]
85243 Pik3cb; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform [KO:K00922 ] [EC:2.7.1.153 ]
170911 Pik3ca; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K00922 ] [EC:2.7.1.153 ]
366508 Pik3cd; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta isoform [KO:K00922 ] [EC:2.7.1.153 ]
134484121 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform-like [KO:K00922 ] [EC:2.7.1.153 ]
25513 Pik3r1; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit alpha [KO:K02649 ]
60664 Pik3r3; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit gamma [KO:K02649 ]
29741 Pik3r2; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit beta [KO:K02649 ]
85385 Shc1; SHC-transforming protein 1 isoform b [KO:K06279 ]
81504 Grb2; growth factor receptor-bound protein 2 [KO:K04364 ]
367858 Hrasl1; HRas proto-oncogene, GTPase like 1 [KO:K02833 ]
24934 Klrk1; NKG2-D type II integral membrane protein [KO:K06728 ]
474146 Hcst; hematopoietic cell signal transducer precursor [KO:K07988 ]
64025 Cd244l1; natural killer cell receptor 2B4 precursor [KO:K06582 ]
24675 Ppp3cb; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2B catalytic subunit beta isoform [KO:K04348 ] [EC:3.1.3.16 ]
171378 Ppp3cc; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2B catalytic subunit gamma isoform [KO:K04348 ] [EC:3.1.3.16 ]
100361818 Nfatc1; nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 1 isoform 1 [KO:K04446 ]
311658 Nfatc2; nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 2 [KO:K17332 ]
116465 Ifngr1; interferon gamma receptor 1 precursor [KO:K05132 ]
360697 Ifngr2; interferon gamma receptor 2 precursor [KO:K05133 ]
298213 Ifna2; interferon alpha family, gene 2 precursor [KO:K05414 ]
690894 Ifna1; interferon alpha family, gene 5 precursor [KO:K05414 ]
502961 Ifna4l2; similar to Interferon alpha-1 precursor [KO:K05414 ]
500491 Ifna16l1; interferon, alpha 16-like 1 precursor [KO:K05414 ]
502959 Ifna1l1; similar to put. precursor MuIFN-alpha 5 precursor [KO:K05414 ]
288264 Ifnar1; interferon alpha/beta receptor 1 isoform 1 precursor [KO:K05130 ]
686326 Ifnar2; interferon alpha and beta receptor subunit 2 isoform 1 precursor [KO:K05131 ]
246775 Tnfsf10; tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 10 [KO:K04721 ]
25385 Faslg; tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 6 [KO:K04389 ]
246097 Fas; tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 6 precursor [KO:K04390 ]
64625 Bid; BH3-interacting domain death agonist [KO:K04726 ]
292461 Raet1l; retinoic acid early transcript 1L precursor [KO:K07987 ]
292450 Raet1e; retinoic acid early-inducible protein 1-beta [KO:K07987 ]
292458 Raet1c; retinoic acid early-inducible protein 1-gamma [KO:K07987 ]
502217 Raet1d; retinoic acid early-inducible protein 1-gamma-like [KO:K07987 ]
Compound
C01245 D-myo-Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate
C05981 Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate
Reference
Authors
Chiesa S, Tomasello E, Vivier E, Vely F.
Title
Coordination of activating and inhibitory signals in natural killer cells.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Maghazachi AA.
Title
Insights into seven and single transmembrane-spanning domain receptors and their signaling pathways in human natural killer cells.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Vivier E, Nunes JA, Vely F.
Title
Natural killer cell signaling pathways.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Colucci F, Di Santo JP, Leibson PJ.
Title
Natural killer cell activation in mice and men: different triggers for similar weapons?
Journal
Reference
Authors
Perussia B.
Title
Signaling for cytotoxicity.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Smyth MJ, Cretney E, Kelly JM, Westwood JA, Street SE, Yagita H, Takeda K, van Dommelen SL, Degli-Esposti MA, Hayakawa Y.
Title
Activation of NK cell cytotoxicity.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Djeu JY, Jiang K, Wei S.
Title
A view to a kill: signals triggering cytotoxicity.
Journal
Clin Cancer Res 8:636-40 (2002)
Reference
Authors
Smyth MJ, Takeda K, Hayakawa Y, Peschon JJ, van den Brink MR, Yagita H.
Title
Nature's TRAIL--on a path to cancer immunotherapy.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Colonna M.
Title
Fine-tuning NK cell responses: it's a family affair.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Bonnema JD, Leibson PJ.
Title
Signal transduction during NK cell activation.
Journal
Chem Immunol 64:28-43 (1996)
Reference
Authors
Tassi I, Presti R, Kim S, Yokoyama WM, Gilfillan S, Colonna M.
Title
Phospholipase C-gamma 2 is a critical signaling mediator for murine NK cell activating receptors.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Rao A, Luo C, Hogan PG.
Title
Transcription factors of the NFAT family: regulation and function.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Wu J, Lanier LL.
Title
Natural killer cells and cancer.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Cerwenka A, Lanier LL.
Title
Natural killer cells, viruses and cancer.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Blott EJ, Griffiths GM.
Title
Secretory lysosomes.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Lieberman J.
Title
The ABCs of granule-mediated cytotoxicity: new weapons in the arsenal.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Lord SJ, Rajotte RV, Korbutt GS, Bleackley RC.
Title
Granzyme B: a natural born killer.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Liu D, Xu L, Yang F, Li D, Gong F, Xu T.
Title
Rapid biogenesis and sensitization of secretory lysosomes in NK cells mediated by target-cell recognition.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Trotta R, Puorro KA, Paroli M, Azzoni L, Abebe B, Eisenlohr LC, Perussia B.
Title
Dependence of both spontaneous and antibody-dependent, granule exocytosis-mediated NK cell cytotoxicity on extracellular signal-regulated kinases.
Journal
J Immunol 161:6648-56 (1998)
Reference
Authors
Jevremovic D, Billadeau DD, Schoon RA, Dick CJ, Leibson PJ.
Title
Regulation of NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity by the adaptor protein 3BP2.
Journal
Related pathway
rno04060 Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction
KO pathway
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