Entry Name Ras signaling pathway
Description The Ras proteins are GTPases that function as molecular switches for signaling pathways regulating cell proliferation, survival, growth, migration, differentiation or cytoskeletal dynamism. Ras proteins transduce signals from extracellular growth factors by cycling between inactive GDP-bound and active GTP-bound states. The exchange of GTP for GDP on RAS is regulated by guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) and GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs). Activated RAS (RAS-GTP) regulates multiple cellular functions through effectors including Raf, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and Ral guanine nucleotide-dissociation stimulator (RALGDS).
Class Environmental Information Processing; Signal transductionBRITE hierarchy
Pathway map Ortholog table Other DBs Orthology K04357 epidermal growth factor
K08774 transforming growth factor, alpha
K18496 fibroblast growth factor 1
K18497 fibroblast growth factor 2
K04358 fibroblast growth factor
K22603 fibroblast growth factor 19
K22429 fibroblast growth factor 21
K22428 fibroblast growth factor 23
K05451 nerve growth factor, alpha
K02582 nerve growth factor, beta
K04355 brain-derived neurotrophic factor
K05459 insulin-like growth factor 1
K13769 insulin-like growth factor 2
K04359 platelet-derived growth factor subunit A
K17386 platelet-derived growth factor subunit B
K05450 platelet derived growth factor C/D
K05453 macrophage colony-stimulating factor 1
K05454 fms-related tyrosine kinase 3 ligand
K05448 vascular endothelial growth factor A
K16858 vascular endothelial growth factor B
K05449 vascular endothelial growth factor C/D
K05460 hepatocyte growth factor
K02583 tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 16
K04364 growth factor receptor-bound protein 2
K09593 GRB2-associated-binding protein 1
K08091 GRB2-associated-binding protein 2
K06279 SHC-transforming protein 1
K17447 SHC-transforming protein 2
K17448 SHC-transforming protein 3
K17449 SHC-transforming protein 4
K07293 tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 11 [EC:3.1.3.48 ]
K04350 RAS guanyl-releasing protein 1
K12361 RAS guanyl-releasing protein 2
K12362 RAS guanyl-releasing protein 3
K12363 RAS guanyl-releasing protein 4
K10784 T cell receptor alpha chain V region
K10785 T-cell receptor beta chain V region
K07362 linker for activation of T cells family member 1
K04163 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 7
K04536 guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-1
K04537 guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-2
K07825 guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-3
K04538 guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit beta-4
K04539 guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit beta-5
K07826 guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-2
K04540 guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-3
K04541 guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-4
K04542 guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-5
K04543 guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-7
K04544 guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-8
K04545 guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-10
K04546 guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-11
K04347 guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-12
K04547 guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-13
K04548 guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(T) subunit gamma-T1
K04549 guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-T2
K04349 Ras-specific guanine nucleotide-releasing factor 1
K12326 Ras-specific guanine nucleotide-releasing factor 2
K05208 glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1
K05209 glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A
K05210 glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2B
K07831 Ras-related protein M-Ras
K07829 Ras-related protein R-Ras
K07830 Ras-related protein R-Ras2
K04352 Ras GTPase-activating protein 1
K08053 Ras GTPase-activating protein 2
K12380 Ras GTPase-activating protein 3
K17630 Ras GTPase-activating protein 4
K17631 Ras/Rap GTPase-activating protein SynGAP
K17632 RAS protein activator-like 1
K17633 RAS protein activator-like 2
K17634 RAS protein activator-like 3
K09850 Ras association domain-containing protein 1
K08015 Ras association domain-containing protein 5
K04411 serine/threonine kinase 4
K05731 T-lymphoma invasion and metastasis-inducing protein 1
K04392 Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1
K07860 Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 2
K07861 Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 3
K04513 Ras homolog gene family, member A
K00922 phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha/beta/delta [EC:2.7.1.153 ]
K02649 phosphoinositide-3-kinase regulatory subunit alpha/beta/delta
K07210 inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit gamma
K04467 inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit alpha [EC:2.7.11.10 ]
K07209 inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit beta [EC:2.7.11.10 ]
K02580 nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit
K04735 transcription factor p65
K02158 Bcl-2-antagonist of cell death
K04570 Bcl-2-like 1 (apoptosis regulator Bcl-X)
K12358 forkhead box protein O4
K04389 tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 6
K25768 Ral GTPase-activating protein subunit alpha
K25769 Ral GTPase-activating protein subunit beta
K08732 ral guanine nucleotide dissociation stimulator
K17635 ral guanine nucleotide dissociation stimulator-like 1
K17636 ral guanine nucleotide dissociation stimulator-like 2
K07834 Ras-related protein Ral-A
K07835 Ras-related protein Ral-B
K17637 exocyst complex component 2
K09254 c-Rel proto-oncogene protein
K04440 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8/9/10 (c-Jun N-terminal kinase) [EC:2.7.11.24 ]
K04393 cell division control protein 42
K19613 leucine-rich repeat protein SHOC2
K04366 RAF proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase [EC:2.7.11.1 ]
K04375 ETS domain-containing protein Elk-1
K14958 kinase suppressor of Ras 1
K08019 Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 5
K04353 Ras-related protein Rap-1A
K07836 Ras-related protein Rap-1B
K17638 Ras and Rab interactor 1
K07887 Ras-related protein Rab-5A
K07888 Ras-related protein Rab-5B
K07889 Ras-related protein Rab-5C
K07941 ADP-ribosylation factor 6
Compound C01245 D-myo-Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate
C05981 Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate
Reference Authors Karnoub AE, Weinberg RA
Title Ras oncogenes: split personalities.
Journal Reference Authors Malumbres M, Barbacid M
Title RAS oncogenes: the first 30 years.
Journal Reference Authors Cox AD, Der CJ
Title Ras history: The saga continues.
Journal Reference Authors Cox AD, Der CJ
Title Ras family signaling: therapeutic targeting.
Journal Reference Authors Rajalingam K, Schreck R, Rapp UR, Albert S
Title Ras oncogenes and their downstream targets.
Journal Reference Authors Schubbert S, Shannon K, Bollag G
Title Hyperactive Ras in developmental disorders and cancer.
Journal Reference Authors Poulogiannis G, Luo F, Arends MJ
Title RAS signalling in the colorectum in health and disease.
Journal Reference Authors Berndt N, Hamilton AD, Sebti SM
Title Targeting protein prenylation for cancer therapy.
Journal Reference Authors Overmeyer JH, Maltese WA
Title Death pathways triggered by activated Ras in cancer cells.
Journal Front Biosci (Landmark Ed) 16:1693-713 (2011)
DOI:
10.2741/3814 Reference Authors Rodriguez-Viciana P, Tetsu O, Oda K, Okada J, Rauen K, McCormick F
Title Cancer targets in the Ras pathway.
Journal Reference Authors Cox AD, Der CJ
Title The dark side of Ras: regulation of apoptosis.
Journal Reference Authors Braun BS, Shannon K
Title Targeting Ras in myeloid leukemias.
Journal Reference Authors Pino MS, Chung DC
Title The chromosomal instability pathway in colon cancer.
Journal Reference Authors Schrader JW, Schallhorn A, Grill B, Guo X
Title Activation of small GTPases of the Ras and Rho family by growth factors active on mast cells.
Journal Reference Authors Ahearn IM, Haigis K, Bar-Sagi D, Philips MR
Title Regulating the regulator: post-translational modification of RAS.
Journal Reference Authors Ehrhardt GR, Korherr C, Wieler JS, Knaus M, Schrader JW
Title A novel potential effector of M-Ras and p21 Ras negatively regulates p21 Ras-mediated gene induction and cell growth.
Journal Reference Authors Goldfinger LE, Ptak C, Jeffery ED, Shabanowitz J, Hunt DF, Ginsberg MH
Title RLIP76 (RalBP1) is an R-Ras effector that mediates adhesion-dependent Rac activation and cell migration.
Journal Reference Authors Kortum RL, Rouquette-Jazdanian AK, Samelson LE
Title Ras and extracellular signal-regulated kinase signaling in thymocytes and T cells.
Journal Reference Authors Roberts DM, Anderson AL, Hidaka M, Swetenburg RL, Patterson C, Stanford WL, Bautch VL
Title A vascular gene trap screen defines RasGRP3 as an angiogenesis-regulated gene required for the endothelial response to phorbol esters.
Journal Reference Authors Reuther GW, Der CJ
Title The Ras branch of small GTPases: Ras family members don't fall far from the tree.
Journal Reference Authors Fernandez-Medarde A, Santos E
Title The RasGrf family of mammalian guanine nucleotide exchange factors.
Journal Reference Authors Iwashita S, Song SY
Title RasGAPs: a crucial regulator of extracellular stimuli for homeostasis of cellular functions.
Journal Reference Authors Ory S, Morrison DK
Title Signal transduction: implications for Ras-dependent ERK signaling.
Journal Reference Authors Matheny SA, White MA
Title Signaling threshold regulation by the Ras effector IMP.
Journal Reference Authors Lemmon MA, Schlessinger J
Title Cell signaling by receptor tyrosine kinases.
Journal Reference Authors Skaper SD
Title The neurotrophin family of neurotrophic factors: an overview.
Journal Reference Authors Apken LH, Oeckinghaus A
Title The RAL signaling network: Cancer and beyond.
Journal Related ko04660 T cell receptor signaling pathway
ko04810 Regulation of actin cytoskeleton
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