Entry Name Influenza A - Delphinapterus leucas (beluga whale)
Description Influenza is a contagious respiratory disease caused by influenza virus infection. Influenza A virus is responsible for both annual seasonal epidemics and periodic worldwide pandemics. Novel strains that cause pandemics arise from avian influenza virus by genetic reassortment among influenza viruses and two surface glycoproteins HA and NA form the basis of serologically distinct virus types. The innate immune system recognizes invaded virus through multiple mechanisms. Viral non-structural NS1 protein is a multifunctional virulence factor that interfere IFN-mediated antiviral response. It inhibits IFN production by blocking activation of transcription factors such as NF-kappa B and IRF3. NS1 further inhibits the activation of IFN-induced antiviral genes. PB1-F2 protein is another virulence factor that induce apoptosis of infected cells, which results in life-threatening bronchiolitis.
Class Human Diseases; Infectious disease: viralBRITE hierarchy
Pathway map Disease Organism Delphinapterus leucas (beluga whale) [GN:
dle ]
Gene 111164116 IRF9; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: interferon regulatory factor 9 [KO:K04693 ]
111164350 MYD88; myeloid differentiation primary response protein MyD88 isoform X1 [KO:K04729 ]
111166325 CALCOCO2; calcium-binding and coiled-coil domain-containing protein 2 [KO:K21348 ]
111166652 PIK3R2; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit beta [KO:K02649 ]
111166657 NLRP3; NACHT, LRR and PYD domains-containing protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K12800 ]
111166903 TMPRSS4; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: transmembrane protease serine 4 [KO:K09635 ] [EC:3.4.21.-]
111168142 TMPRSS11D; transmembrane protease serine 11D [KO:K09641 ] [EC:3.4.21.-]
111170265 FASLG; tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 6 [KO:K04389 ]
111170575 NUP98; nuclear pore complex protein Nup98-Nup96 isoform X1 [KO:K14297 ]
111171663 STAT1; signal transducer and activator of transcription 1-alpha/beta isoform X1 [KO:K11220 ]
111172519 FAS; tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 6 isoform X1 [KO:K04390 ]
111173047 EIF2S1; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit 1 [KO:K03237 ]
111173839 PIK3CA; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K00922 ] [EC:2.7.1.153 ]
111173869 STAT2; signal transducer and activator of transcription 2 isoform X1 [KO:K11221 ]
111173963 TNFSF10; tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 10 isoform X1 [KO:K04721 ]
111174878 EIF2AK2; interferon-induced, double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K16195 ] [EC:2.7.11.1 ]
111176656 TNFRSF1A; tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 1A [KO:K03158 ]
111179110 NFKB1; nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit isoform X1 [KO:K02580 ]
111179235 PIK3CB; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K00922 ] [EC:2.7.1.153 ]
111179339 PABPN1L; embryonic polyadenylate-binding protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K14396 ]
111179654 TRADD; tumor necrosis factor receptor type 1-associated DEATH domain protein [KO:K03171 ]
111180827 HNRNPUL1; heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein U-like protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K15047 ]
111181918 CPSF4; cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor subunit 4 isoform X1 [KO:K14404 ]
111182108 PYCARD; apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD [KO:K12799 ]
111182441 VDAC1; voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 1 [KO:K05862 ]
111182880 CPSF4L; putative cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor subunit 4-like protein [KO:K14404 ]
111184404 MAVS; mitochondrial antiviral-signaling protein isoform X1 [KO:K12648 ]
111185435 TNFRSF10A; tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 10A isoform X1 [KO:K04722 ]
111185984 PIK3R1; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K02649 ]
111187262 PIK3CD; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta isoform [KO:K00922 ] [EC:2.7.1.153 ]
Compound C05981 Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate
Reference Authors Edinger TO, Pohl MO, Stertz S
Title Entry of influenza A virus: host factors and antiviral targets.
Journal Reference Authors Kido H, Okumura Y, Takahashi E, Pan HY, Wang S, Chida J, Le TQ, Yano M
Title Host envelope glycoprotein processing proteases are indispensable for entry into human cells by seasonal and highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses.
Journal J Mol Genet Med 3:167-75 (2008)
Reference Authors Ramakrishnan B, Viswanathan K, Tharakaraman K, Dancik V, Raman R, Babcock GJ, Shriver Z, Sasisekharan R
Title A Structural and Mathematical Modeling Analysis of the Likelihood of Antibody-Dependent Enhancement in Influenza.
Journal Reference Authors Thanh TT, van Doorn HR, de Jong MD
Title Human H5N1 influenza: current insight into pathogenesis.
Journal Reference Authors Michael P, Brabant D, Bleiblo F, Ramana CV, Rutherford M, Khurana S, Tai TC, Kumar A, Kumar A
Title Influenza A induced cellular signal transduction pathways.
Journal Reference Authors Hale BG, Albrecht RA, Garcia-Sastre A
Title Innate immune evasion strategies of influenza viruses.
Journal Reference Authors Sharma K, Tripathi S, Ranjan P, Kumar P, Garten R, Deyde V, Katz JM, Cox NJ, Lal RB, Sambhara S, Lal SK
Title Influenza A virus nucleoprotein exploits Hsp40 to inhibit PKR activation.
Journal Reference Authors Ehrhardt C, Seyer R, Hrincius ER, Eierhoff T, Wolff T, Ludwig S
Title Interplay between influenza A virus and the innate immune signaling.
Journal Reference Authors van de Sandt CE, Kreijtz JH, Rimmelzwaan GF
Title Evasion of influenza A viruses from innate and adaptive immune responses.
Journal Reference Authors Long JS, Mistry B, Haslam SM, Barclay WS
Title Host and viral determinants of influenza A virus species specificity.
Journal Reference Authors Chen X, Liu S, Goraya MU, Maarouf M, Huang S, Chen JL
Title Host Immune Response to Influenza A Virus Infection.
Journal Reference Authors Lu X, Masic A, Li Y, Shin Y, Liu Q, Zhou Y
Title The PI3K/Akt pathway inhibits influenza A virus-induced Bax-mediated apoptosis by negatively regulating the JNK pathway via ASK1.
Journal Reference Authors Ichinohe T, Iwasaki A, Hasegawa H
Title Innate sensors of influenza virus: clues to developing better intranasal vaccines.
Journal Reference Authors Le Sage V, Cinti A, Amorim R, Mouland AJ
Title Adapting the Stress Response: Viral Subversion of the mTOR Signaling Pathway.
Journal Reference Authors Fan Y, Sanyal S, Bruzzone R
Title Breaking Bad: How Viruses Subvert the Cell Cycle.
Journal Reference Authors Varga ZT, Palese P
Title The influenza A virus protein PB1-F2: killing two birds with one stone?
Journal Reference Authors Atkin-Smith GK, Duan M, Chen W, Poon IKH
Title The induction and consequences of Influenza A virus-induced cell death.
Journal Reference Authors Nogales A, Martinez-Sobrido L, Topham DJ, DeDiego ML
Title Modulation of Innate Immune Responses by the Influenza A NS1 and PA-X Proteins.
Journal Reference Authors Dai X, Zhang L, Hong T
Title Host cellular signaling induced by influenza virus.
Journal Reference Authors Li J, Yu M, Zheng W, Liu W
Title Nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of influenza A virus proteins.
Journal Reference Authors Dou D, Revol R, Ostbye H, Wang H, Daniels R
Title Influenza A Virus Cell Entry, Replication, Virion Assembly and Movement.
Journal Reference Authors Paterson D, Fodor E
Title Emerging roles for the influenza A virus nuclear export protein (NEP).
Journal Related dle00900 Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis
dle04620 Toll-like receptor signaling pathway
dle04621 NOD-like receptor signaling pathway
dle04622 RIG-I-like receptor signaling pathway
KO pathway
