KEGG   PATHWAY: dord04072
Entry
dord04072                   Pathway                                
Name
Phospholipase D signaling pathway - Dipodomys ordii (Ord's kangaroo rat)
Description
Phospholipase D (PLD) is an essential enzyme responsible for the production of the lipid second messenger phosphatidic acid (PA), which is involved in fundamental cellular processes, including membrane trafficking, actin cytoskeleton remodeling, cell proliferation and cell survival. PLD activity can be stimulated by a large number of cell surface receptors and is elaborately regulated by intracellular factors, including protein kinase C isoforms, small GTPases of the ARF, Rho and Ras families and the phosphoinositide, phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2). The PLD-produced PA activates signaling proteins and acts as a node within the membrane to which signaling proteins translocate. Several signaling proteins, including Raf-1 and mTOR, directly bind PA to mediate translocation or activation, respectively.
Class
Environmental Information Processing; Signal transduction
Pathway map
dord04072  Phospholipase D signaling pathway
dord04072

Organism
Dipodomys ordii (Ord's kangaroo rat) [GN:dord]
Gene
105991200  Egf; pro-epidermal growth factor [KO:K04357]
105990925  Pdgfa; platelet-derived growth factor subunit A isoform X1 [KO:K04359]
105992028  Pdgfb; platelet-derived growth factor subunit B [KO:K17386]
105980590  Pdgfd; platelet-derived growth factor D [KO:K05450]
105995943  Pdgfc; platelet-derived growth factor C [KO:K05450]
105987557  Kitlg; kit ligand [KO:K05461]
105989171  Ins; insulin [KO:K04526]
106000675  Egfr; epidermal growth factor receptor [KO:K04361] [EC:2.7.10.1]
105980318  Pdgfra; platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04363] [EC:2.7.10.1]
105992616  Pdgfrb; platelet-derived growth factor receptor beta [KO:K05089] [EC:2.7.10.1]
105980320  Kit; mast/stem cell growth factor receptor Kit isoform X1 [KO:K05091] [EC:2.7.10.1]
105998714  Insr; insulin receptor [KO:K04527] [EC:2.7.10.1]
106003155  Grb2; growth factor receptor-bound protein 2 [KO:K04364]
105995676  Gab1; GRB2-associated-binding protein 1 [KO:K09593]
105983945  Gab2; GRB2-associated-binding protein 2 [KO:K08091]
105984949  Shc1; SHC-transforming protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K06279]
105990314  Shc2; SHC-transforming protein 2 [KO:K17447]
105990929  Shc3; SHC-transforming protein 3 [KO:K17448]
105980977  Shc4; SHC-transforming protein 4 [KO:K17449]
105990684  Ptpn11; tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 11 isoform X1 [KO:K07293] [EC:3.1.3.48]
105986795  Sos1; son of sevenless homolog 1 [KO:K03099]
105982575  Sos2; son of sevenless homolog 2 [KO:K03099]
105998617  Hras; GTPase HRas isoform X1 [KO:K02833]
105992272  Kras; GTPase KRas isoform X1 [KO:K07827]
105991947  Nras; GTPase NRas [KO:K07828]
105999606  Mras; ras-related protein M-Ras [KO:K07831]
105994295  Rras; ras-related protein R-Ras [KO:K07829]
105999194  Rras2; ras-related protein R-Ras2 isoform X1 [KO:K07830]
105987223  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: ral guanine nucleotide dissociation stimulator-like [KO:K08732]
105993771  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: ral guanine nucleotide dissociation stimulator-like [KO:K08732]
105989429  Ralgds; ral guanine nucleotide dissociation stimulator isoform X1 [KO:K08732]
105998338  Rala; ras-related protein Ral-A [KO:K07834]
105988915  Ralb; ras-related protein Ral-B [KO:K07835]
105999080  Pik3cd; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
105999614  Pik3cb; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
106000559  phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta isoform-like isoform X1 [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
106001473  Pik3ca; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform isoform X1 [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
105985370  Pik3r1; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K02649]
105986178  Pik3r3; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit gamma [KO:K02649]
105986533  Akt3; RAC-gamma serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
105983045  Akt1; RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
105998099  Akt2; RAC-beta serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
105989408  Tsc1; hamartin isoform X1 [KO:K07206]
105982089  Tsc2; tuberin isoform X1 [KO:K07207]
105993854  Rheb; GTP-binding protein Rheb [KO:K07208]
105997410  Mtor; serine/threonine-protein kinase mTOR [KO:K07203] [EC:2.7.11.1]
105994567  Rhoa; transforming protein RhoA [KO:K04513]
105985242  Arf1; ADP-ribosylation factor 1 [KO:K07937]
105998550  ADP-ribosylation factor 2 [KO:K07937]
105982645  Arf6; ADP-ribosylation factor 6 [KO:K07941]
105981663  Plcg1; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase gamma-1 [KO:K01116] [EC:3.1.4.11]
105982979  Plcg2; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase gamma-2 [KO:K05859] [EC:3.1.4.11]
105996473  Fcer1a; high affinity immunoglobulin epsilon receptor subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K08089]
105995295  Ms4a2; high affinity immunoglobulin epsilon receptor subunit beta [KO:K08090]
105998151  Fyn; tyrosine-protein kinase Fyn [KO:K05703] [EC:2.7.10.2]
105993222  Syk; tyrosine-protein kinase SYK isoform X1 [KO:K05855] [EC:2.7.10.2]
106003156  Prkca; protein kinase C alpha type [KO:K02677] [EC:2.7.11.13]
105985564  Pld1; phospholipase D1 [KO:K01115] [EC:3.1.4.4]
105983544  Pld2; phospholipase D2 isoform X1 [KO:K01115] [EC:3.1.4.4]
105980999  Pla2g4e; cytosolic phospholipase A2 epsilon [KO:K16342] [EC:3.1.1.4]
105981078  Pla2g4d; cytosolic phospholipase A2 delta [KO:K16342] [EC:3.1.1.4]
105981182  cytosolic phospholipase A2 beta-like [KO:K16342] [EC:3.1.1.4]
105989682  Pla2g4a; cytosolic phospholipase A2 [KO:K16342] [EC:3.1.1.4]
106000934  Pla2g4c; cytosolic phospholipase A2 gamma [KO:K16342] [EC:3.1.1.4]
105995604  Agpat2; 1-acyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase beta [KO:K13509] [EC:2.3.1.51]
105999870  Agpat1; 1-acyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase alpha [KO:K13509] [EC:2.3.1.51]
105991818  Agpat4; 1-acyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase delta [KO:K13523] [EC:2.3.1.51 2.3.1.-]
105994003  Agpat3; 1-acyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase gamma [KO:K13523] [EC:2.3.1.51 2.3.1.-]
105991562  Agpat5; 1-acyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase epsilon [KO:K19007] [EC:2.3.1.51]
105994375  Sphk2; sphingosine kinase 2 [KO:K04718] [EC:2.7.1.91]
106001315  Sphk1; sphingosine kinase 1 [KO:K04718] [EC:2.7.1.91]
105981244  Raf1; RAF proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04366] [EC:2.7.11.1]
105981136  Map2k1; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 [KO:K04368] [EC:2.7.12.2]
105990471  Map2k2; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 2 [KO:K04369] [EC:2.7.12.2]
105981830  Mapk3; mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
105997225  Mapk1; mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
105984733  Pip5k1a; phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate 5-kinase type-1 alpha [KO:K00889] [EC:2.7.1.68]
105990441  Pip5k1c; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate 5-kinase type-1 gamma [KO:K00889] [EC:2.7.1.68]
105987270  Pip5k1b; phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate 5-kinase type-1 beta isoform X1 [KO:K00889] [EC:2.7.1.68]
105990350  Dgkd; diacylglycerol kinase delta [KO:K00901] [EC:2.7.1.107]
105996027  Dgkz; diacylglycerol kinase zeta [KO:K00901] [EC:2.7.1.107]
105991252  Dgkq; diacylglycerol kinase theta [KO:K00901] [EC:2.7.1.107]
105991376  Dgkb; diacylglycerol kinase beta isoform X1 [KO:K00901] [EC:2.7.1.107]
105987129  Dgka; diacylglycerol kinase alpha [KO:K00901] [EC:2.7.1.107]
105989458  Dgki; diacylglycerol kinase iota [KO:K00901] [EC:2.7.1.107]
105994682  Dgkh; diacylglycerol kinase eta isoform X1 [KO:K00901] [EC:2.7.1.107]
105997820  Dgkk; diacylglycerol kinase kappa [KO:K00901] [EC:2.7.1.107]
105999683  Dgkg; diacylglycerol kinase gamma [KO:K00901] [EC:2.7.1.107]
106001678  Dgke; diacylglycerol kinase epsilon [KO:K00901] [EC:2.7.1.107]
105990482  Ppap2c; lipid phosphate phosphohydrolase 2 [KO:K01080] [EC:3.1.3.4]
105987356  Ppap2a; lipid phosphate phosphohydrolase 1 isoform X1 [KO:K01080] [EC:3.1.3.4]
105989998  Ppap2b; lipid phosphate phosphohydrolase 3 [KO:K01080] [EC:3.1.3.4]
105996039  F2; prothrombin [KO:K01313] [EC:3.4.21.5]
105984546  Agt; angiotensinogen [KO:K09821]
105981454  Avp; vasopressin-neurophysin 2-copeptin [KO:K05242]
105988541  Cxcl8; interleukin-8 [KO:K10030]
105996000  Agtr1; type-1 angiotensin II receptor [KO:K04166]
105992430  F2r; proteinase-activated receptor 1 [KO:K03914]
105993642  Grm1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 [KO:K04603]
105994550  Grm2; metabotropic glutamate receptor 2 [KO:K04605]
105992929  Grm3; metabotropic glutamate receptor 3 [KO:K04606]
105995756  Grm4; metabotropic glutamate receptor 4 [KO:K04607]
105983955  Grm5; metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 [KO:K04604]
105996685  Grm6; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: metabotropic glutamate receptor 6 [KO:K04608]
105981305  Grm7; metabotropic glutamate receptor 7 isoform X1 [KO:K04609]
105988342  Grm8; metabotropic glutamate receptor 8 isoform X1 [KO:K04610]
105990704  Avpr1a; vasopressin V1a receptor [KO:K04226]
105986486  Avpr1b; vasopressin V1b receptor [KO:K04227]
106000127  Avpr2; vasopressin V2 receptor isoform X1 [KO:K04228]
105990815  Lpar1; lysophosphatidic acid receptor 1 [KO:K04289]
105994766  Lpar2; lysophosphatidic acid receptor 2 [KO:K04291]
105987032  Lpar3; lysophosphatidic acid receptor 3 isoform X1 [KO:K04294]
105995228  Lpar4; lysophosphatidic acid receptor 4 [KO:K04275]
105991076  Lpar5; lysophosphatidic acid receptor 5 [KO:K08390]
105980493  Lpar6; lysophosphatidic acid receptor 6 [KO:K04273]
105987165  Ptgfr; prostaglandin F2-alpha receptor [KO:K04262]
105997020  Cxcr1; C-X-C chemokine receptor type 1 [KO:K04175]
106001970  Cxcr2; C-X-C chemokine receptor type 2 [KO:K05050]
105981148  Plcb2; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-2 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
105981715  Plcb1; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-1 isoform X1 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
105981749  Plcb4; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-4 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
105989246  Plcb3; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-3 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
105990866  Gna12; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit alpha-12 [KO:K04346]
105991587  Ptk2b; protein-tyrosine kinase 2-beta isoform X1 [KO:K05871] [EC:2.7.10.2]
106003117  Gna13; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit alpha-13 [KO:K04639]
105999671  Pik3cg; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit gamma isoform isoform X1 [KO:K21289] [EC:2.7.1.153]
105983204  Pik3r5; phosphoinositide 3-kinase regulatory subunit 5 isoform X1 [KO:K21290]
105983274  Pik3r6; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: phosphoinositide 3-kinase regulatory subunit 6 [KO:K21290]
105990994  Cyth3; cytohesin-3 [KO:K18441]
105992115  Cyth4; cytohesin-4 [KO:K18441]
105994389  Cyth2; cytohesin-2 [KO:K18441]
106003179  Cyth1; cytohesin-1 [KO:K18441]
105991666  Gnas; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(s) subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04632]
105991667  neuroendocrine secretory protein 55-like [KO:K04632]
105998287  Adcy1; adenylate cyclase type 1 [KO:K08041] [EC:4.6.1.1]
105983849  Adcy2; adenylate cyclase type 2 [KO:K08042] [EC:4.6.1.1]
105983683  Adcy3; adenylate cyclase type 3 isoform X1 [KO:K08043] [EC:4.6.1.1]
105992475  Adcy4; adenylate cyclase type 4 [KO:K08044] [EC:4.6.1.1]
105987907  Adcy5; adenylate cyclase type 5 [KO:K08045] [EC:4.6.1.1]
105987548  Adcy6; adenylate cyclase type 6 [KO:K08046] [EC:4.6.1.1]
105994440  Adcy7; adenylate cyclase type 7 isoform X1 [KO:K08047] [EC:4.6.1.1]
105992323  Adcy8; adenylate cyclase type 8 isoform X1 [KO:K08048] [EC:4.6.1.1]
105981874  Adcy9; adenylate cyclase type 9 [KO:K08049] [EC:4.6.1.1]
105987528  Rapgef3; rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 3 [KO:K08014]
105996072  Rapgef4; rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 4 isoform X1 [KO:K04351]
105985148  Dnm3; dynamin-3 [KO:K01528] [EC:3.6.5.5]
105989339  Dnm1; dynamin-1 isoform X1 [KO:K01528] [EC:3.6.5.5]
105999105  Dnm2; dynamin-2 isoform X1 [KO:K23484] [EC:3.6.5.5]
Compound
C00025  L-Glutamate
C00076  Calcium cation
C00165  Diacylglycerol
C00416  Phosphatidate
C00575  3',5'-Cyclic AMP
C00639  Prostaglandin F2alpha
C00681  1-Acyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate
C01245  D-myo-Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate
C04637  1-Phosphatidyl-D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate
C05981  Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate
C06124  Sphingosine 1-phosphate
Reference
PMID:17245604
  Authors
Oude Weernink PA, Lopez de Jesus M, Schmidt M
  Title
Phospholipase D signaling: orchestration by PIP2 and small GTPases.
  Journal
Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 374:399-411 (2007)
DOI:10.1007/s00210-007-0131-4
Reference
PMID:21936578
  Authors
Selvy PE, Lavieri RR, Lindsley CW, Brown HA
  Title
Phospholipase D: enzymology, functionality, and chemical modulation.
  Journal
Chem Rev 111:6064-119 (2011)
DOI:10.1021/cr200296t
Reference
PMID:24995811
  Authors
Brandenburg LO, Pufe T, Koch T
  Title
Role of phospholipase d in g-protein coupled receptor function.
  Journal
Membranes (Basel) 4:302-18 (2014)
DOI:10.3390/membranes4030302
Reference
PMID:17054901
  Authors
Oude Weernink PA, Han L, Jakobs KH, Schmidt M
  Title
Dynamic phospholipid signaling by G protein-coupled receptors.
  Journal
Biochim Biophys Acta 1768:888-900 (2007)
DOI:10.1016/j.bbamem.2006.09.012
Reference
PMID:24990952
  Authors
Foster DA, Salloum D, Menon D, Frias MA
  Title
Phospholipase D and the maintenance of phosphatidic acid levels for regulation of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR).
  Journal
J Biol Chem 289:22583-8 (2014)
DOI:10.1074/jbc.R114.566091
Reference
PMID:16143829
  Authors
Jenkins GM, Frohman MA
  Title
Phospholipase D: a lipid centric review.
  Journal
Cell Mol Life Sci 62:2305-16 (2005)
DOI:10.1007/s00018-005-5195-z
Reference
PMID:19815110
  Authors
Metcalfe DD, Peavy RD, Gilfillan AM
  Title
Mechanisms of mast cell signaling in anaphylaxis.
  Journal
J Allergy Clin Immunol 124:639-46; quiz 647-8 (2009)
DOI:10.1016/j.jaci.2009.08.035
Reference
PMID:18936782
  Authors
Kalesnikoff J, Galli SJ
  Title
New developments in mast cell biology.
  Journal
Nat Immunol 9:1215-23 (2008)
DOI:10.1038/ni.f.216
Reference
PMID:12217395
  Authors
Cockcroft S, Way G, O'Luanaigh N, Pardo R, Sarri E, Fensome A
  Title
Signalling role for ARF and phospholipase D in mast cell exocytosis stimulated by crosslinking of the high affinity FcepsilonR1 receptor.
  Journal
Mol Immunol 38:1277-82 (2002)
DOI:10.1016/S0161-5890(02)00075-5
Reference
PMID:19410013
  Authors
Lee CS, Kim KL, Jang JH, Choi YS, Suh PG, Ryu SH
  Title
The roles of phospholipase D in EGFR signaling.
  Journal
Biochim Biophys Acta 1791:862-8 (2009)
DOI:10.1016/j.bbalip.2009.04.007
Reference
PMID:16622417
  Authors
Lee CS, Kim IS, Park JB, Lee MN, Lee HY, Suh PG, Ryu SH
  Title
The phox homology domain of phospholipase D activates dynamin GTPase activity and accelerates EGFR endocytosis.
  Journal
Nat Cell Biol 8:477-84 (2006)
DOI:10.1038/ncb1401
Reference
PMID:14769825
  Authors
Kam Y, Exton JH
  Title
Role of phospholipase D1 in the regulation of mTOR activity by lysophosphatidic acid.
  Journal
FASEB J 18:311-9 (2004)
DOI:10.1096/fj.03-0731com
Reference
PMID:9310372
  Authors
Kozawa O, Blume-Jensen P, Heldin CH, Ronnstrand L
  Title
Involvement of phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase in stem-cell-factor-induced phospholipase D activation and arachidonic acid release.
  Journal
Eur J Biochem 248:149-55 (1997)
DOI:10.1111/j.1432-1033.1997.00149.x
Reference
PMID:11042115
  Authors
Slaaby R, Du G, Altshuller YM, Frohman MA, Seedorf K
  Title
Insulin-induced phospholipase D1 and phospholipase D2 activity in human embryonic kidney-293 cells mediated by the phospholipase C gamma and protein kinase C alpha signalling cascade.
  Journal
Biochem J 351 Pt 3:613-9 (2000)
DOI:10.1042/bj3510613
Reference
PMID:11991733
  Authors
Fahimi-Vahid M, Gosau N, Michalek C, Han L, Jakobs KH, Schmidt M, Roberts N, Avkiran M, Wieland T
  Title
Distinct signaling pathways mediate cardiomyocyte phospholipase D stimulation by endothelin-1 and thrombin.
  Journal
J Mol Cell Cardiol 34:441-53 (2002)
DOI:10.1006/jmcc.2002.1525
Reference
PMID:10666319
  Authors
Freeman EJ
  Title
The Ang II-induced growth of vascular smooth muscle cells involves a phospholipase D-mediated signaling mechanism.
  Journal
Arch Biochem Biophys 374:363-70 (2000)
DOI:10.1006/abbi.1999.1608
Reference
PMID:9119890
  Authors
Naro F, Donchenko V, Minotti S, Zolla L, Molinaro M, Adamo S
  Title
Role of phospholipase C and D signalling pathways in vasopressin-dependent myogenic differentiation.
  Journal
J Cell Physiol 171:34-42 (1997)
DOI:10.1002/(SICI)1097-4652(199704)171:1<34::AID-JCP5>3.0.CO;2-I
Reference
PMID:10807766
  Authors
Murdoch C, Finn A
  Title
Chemokine receptors and their role in inflammation and infectious diseases.
  Journal
Blood 95:3032-43 (2000)
Reference
PMID:8135758
  Authors
Sugiyama T, Sakai T, Nozawa Y, Oka N
  Title
Prostaglandin F2 alpha-stimulated phospholipase D activation in osteoblast-like MC3T3-E1 cells: involvement in sustained 1,2-diacylglycerol production.
  Journal
Biochem J 298 ( Pt 2):479-84 (1994)
DOI:10.1042/bj2980479
Reference
PMID:17210675
  Authors
Foster DA
  Title
Regulation of mTOR by phosphatidic acid?
  Journal
Cancer Res 67:1-4 (2007)
DOI:10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-06-3016
Reference
PMID:15310762
  Authors
Delon C, Manifava M, Wood E, Thompson D, Krugmann S, Pyne S, Ktistakis NT
  Title
Sphingosine kinase 1 is an intracellular effector of phosphatidic acid.
  Journal
J Biol Chem 279:44763-74 (2004)
DOI:10.1074/jbc.M405771200
Reference
PMID:23076158
  Authors
Park JB, Lee CS, Jang JH, Ghim J, Kim YJ, You S, Hwang D, Suh PG, Ryu SH
  Title
Phospholipase signalling networks in cancer.
  Journal
Nat Rev Cancer 12:782-92 (2012)
DOI:10.1038/nrc3379
Reference
PMID:19264150
  Authors
Foster DA
  Title
Phosphatidic acid signaling to mTOR: signals for the survival of human cancer cells.
  Journal
Biochim Biophys Acta 1791:949-55 (2009)
DOI:10.1016/j.bbalip.2009.02.009
Related
pathway
dord00561  Glycerolipid metabolism
dord04010  MAPK signaling pathway
dord04014  Ras signaling pathway
dord04020  Calcium signaling pathway
dord04024  cAMP signaling pathway
dord04071  Sphingolipid signaling pathway
dord04144  Endocytosis
dord04150  mTOR signaling pathway
dord04151  PI3K-Akt signaling pathway
dord04664  Fc epsilon RI signaling pathway
KO pathway
ko04072   
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