KEGG   PATHWAY: ipu04210
Entry
ipu04210                    Pathway                                
Name
Apoptosis - Ictalurus punctatus (channel catfish)
Description
Apoptosis is a genetically programmed process for the elimination of damaged or redundant cells by activation of caspases (aspartate-specific cysteine proteases). The onset of apoptosis is controlled by numerous interrelating processes. The 'extrinsic' pathway involves stimulation of members of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor subfamily, such as TNFRI, CD95/Fas or TRAILR (death receptors), located at the cell surface, by their specific ligands, such as TNF-alpha, FasL or TRAIL, respectively. The 'intrinsic' pathway is activated mainly by non-receptor stimuli, such as DNA damage, ER stress, metabolic stress, UV radiation or growth-factor deprivation. The central event in the 'intrinsic' pathway is the mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization (MOMP), which leads to the release of cytochrome c. These two pathways converge at the level of effector caspases, such as caspase-3 and caspase-7. The third major pathway is initiated by the constituents of cytotoxic granules (e.g. Perforin and Granzyme B) that are released by CTLs (cytotoxic T-cells) and NK (natural killer) cells. Granzyme B, similarly to the caspases, cleaves its substrates after aspartic acid residues, suggesting that this protease has the ability to activate members of the caspase family directly. It is the balance between the pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic signals that eventually determines whether cells will undergo apoptosis, survive or proliferate. TNF family of ligands activates anti-apoptotic or cell-survival signals as well as apoptotic signals. NGF and Interleukin-3 promotes the survival, proliferation and differentiation of neurons or hematopoietic cells, respectively. Withdrawal of these growth factors leads to cell death, as described above.
Class
Cellular Processes; Cell growth and death
Pathway map
ipu04210  Apoptosis
ipu04210

Other DBs
GO: 0006915
Organism
Ictalurus punctatus (channel catfish) [GN:ipu]
Gene
108261837  tnfsf10; tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 10 [KO:K04721]
108259907  tnfsf10l4; tumor necrosis factor (ligand) superfamily, member 10 like 4 [KO:K04721]
108255678  hdr; hematopoietic death receptor isoform X1 [KO:K04722]
108279174  tnfrsfa; tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, member a [KO:K04722]
108257517  tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 6 [KO:K04389]
100304627  fas; Fas cell surface death receptor precursor [KO:K04390]
100305064  fadd; protein FADD [KO:K02373]
100304592  tnfa; tumor necrosis factor a (TNF superfamily, member 2) [KO:K03156]
108276487  si:ch211-112c15.8; tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 1A [KO:K03158]
108268297  tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 1A [KO:K03158]
108271009  tumor necrosis factor receptor type 1-associated DEATH domain protein [KO:K03171]
108266354  CASP8 and FADD-like apoptosis regulator isoform X1 [KO:K04724]
108259510  cflara; CASP8 and FADD-like apoptosis regulator a isoform X1 [KO:K04724]
100304635  caspase 8 [KO:K04398] [EC:3.4.22.61]
108273098  casp8; caspase-8 isoform X1 [KO:K04398] [EC:3.4.22.61]
108273129  caspase-8 [KO:K04398] [EC:3.4.22.61]
108266930  casp10; caspase-8 isoform X1 [KO:K04398] [EC:3.4.22.61]
108262887  caspase-6-like [KO:K04396] [EC:3.4.22.59]
108261848  caspase-6 isoform X1 [KO:K04396] [EC:3.4.22.59]
108263800  caspase-6 isoform X1 [KO:K04396] [EC:3.4.22.59]
108262968  caspase-6 [KO:K04396] [EC:3.4.22.59]
128632746  caspase-6-like [KO:K04396] [EC:3.4.22.59]
108260860  casp3a; caspase-3a [KO:K02187] [EC:3.4.22.56]
100528811  casp3b; caspase-3b [KO:K02187] [EC:3.4.22.56]
108273727  caspase-7 isoform X1 [KO:K04397] [EC:3.4.22.60]
108264602  bida; BH3 interacting domain death agonist isoform X1 [KO:K04726]
108270970  zgc:153993; apoptosis regulator BAX [KO:K02159]
100528667  baxa; BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator a [KO:K02159]
108274750  apoptosis regulator BAX [KO:K02159]
108259599  baxb; BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator b isoform X1 [KO:K02159]
128629193  apoptosis regulator BAX-like isoform X1 [KO:K02159]
128629195  apoptosis regulator BAX-like isoform X1 [KO:K02159]
128629196  apoptosis regulator BAX-like isoform X1 [KO:K02159]
128629197  apoptosis regulator BAX-like isoform X1 [KO:K02159]
108279085  diablob; diablo, IAP-binding mitochondrial protein b [KO:K10522]
108278350  diabloa; diablo, IAP-binding mitochondrial protein a [KO:K10522]
108278925  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: septin-5 [KO:K16943]
108280779  septin4b; septin 4b isoform X4 [KO:K16943]
108278924  septin-5-like [KO:K16943]
108263241  serine protease HTRA2, mitochondrial [KO:K08669] [EC:3.4.21.108]
108273362  cytochrome c [KO:K08738]
108274767  apoptotic protease-activating factor 1 isoform X1 [KO:K02084]
108276164  caspase-9 isoform X1 [KO:K04399] [EC:3.4.22.62]
108257020  prf1.3; perforin-1.3 [KO:K07818]
108280710  perforin-1-like precursor [KO:K07818]
108280679  perforin-1 [KO:K07818]
108280689  perforin-1 [KO:K07818]
108280700  perforin-1 isoform X1 [KO:K07818]
108280715  perforin-1 [KO:K07818]
108280723  perforin-1 isoform X2 [KO:K07818]
108280734  perforin-1 [KO:K07818]
108265013  prf1.5; perforin 1.5 [KO:K07818]
100304651  granzyme-like III precursor [KO:K01353] [EC:3.4.21.79]
108267046  granzyme B(G,H) [KO:K01353] [EC:3.4.21.79]
108267045  gzm3.3; granzyme F isoform X1 [KO:K01353] [EC:3.4.21.79]
108255233  tubulin alpha-1A chain [KO:K07374]
108258562  tuba8l2; tubulin, alpha 8 like 2 [KO:K07374]
108256914  tubulin alpha-8 chain isoform X1 [KO:K07374]
108266769  tuba8l3; tubulin, alpha 8 like 3 [KO:K07374]
108275941  tuba1c; tubulin alpha-1C chain [KO:K07374]
108275942  tubulin alpha-1A chain-like [KO:K07374]
108275946  tubulin alpha-1A chain [KO:K07374]
108255063  tubulin alpha-1B chain [KO:K07374]
108268328  tubulin alpha-1A chain isoform X1 [KO:K07374]
108278211  tubulin alpha-1A chain [KO:K07374]
108273468  tubulin alpha-1A chain-like [KO:K07374]
108265838  tuba5; tubulin alpha 5 isoform X2 [KO:K07374]
124628126  tubulin alpha-1A chain [KO:K07374]
128628657  tubulin alpha-1C chain [KO:K07374]
128628737  tubulin alpha-8 chain-like [KO:K07374]
108274846  induced myeloid leukemia cell differentiation protein Mcl-1 [KO:K02539]
108268142  mcl1b; induced myeloid leukemia cell differentiation protein Mcl-1b [KO:K02539]
108258691  actb1; actin, cytoplasmic 1 [KO:K05692]
100526698  actb2; actin, cytoplasmic 2 [KO:K05692]
108278720  spectrin alpha chain, non-erythrocytic 1 isoform X1 [KO:K06114]
108267994  lamin [KO:K12641]
108277260  lamin-B1 isoform X1 [KO:K07611]
108270863  lamin-B2 [KO:K07611]
108270534  lmnl3; lamin L3 isoform X1 [KO:K07611]
108258033  poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase 1 [KO:K24070] [EC:2.4.2.30]
108267508  poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase 2 [KO:K10798] [EC:2.4.2.30]
108266493  protein mono-ADP-ribosyltransferase PARP4 isoform X1 [KO:K10798] [EC:2.4.2.30]
108272170  protein mono-ADP-ribosyltransferase PARP3 [KO:K10798] [EC:2.4.2.30]
108276221  DNA fragmentation factor subunit alpha [KO:K02310]
108265268  DNA fragmentation factor subunit beta [KO:K02311] [EC:3.-.-.-]
108264877  endonuclease G, mitochondrial [KO:K01173]
108259910  apoptosis-inducing factor 1, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K04727] [EC:1.-.-.-]
108278270  serine/threonine-protein kinase/endoribonuclease IRE1 [KO:K08852] [EC:2.7.11.1 3.1.26.-]
108258664  serine/threonine-protein kinase/endoribonuclease IRE1 isoform X1 [KO:K08852] [EC:2.7.11.1 3.1.26.-]
108255825  traf2a; TNF receptor-associated factor 2 isoform X1 [KO:K03173] [EC:2.3.2.27]
108259928  traf2b; TNF receptor-associated factor 2 [KO:K03173] [EC:2.3.2.27]
108254919  itpr1b; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04958]
108271603  itpr1a; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04958]
108264307  inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 2 isoform X1 [KO:K04959]
108265736  inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 3 [KO:K04960]
108267277  capn1; calpain-1 catalytic subunit [KO:K01367] [EC:3.4.22.52]
108278958  si:dkeyp-50d11.2; calpain-1 catalytic subunit isoform X2 [KO:K01367] [EC:3.4.22.52]
108259403  capn1b; calpain-1 catalytic subunit [KO:K01367] [EC:3.4.22.52]
108270103  calpain-1 catalytic subunit [KO:K01367] [EC:3.4.22.52]
108259406  calpain-2 catalytic subunit-like [KO:K03853] [EC:3.4.22.53]
108259404  calpain-2 catalytic subunit [KO:K03853] [EC:3.4.22.53]
108259420  calpain-2 catalytic subunit [KO:K03853] [EC:3.4.22.53]
108263654  eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2-alpha kinase 3 isoform X1 [KO:K08860] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100528138  eif2s1b; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit 1b [KO:K03237]
108273192  atf4a; cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-4 [KO:K04374]
108271880  DNA damage-inducible transcript 3 protein isoform X1 [KO:K04452]
108269890  ctsba; cathepsin B precursor [KO:K01363] [EC:3.4.22.1]
108278259  dipeptidyl peptidase 1 [KO:K01275] [EC:3.4.14.1]
100528208  napsa; napsin-A precursor [KO:K01379] [EC:3.4.23.5]
100862736  ctsd; cathepsin D precursor [KO:K01379] [EC:3.4.23.5]
108268834  ctsf; cathepsin F [KO:K01373] [EC:3.4.22.41]
100305012  ctsh; pro-cathepsin H precursor [KO:K01366] [EC:3.4.22.16]
100528180  ctsk; cathepsin K precursor [KO:K01371] [EC:3.4.22.38]
108274827  ctss1; cathepsin S, ortholog 1 precursor [KO:K01371] [EC:3.4.22.38]
100305013  ctsla; cathepsin La precursor [KO:K01365] [EC:3.4.22.15]
108269855  procathepsin L isoform X1 [KO:K01365] [EC:3.4.22.15]
100528797  catl; cathepsin L precursor [KO:K01365] [EC:3.4.22.15]
108270686  cts12; procathepsin L [KO:K01365] [EC:3.4.22.15]
108269356  cathepsin O [KO:K01374] [EC:3.4.22.42]
108274831  cathepsin S, ortholog 1 isoform X1 [KO:K01368] [EC:3.4.22.27]
100305010  ctss2.1; cathepsin S, ortholog2, tandem duplicate 1 precursor [KO:K01368] [EC:3.4.22.27]
108280169  cathepsin Z [KO:K08568] [EC:3.4.18.1]
108272968  cathepsin Z isoform X1 [KO:K08568] [EC:3.4.18.1]
100304597  birc2; baculoviral IAP repeat-containing protein 2 [KO:K16060]
108269205  xiap; E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase XIAP isoform X1 [KO:K04725] [EC:2.3.2.27]
108269206  E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase XIAP isoform X1 [KO:K04725] [EC:2.3.2.27]
108275580  birc5b; baculoviral IAP repeat-containing protein 5b isoform X1 [KO:K08731]
108273465  birc5a; baculoviral IAP repeat-containing protein 5a [KO:K08731]
108274059  baculoviral IAP repeat-containing protein 5 [KO:K08731]
108263651  bcl-2-like protein 11 isoform X2 [KO:K16341]
108275903  bcl-2-like protein 1 [KO:K04570]
108267470  bcl2b; apoptosis regulator Bcl-2 isoform X1 [KO:K02161]
108256596  bcl2a; apoptosis regulator Bcl-2a [KO:K02161]
108272674  death domain-associated protein 6 isoform X1 [KO:K02308]
108267903  ripk1l; receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 1 isoform X1 [KO:K02861] [EC:2.7.11.1]
108265896  dab2ipa; disabled homolog 2-interacting protein isoform X1 [KO:K19901]
108259889  dab2ipb; DAB2 interacting protein b isoform X1 [KO:K19901]
108268173  si:ch211-1i11.3; mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 5 isoform X3 [KO:K04426] [EC:2.7.11.25]
108257027  mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 5 isoform X1 [KO:K04426] [EC:2.7.11.25]
108278622  mitogen-activated protein kinase 9 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
108274025  mapk8b; mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 isoform X2 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
108263675  mapk8a; mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
108278438  mapk10; mitogen-activated protein kinase 10 isoform X6 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
108278747  bada; uncharacterized protein bada [KO:K02158]
108267538  badb; BCL2 associated agonist of cell death b [KO:K02158]
108267848  transcription factor Jun isoform X1 [KO:K04448]
108258130  jun; transcription factor AP-1 [KO:K04448]
108260086  june; junE proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit [KO:K04448]
108255380  si:ch211-153j24.3; protein c-Fos isoform X1 [KO:K04379]
108278451  fosl1b; protein c-Fos [KO:K04379]
108260991  fosab; v-fos FBJ murine osteosarcoma viral oncogene homolog Ab [KO:K04379]
108269548  fosaa; protein c-Fos [KO:K04379]
100304476  tp53; cellular tumor antigen p53 [KO:K04451]
108267915  cellular tumor antigen p53 isoform X1 [KO:K04451]
108263809  uncharacterized protein LOC108263809 isoform X1 [KO:K04466] [EC:2.7.11.25]
108259239  map3k14a; mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 14 [KO:K04466] [EC:2.7.11.25]
108263650  inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit alpha [KO:K04467] [EC:2.7.11.10]
108265675  inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit beta isoform X1 [KO:K07209] [EC:2.7.11.10]
108275953  NF-kappa-B essential modulator [KO:K07210]
108269796  nfkbiab; nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells inhibitor, alpha b [KO:K04734]
108258222  nfkbiaa; nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells inhibitor, alpha a [KO:K04734]
108277163  nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit isoform X1 [KO:K02580]
108260779  rela; transcription factor p65 [KO:K04735]
108278752  tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 13 isoform X2 [KO:K02374]
108280806  gadd45aa; growth arrest and DNA-damage-inducible, alpha, a [KO:K04402]
108264936  gadd45ga; growth arrest and DNA-damage-inducible, gamma a [KO:K04402]
108278539  gadd45gb.1; growth arrest and DNA-damage-inducible, gamma b, tandem duplicate 1 [KO:K04402]
108278540  growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible protein GADD45 gamma-like [KO:K04402]
108267448  gadd45bb; growth arrest and DNA-damage-inducible, beta b [KO:K04402]
100528927  gadd45ba; growth arrest and DNA-damage-inducible, beta a [KO:K04402]
108272203  gadd45ab; growth arrest and DNA-damage-inducible, alpha, b [KO:K04402]
108264960  traf1; TNF receptor-associated factor 1 [KO:K03172]
108280662  serine-protein kinase ATM [KO:K04728] [EC:2.7.11.1]
108274699  p53-induced death domain-containing protein 1 [KO:K10130]
108276988  phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate-induced protein 1 [KO:K10131]
108268399  caspase-2 isoform X3 [KO:K02186] [EC:3.4.22.55]
108271566  ngfb; nerve growth factor [KO:K02582]
108276493  ngfa; neurotrophin-7 [KO:K02582]
108256584  high affinity nerve growth factor receptor isoform X1 [KO:K03176] [EC:2.7.10.1]
108258364  csf2rb; cytokine receptor common subunit beta isoform X1 [KO:K04738]
108275608  zgc:158659; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform isoform X1 [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
108276156  phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
108280664  phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
108271155  phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
108272037  pik3r3b; phosphoinositide-3-kinase, regulatory subunit 3b (gamma) isoform X1 [KO:K02649]
108260231  phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K02649]
108257355  pdpk1a; 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1a isoform X1 [KO:K06276] [EC:2.7.11.1]
108264442  pdpk1b; 3-phosphoinositide dependent protein kinase 1b [KO:K06276] [EC:2.7.11.1]
108263416  akt3a; RAC-gamma serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X2 [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
108264340  akt2; RAC-beta serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
108269621  RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
108259077  akt3b; RAC-gamma serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X2 [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100528230  hrasa; HRas proto-oncogene, GTPase a [KO:K02833]
108259582  hrasb; HRas proto-oncogene, GTPase b [KO:K02833]
108258948  zgc:55558; GTPase KRas isoform X1 [KO:K07827]
108274959  kras; GTPase KRas isoform X2 [KO:K07827]
100305071  GTPase NRas [KO:K07828]
108276324  raf1a; raf-1 proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase a isoform X5 [KO:K04366] [EC:2.7.11.1]
108255012  raf1b; RAF proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04366] [EC:2.7.11.1]
124627985  dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 [KO:K04368] [EC:2.7.12.2]
100528123  map2k2b; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 2b [KO:K04369] [EC:2.7.12.2]
108271291  map2k2a; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 2a [KO:K04369] [EC:2.7.12.2]
108255782  mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
108256206  mapk3; mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
Compound
C00027  Hydrogen peroxide
C00076  Calcium cation
C00319  Sphingosine
C05981  Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate
Reference
PMID:26615431
  Authors
Savitskaya MA, Onishchenko GE
  Title
Mechanisms of Apoptosis.
  Journal
Biochemistry (Mosc) 80:1393-417 (2015)
DOI:10.1134/S0006297915110012
Reference
PMID:23803157
  Authors
Schleich K, Lavrik IN
  Title
Mathematical modeling of apoptosis.
  Journal
Cell Commun Signal 11:44 (2013)
DOI:10.1186/1478-811X-11-44
Reference
PMID:15654015
  Authors
Lavrik I, Golks A, Krammer PH
  Title
Death receptor signaling.
  Journal
J Cell Sci 118:265-7 (2005)
DOI:10.1242/jcs.01610
Reference
PMID:15725726
  Authors
Jin Z, El-Deiry WS
  Title
Overview of cell death signaling pathways.
  Journal
Cancer Biol Ther 4:139-63 (2005)
DOI:10.4161/cbt.4.2.1508
Reference
PMID:15322527
  Authors
Benn SC, Woolf CJ
  Title
Adult neuron survival strategies--slamming on the brakes.
  Journal
Nat Rev Neurosci 5:686-700 (2004)
DOI:10.1038/nrn1477
Reference
PMID:12838338
  Authors
Orrenius S, Zhivotovsky B, Nicotera P
  Title
Regulation of cell death: the calcium-apoptosis link.
  Journal
Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 4:552-65 (2003)
DOI:10.1038/nrm1150
Reference
PMID:19148180
  Authors
Clarke P, Tyler KL
  Title
Apoptosis in animal models of virus-induced disease.
  Journal
Nat Rev Microbiol 7:144-55 (2009)
DOI:10.1038/nrmicro2071
Reference
PMID:22429822
  Authors
Wen X, Lin ZQ, Liu B, Wei YQ
  Title
Caspase-mediated programmed cell death pathways as potential therapeutic targets in cancer.
  Journal
Cell Prolif 45:217-24 (2012)
DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2184.2012.00814.x
Reference
PMID:25526085
  Authors
Shalini S, Dorstyn L, Dawar S, Kumar S
  Title
Old, new and emerging functions of caspases.
  Journal
Cell Death Differ 22:526-39 (2015)
DOI:10.1038/cdd.2014.216
Reference
PMID:15601572
  Authors
Philchenkov A
  Title
Caspases: potential targets for regulating cell death.
  Journal
J Cell Mol Med 8:432-44 (2004)
DOI:10.1111/j.1582-4934.2004.tb00468.x
Reference
PMID:9894605
  Authors
Stroh C, Schulze-Osthoff K
  Title
Death by a thousand cuts: an ever increasing list of caspase substrates.
  Journal
Cell Death Differ 5:997-1000 (1998)
DOI:10.1038/sj.cdd.4400451
Reference
PMID:23070002
  Authors
Safa AR
  Title
c-FLIP, a master anti-apoptotic regulator.
  Journal
Exp Oncol 34:176-84 (2012)
Reference
PMID:18304445
  Authors
Jeong SY, Seol DW
  Title
The role of mitochondria in apoptosis.
  Journal
BMB Rep 41:11-22 (2008)
DOI:10.5483/bmbrep.2008.41.1.011
Reference
PMID:20533903
  Authors
Parsons MJ, Green DR
  Title
Mitochondria in cell death.
  Journal
Essays Biochem 47:99-114 (2010)
DOI:10.1042/bse0470099
Reference
PMID:15719025
  Authors
Strasser A
  Title
The role of BH3-only proteins in the immune system.
  Journal
Nat Rev Immunol 5:189-200 (2005)
DOI:10.1038/nri1568
Reference
PMID:24278747
  Authors
Schonthal AH
  Title
Endoplasmic reticulum stress: its role in disease and novel prospects for therapy.
  Journal
Scientifica (Cairo) 2012:857516 (2012)
DOI:10.6064/2012/857516
Reference
PMID:21145844
  Authors
Malhi H, Kaufman RJ
  Title
Endoplasmic reticulum stress in liver disease.
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Related
pathway
ipu04010  MAPK signaling pathway
ipu04020  Calcium signaling pathway
ipu04115  p53 signaling pathway
ipu04141  Protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum
KO pathway
ko04210   
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