Entry
Name
Chemical carcinogenesis - reactive oxygen species - Mus musculus (house mouse)
Description
It is well established that cancer is a multi-step process which involves initiation, promotion and progression. Chemical carcinogens can alter any of these processes to induce their carcinogenic effects. In the majority of instances, chemical carcinogens, directly or after xenobiotic metabolism, induce DNA damage and act in a 'genotoxic' manner. There is, however, a group of carcinogens that induce cancer via nongenotoxic mechanisms. The biochemical modes of action for nongenotoxic carcinogens are diverse, one example of which is induction of oxidative stress. Trace metals and organic xenobiotics are typical classes of environmental pollutants with prooxidant effects. Trace metals generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) depending on their ability to lose electrons and catalyze Haber Weiss and Fenton reactions. ROS are also generated due to induction of various cytochrome P450 isoenzymes during detoxification of chemical carcinogens. Increased ROS generation often has been linked to DNA damage that can lead to mutations and may, therefore, play an important role in the initiation and progression of multistage carcinogenesis. Besides causing DNA damage, ROS further induce multiple intracellular signaling pathways, notably NF-kappa B, JNK/SAPK/p38, as well as Erk/MAPK. These signaling routes can lead to transcriptional induction of target genes that could promote proliferation or confer apoptosis resistance to exposed cells.
Class
Human Diseases; Cancer: overview
BRITE hierarchy
Pathway map
mmu05208 Chemical carcinogenesis - reactive oxygen species
Organism
Mus musculus (house mouse) [GN:
mmu ]
Gene
102634451 Ndufab1-ps; NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit AB1b [KO:K03955 ]
104130 Ndufb11; NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B11 [KO:K11351 ]
110323 Cox6b1; cytochrome c oxidase, subunit 6B1 [KO:K02267 ]
11739 Slc25a4; solute carrier family 25 (mitochondrial carrier, adenine nucleotide translocator), member 4 [KO:K05863 ]
11740 Slc25a5; solute carrier family 25 (mitochondrial carrier, adenine nucleotide translocator), member 5 [KO:K05863 ]
11863 Arnt; aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator [KO:K09097 ]
11946 Atp5f1a; ATP synthase F1 subunit alpha [KO:K02132 ]
11949 Atp5f1c; ATP synthase F1 subunit gamma [KO:K02136 ]
11950 Atp5pb; ATP synthase peripheral stalk-membrane subunit b [KO:K02127 ]
11951 Atp5mc1; ATP synthase membrane subunit c locus 1 [KO:K02128 ]
11957 Atp5pf; ATP synthase peripheral stalk subunit F6 [KO:K02131 ]
12015 Bad; BCL2-associated agonist of cell death [KO:K02158 ]
12857 Cox4i1; cytochrome c oxidase subunit 4I1 [KO:K02263 ]
12858 Cox5a; cytochrome c oxidase subunit 5A [KO:K02264 ]
12859 Cox5b; cytochrome c oxidase subunit 5B [KO:K02265 ]
12861 Cox6a1; cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6A1 [KO:K02266 ]
12862 Cox6a2; cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6A2 [KO:K02266 ]
12864 Cox6c; cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6C [KO:K02268 ]
12865 Cox7a1; cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7A1 [KO:K02270 ]
12866 Cox7a2; cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7A2 [KO:K02270 ]
12867 Cox7c; cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7C [KO:K02272 ]
12868 Cox8a; cytochrome c oxidase subunit 8A [KO:K02273 ]
12869 Cox8b; cytochrome c oxidase subunit 8B [KO:K02273 ]
13057 Cyba; cytochrome b-245, alpha polypeptide [KO:K08009 ]
13106 Cyp2e1; cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily e, polypeptide 1 [KO:K07415 ] [EC:1.14.14.-]
13521 Slc26a2; solute carrier family 26 (sulfate transporter), member 2 [KO:K14701 ]
14784 Grb2; growth factor receptor bound protein 2 [KO:K04364 ]
15251 Hif1a; hypoxia inducible factor 1, alpha subunit [KO:K08268 ]
15461 Hras; Harvey rat sarcoma virus oncogene [KO:K02833 ]
16151 Ikbkg; inhibitor of kappaB kinase gamma [KO:K07210 ]
16653 Kras; Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog [KO:K07827 ]
171429 Slc26a6; solute carrier family 26, member 6 [KO:K14704 ]
17709 COX2; cytochrome c oxidase subunit II [KO:K02261 ]
17710 COX3; cytochrome c oxidase subunit III [KO:K02262 ]
17991 Ndufa2; NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit A2 [KO:K03946 ]
17992 Ndufa4; Ndufa4, mitochondrial complex associated [KO:K03948 ]
17993 Ndufs4; NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase core subunit S4 [KO:K03937 ]
18024 Nfe2l2; nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 [KO:K05638 ]
18033 Nfkb1; nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105 [KO:K02580 ]
18035 Nfkbia; nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells inhibitor, alpha [KO:K04734 ]
18706 Pik3ca; phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha [KO:K00922 ] [EC:2.7.1.153 ]
18707 Pik3cd; phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta [KO:K00922 ] [EC:2.7.1.153 ]
18708 Pik3r1; phosphoinositide-3-kinase regulatory subunit 1 [KO:K02649 ]
18709 Pik3r2; phosphoinositide-3-kinase regulatory subunit 2 [KO:K02649 ]
18710 Pik3r3; phosphoinositide-3-kinase regulatory subunit 3 [KO:K02649 ]
19697 Rela; v-rel reticuloendotheliosis viral oncogene homolog A (avian) [KO:K04735 ]
20463 Cox7a2l; cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7A2 like [KO:K02270 ]
20662 Sos1; SOS Ras/Rac guanine nucleotide exchange factor 1 [KO:K03099 ]
20663 Sos2; SOS Ras/Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor 2 [KO:K03099 ]
22272 Uqcrq; ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase, complex III subunit VII [KO:K00418 ]
22273 Uqcrc1; ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase core protein 1 [KO:K00414 ]
22333 Vdac1; voltage-dependent anion channel 1 [KO:K05862 ]
22334 Vdac2; voltage-dependent anion channel 2 [KO:K15040 ]
22335 Vdac3; voltage-dependent anion channel 3 [KO:K15041 ]
22339 Vegfa; vascular endothelial growth factor A [KO:K05448 ]
228033 Atp5mc3; ATP synthase membrane subunit c locus 3 [KO:K02128 ]
230075 Ndufb6; NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B6 [KO:K03962 ]
231583 Slc26a1; solute carrier family 26 (sulfate transporter), member 1 [KO:K14700 ]
28080 Atp5po; ATP synthase peripheral stalk subunit OSCP [KO:K02137 ]
320718 Slc26a9; solute carrier family 26, member 9 [KO:K14706 ]
407785 Ndufs6; NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase core subunit S6 [KO:K03939 ]
407790 Ndufa4l2; Ndufa4, mitochondrial complex associated like 2 [KO:K03948 ]
50868 Keap1; kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 [KO:K10456 ]
54405 Ndufa1; NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit A1 [KO:K03945 ]
595136 Ndufs5; NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase core subunit S5 [KO:K03938 ]
623286 Ndufs6b; NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit S6B [KO:K03939 ]
66043 Atp5f1d; ATP synthase F1 subunit delta [KO:K02134 ]
66046 Ndufb5; NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B5 [KO:K03961 ]
66052 Sdhc; succinate dehydrogenase complex, subunit C, integral membrane protein [KO:K00236 ]
66091 Ndufa3; NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit A3 [KO:K03947 ]
66108 Ndufa9; NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit A9 [KO:K03953 ]
66142 Cox7b; cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7B [KO:K02271 ]
66152 Uqcr10; ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase, complex III subunit X [KO:K00419 ]
66218 Ndufb9; NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B9 [KO:K03965 ]
66377 Ndufc1; NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit C1 [KO:K03967 ]
66414 Ndufa12; NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit A12 [KO:K11352 ]
66416 Ndufa7; NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit A7 [KO:K03951 ]
66495 Ndufb3; NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 [KO:K03959 ]
66576 Uqcrh; ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase hinge protein [KO:K00416 ]
66594 Uqcr11; ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase, complex III subunit XI [KO:K00420 ]
66694 Uqcrfs1; ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase, Rieske iron-sulfur polypeptide 1 [KO:K00411 ] [EC:7.1.1.8 ]
66916 Ndufb7; NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B7 [KO:K03963 ]
66925 Sdhd; succinate dehydrogenase complex, subunit D, integral membrane protein [KO:K00237 ]
66945 Sdha; succinate dehydrogenase complex, subunit A, flavoprotein (Fp) [KO:K00234 ] [EC:1.3.5.1 ]
67003 Uqcrc2; ubiquinol cytochrome c reductase core protein 2 [KO:K00415 ]
67126 Atp5f1e; ATP synthase F1 subunit epsilon [KO:K02135 ]
67130 Ndufa6; NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit A6 [KO:K03950 ]
67184 Ndufa13; NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit A13 [KO:K11353 ]
67264 Ndufb8; NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B8 [KO:K03964 ]
67273 Ndufa10; NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit A10 [KO:K03954 ]
67530 Uqcrb; ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase binding protein [KO:K00417 ]
67680 Sdhb; succinate dehydrogenase complex, subunit B, iron sulfur (Ip) [KO:K00235 ] [EC:1.3.5.1 ]
67942 Atp5mc2; ATP synthase membrane subunit c locus 2 [KO:K02128 ]
68194 Ndufb4; NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B4 [KO:K03960 ]
68197 Ndufc2; NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit C2 [KO:K03968 ]
68198 Ndufb2; NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B2 [KO:K03958 ]
68202 Ndufa5; NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit A5 [KO:K03949 ]
68342 Ndufb10; NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B10 [KO:K03966 ]
68375 Ndufa8; NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit A8 [KO:K03952 ]
69875 Ndufa11; NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit A11 [KO:K03956 ]
70316 Ndufab1; NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit AB1 [KO:K03955 ]
71679 Atp5pd; ATP synthase peripheral stalk subunit d [KO:K02138 ]
73333 Slc25a31; solute carrier family 25 (mitochondrial carrier; adenine nucleotide translocator), member 31 [KO:K05863 ]
74769 Pik3cb; phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta [KO:K00922 ] [EC:2.7.1.153 ]
75483 Cox8c; cytochrome c oxidase subunit 8C [KO:K02273 ]
78174 Cox7b2; cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7B2 [KO:K02271 ]
78330 Ndufv3; NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase core subunit V3 [KO:K03944 ]
84682 Cox4i2; cytochrome c oxidase subunit 4I2 [KO:K02263 ]
Compound
C00019 S-Adenosyl-L-methionine
C00021 S-Adenosyl-L-homocysteine
C03434 Tetrachlorohydroquinone
C03622 N-Hydroxy-4-aminobiphenyl
C05981 Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate
C07557 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin
C14209 4-Hydroxy-17beta-estradiol
C14850 Benzo[a]pyrene-7,8-oxide
C14852 Benzo[a]pyrene-7,8-dihydrodiol
C16038 2-Amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine
C16453 4-(N-Nitrosomethylamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone
C18205 2,2',4,4'-Tetrabromodiphenyl ether
C22355 Benzo[a]pyrene-7,8-diol
C22356 Benzo[a]pyrene-7,8-dione
C22357 17beta-Estradiol-2,3-quinone
C22381 Reactive oxygen species
Reference
Authors
Henkler F, Brinkmann J, Luch A
Title
The role of oxidative stress in carcinogenesis induced by metals and xenobiotics.
Journal
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Title
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Authors
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Title
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Related pathway
mmu00980 Metabolism of xenobiotics by cytochrome P450
mmu05207 Chemical carcinogenesis - receptor activation
KO pathway