Entry
Name
Alzheimer disease - Trachypithecus francoisi (Francois's langur)
Description
Alzheimer disease (AD) is a chronic disorder that slowly destroys neurons and causes serious cognitive disability. AD is associated with senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs). Amyloid-beta (Abeta), a major component of senile plaques, has various pathological effects on cell and organelle function. To date genetic studies have revealed four genes that may be linked to autosomal dominant or familial early onset AD (FAD). These four genes include: amyloid precursor protein (APP), presenilin 1 (PS1), presenilin 2 (PS2) and apolipoprotein E (ApoE). All mutations associated with APP and PS proteins can lead to an increase in the production of Abeta peptides, specfically the more amyloidogenic form, Abeta42. It was proposed that Abeta form Ca2+ permeable pores and bind to and modulate multiple synaptic proteins, including NMDAR, mGluR5 and VGCC, leading to the overfilling of neurons with calcium ions. Consequently, cellular Ca2+ disruptions will lead to neuronal apoptosis, autophagy deficits, mitochondrial abnormality, defective neurotransmission, impaired synaptic plasticity and neurodegeneration in AD. FAD-linked PS1 mutation downregulates the unfolded protein response and leads to vulnerability to ER stress.
Class
Human Diseases; Neurodegenerative disease
BRITE hierarchy
Pathway map
Disease
Organism
Trachypithecus francoisi (Francois's langur) [GN:
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Gene
117062468 EIF2AK2; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: interferon-induced, double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase [KO:K16195 ] [EC:2.7.11.1 ]
117064141 NDUFV2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein 2, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K03943 ] [EC:7.1.1.2 ]
117064180 PPP3CA; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2B catalytic subunit alpha isoform isoform X1 [KO:K04348 ] [EC:3.1.3.16 ]
117064675 SDHA; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein subunit, mitochondrial [KO:K00234 ] [EC:1.3.5.1 ]
117064716 NDUFS6; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 6, mitochondrial [KO:K03939 ]
117065109 NDUFS4; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 4, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K03937 ]
117065206 PIK3R1; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K02649 ]
117065757 NDUFA2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 2 [KO:K03946 ]
117065867 VDAC1; voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 1 [KO:K05862 ]
117066643 GRIN2C; glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2C isoform X1 [KO:K05211 ]
117067078 PSMD3; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 3 [KO:K03033 ]
117067177 ATP5MC1; ATP synthase F(0) complex subunit C1, mitochondrial [KO:K02128 ]
117067378 WIPI1; WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K17908 ]
117067390 PSMD12; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 12 [KO:K03035 ]
117067424 ERN1; serine/threonine-protein kinase/endoribonuclease IRE1 isoform X1 [KO:K08852 ] [EC:2.7.11.1 3.1.26.-]
117067435 PSMC5; 26S proteasome regulatory subunit 8 isoform X1 [KO:K03066 ]
117067542 CDK5R1; cyclin-dependent kinase 5 activator 1 isoform X1 [KO:K11716 ]
117067543 PSMD11; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 11 isoform X1 [KO:K03036 ]
117067800 DVL2; segment polarity protein dishevelled homolog DVL-2 [KO:K02353 ]
117068386 NDUFB8; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 8, mitochondrial [KO:K03964 ]
117068469 PLCB4; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-4 isoform X1 [KO:K05858 ] [EC:3.1.4.11 ]
117068471 PLCB1; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-1 isoform X1 [KO:K05858 ] [EC:3.1.4.11 ]
117069039 ADRM1; proteasomal ubiquitin receptor ADRM1 isoform X1 [KO:K06691 ]
117069095 FRAT2; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: GSK-3-binding protein FRAT2 [KO:K03096 ]
117069444 EIF2S1; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit 1 [KO:K03237 ]
117069604 ATG14; beclin 1-associated autophagy-related key regulator [KO:K17889 ]
117069640 PSMC6; 26S proteasome regulatory subunit 10B isoform X1 [KO:K03064 ]
117070455 CALML4; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: calmodulin-like protein 4 [KO:K02183 ]
117070870 PLCB2; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-2 isoform X1 [KO:K05858 ] [EC:3.1.4.11 ]
117070941 CHRNA7; neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-7 [KO:K04809 ]
117071444 ATG2B; autophagy-related protein 2 homolog B isoform X1 [KO:K17906 ]
117071524 NDUFB1; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 1 [KO:K03957 ]
117072292 NDUFA5; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 5 [KO:K03949 ]
117072298 NDUFB2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 2, mitochondrial [KO:K03958 ]
117072719 WIPI2; WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K17908 ]
117073294 SDHD; succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] cytochrome b small subunit, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K00237 ]
117074284 CSF1; macrophage colony-stimulating factor 1 isoform X1 [KO:K05453 ]
117074342 SDHC; succinate dehydrogenase cytochrome b560 subunit, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K00236 ]
117074672 PSMD4; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 4 isoform X1 [KO:K03029 ]
117075022 PIK3R2; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit beta [KO:K02649 ]
117075723 NDUFA11; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 11 isoform X1 [KO:K03956 ]
117076037 ATP5PB; ATP synthase F(0) complex subunit B1, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K02127 ]
117076186 NDUFB7; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 7 [KO:K03963 ]
117076373 NDUFS2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 2, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K03935 ] [EC:7.1.1.2 ]
117076376 ATF6; cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-6 alpha isoform X1 [KO:K09054 ]
117076644 NDUFA13; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 13 isoform X1 [KO:K11353 ]
117076657 APC2; adenomatous polyposis coli protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K02085 ]
117076663 NDUFS7; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 7, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K03940 ] [EC:7.1.1.2 ]
117076742 NDUFA7; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 7 [KO:K03951 ]
117076828 CACNA1S; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1S isoform X1 [KO:K04857 ]
117077312 NDUFA1; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 1 [KO:K03945 ]
117077518 CACNA1F; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1F [KO:K04853 ]
117077563 IRS4; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: insulin receptor substrate 4 [KO:K17446 ]
117078337 NDUFB11; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 11, mitochondrial [KO:K11351 ]
117078341 IKBKG; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: NF-kappa-B essential modulator [KO:K07210 ]
117079542 NDUFB9; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 9 [KO:K03965 ]
117079600 RB1CC1; RB1-inducible coiled-coil protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K17589 ]
117079812 ATG2A; autophagy-related protein 2 homolog A isoform X1 [KO:K17906 ]
117079885 LRP5; low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5 isoform X1 [KO:K03068 ]
117079889 AMBRA1; activating molecule in BECN1-regulated autophagy protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K17985 ]
117080186 NDUFS3; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 3, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K03936 ] [EC:7.1.1.2 ]
117080568 NOX4; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: NADPH oxidase 4 [KO:K21423 ] [EC:1.6.3.-]
117080942 NDUFS8; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 8, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K03941 ] [EC:7.1.1.2 ]
117081497 APBB1; amyloid-beta A4 precursor protein-binding family B member 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04529 ]
117081580 PSMD13; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 13 isoform X1 [KO:K03039 ]
117082510 ATP5F1C; ATP synthase subunit gamma, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K02136 ]
117082599 PPP3CB; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2B catalytic subunit beta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K04348 ] [EC:3.1.3.16 ]
117082746 VDAC2; voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K15040 ]
117083004 CACNA1D; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1D isoform X1 [KO:K04851 ]
117083084 PSMD6; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 6 isoform X1 [KO:K03037 ]
117083173 ITPR1; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04958 ]
117083450 NDUFB4; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 4 [KO:K03960 ]
117083761 PIK3CA; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform isoform X1 [KO:K00922 ] [EC:2.7.1.153 ]
117083769 NDUFB5; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 5, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K03961 ]
117083812 DVL3; segment polarity protein dishevelled homolog DVL-3 isoform X1 [KO:K02353 ]
117083822 PSMD2; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 2 [KO:K03028 ]
117084122 PIK3CB; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform [KO:K00922 ] [EC:2.7.1.153 ]
117085710 NFKB1; nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit isoform X1 [KO:K02580 ]
117085925 NDUFC1; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 subunit C1, mitochondrial [KO:K03967 ]
117086221 FAS; tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 6 isoform X1 [KO:K04390 ]
117086989 AGER; advanced glycosylation end product-specific receptor isoform X1 [KO:K19722 ]
117087914 NAE1; NEDD8-activating enzyme E1 regulatory subunit isoform X1 [KO:K04532 ]
117087981 PSMD7; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 7 [KO:K03038 ]
117089263 PSMD9; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 9 [KO:K06693 ]
117089565 APAF1; apoptotic protease-activating factor 1 isoform X1 [KO:K02084 ]
117089604 NDUFA12; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 12 isoform X1 [KO:K11352 ]
117089884 DDIT3; DNA damage-inducible transcript 3 protein isoform X1 [KO:K04452 ]
117089896 NDUFA4L2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 4-like 2 [KO:K03948 ]
117089900 LRP1; prolow-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 [KO:K04550 ]
117090028 ATP5MC2; ATP synthase F(0) complex subunit C2, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K02128 ]
117090124 SLC11A2; natural resistance-associated macrophage protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K21398 ]
117090367 ITPR2; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 2 isoform X1 [KO:K04959 ]
117090502 LRP6; low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 6 [KO:K03068 ]
117090649 TNFRSF1A; tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 1A [KO:K03158 ]
117090671 NDUFA9; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 9, mitochondrial [KO:K03953 ]
117092474 PSMD8; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 8 [KO:K03031 ]
117092662 PIK3R3; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit gamma isoform X1 [KO:K02649 ]
117092829 NDUFS5; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 5 isoform X1 [KO:K03938 ]
117093193 PPP3CC; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2B catalytic subunit gamma isoform isoform X1 [KO:K04348 ] [EC:3.1.3.16 ]
117093237 SDHB; succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur subunit, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K00235 ] [EC:1.3.5.1 ]
117093348 PIK3CD; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K00922 ] [EC:2.7.1.153 ]
117093472 DVL1; segment polarity protein dishevelled homolog DVL-1 isoform X1 [KO:K02353 ]
117093658 NDUFA3; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 3 isoform X1 [KO:K03947 ]
117094305 NDUFA10; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 10, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K03954 ]
117094392 PSMD1; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 1 [KO:K03032 ]
117094439 IRS1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: insulin receptor substrate 1 [KO:K16172 ]
117094614 NDUFS1; NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase 75 kDa subunit, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K03934 ] [EC:7.1.1.2 ]
117094831 ATP5MC3; ATP synthase F(0) complex subunit C3, mitochondrial [KO:K02128 ]
117094952 PSMD14; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 14 [KO:K03030 ]
117095227 NDUFB3; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 3 [KO:K03959 ]
117095627 ATP5PF; ATP synthase-coupling factor 6, mitochondrial [KO:K02131 ]
117095701 VDAC3; voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K15041 ]
117095835 NDUFV3; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein 3, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K03944 ]
117096387 NDUFA6; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 6 [KO:K03950 ]
117096463 ATF4; cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-4 [KO:K04374 ]
117097828 NDUFB10; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 10 [KO:K03966 ]
117098435 GNAQ; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(q) subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04634 ]
117098709 NDUFB6; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 6 isoform X1 [KO:K03962 ]
117098726 NDUFA8; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 8 isoform X1 [KO:K03952 ]
117099100 GRIN1; glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1 isoform X1 [KO:K05208 ]
Compound
C01245 D-myo-Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate
C04549 1-Phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3-phosphate
C05981 Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate
C16514 Amyloid beta protein 40
C16515 Amyloid beta protein 42
C21011 [Protein]-N(epsilon)-(carboxymethyl)lysine
C21012 [Protein]-N(epsilon)-(carboxyethyl)lysine
Reference
Authors
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Title
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Title
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Related pathway
tfn04141 Protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum
tfn04933 AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications
KO pathway