KEGG   PATHWAY: elk04014
Entry
elk04014                    Pathway                                
Name
Ras signaling pathway - Enhydra lutris kenyoni (northern sea otter)
Description
The Ras proteins are GTPases that function as molecular switches for signaling pathways regulating cell proliferation, survival, growth, migration, differentiation or cytoskeletal dynamism. Ras proteins transduce signals from extracellular growth factors by cycling between inactive GDP-bound and active GTP-bound states. The exchange of GTP for GDP on RAS is regulated by guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) and GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs). Activated RAS (RAS-GTP) regulates multiple cellular functions through effectors including Raf, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and Ral guanine nucleotide-dissociation stimulator (RALGDS).
Class
Environmental Information Processing; Signal transduction
Pathway map
elk04014  Ras signaling pathway
elk04014

Other DBs
GO: 0032318
Organism
Enhydra lutris kenyoni (northern sea otter) [GN:elk]
Gene
111156359  pro-epidermal growth factor isoform X1 [KO:K04357]
111148116  protransforming growth factor alpha [KO:K08774]
111156955  fibroblast growth factor 1 isoform X1 [KO:K18496]
111156005  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: fibroblast growth factor 2 [KO:K18497]
111141219  fibroblast growth factor 18 [KO:K04358]
111144621  fibroblast growth factor 20 [KO:K04358]
111159982  fibroblast growth factor 7 isoform X1 [KO:K04358]
111157192  fibroblast growth factor 17 isoform X1 [KO:K04358]
111159837  fibroblast growth factor 6 [KO:K04358]
111160943  fibroblast growth factor 16 [KO:K04358]
111145249  fibroblast growth factor 8 isoform X1 [KO:K04358]
111149486  fibroblast growth factor 3 [KO:K04358]
111150307  fibroblast growth factor 4 [KO:K04358]
111159933  fibroblast growth factor 9 [KO:K04358]
111149253  fibroblast growth factor 5 isoform X1 [KO:K04358]
111141115  fibroblast growth factor 10 [KO:K04358]
111161630  fibroblast growth factor 22 [KO:K04358]
111149408  fibroblast growth factor 19 [KO:K22603]
111160539  fibroblast growth factor 21 [KO:K22429]
111159771  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: fibroblast growth factor 23 [KO:K22428]
111143419  beta-nerve growth factor [KO:K02582]
111143447  beta-nerve growth factor [KO:K02582]
111150176  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: brain-derived neurotrophic factor [KO:K04355]
111159818  neurotrophin-3 [KO:K04356]
111160824  neurotrophin-4 [KO:K12457]
111150279  insulin [KO:K04526]
111142293  insulin-like growth factor I [KO:K05459]
111142036  insulin-like growth factor I isoform X1 [KO:K05459]
111150034  insulin-like growth factor II isoform X1 [KO:K13769]
111145884  platelet-derived growth factor subunit A isoform X1 [KO:K04359]
111157534  platelet-derived growth factor subunit B isoform X1 [KO:K17386]
111155335  platelet-derived growth factor C [KO:K05450]
111153783  platelet-derived growth factor D isoform X1 [KO:K05450]
111143313  macrophage colony-stimulating factor 1 isoform X1 [KO:K05453]
111142191  kit ligand [KO:K05461]
111160696  fms-related tyrosine kinase 3 ligand isoform X1 [KO:K05454]
111147726  vascular endothelial growth factor A [KO:K05448]
111149705  vascular endothelial growth factor B isoform X1 [KO:K16858]
111148570  placenta growth factor isoform X1 [KO:K16859]
111157184  vascular endothelial growth factor D [KO:K05449]
111144527  vascular endothelial growth factor C [KO:K05449]
111155271  hepatocyte growth factor isoform X1 [KO:K05460]
111146656  angiopoietin-1 isoform X1 [KO:K05465]
111144573  angiopoietin-2 isoform X1 [KO:K05466]
111141561  angiopoietin-4 isoform X1 [KO:K05467]
111161900  ephrin-A2 [KO:K05462]
111139033  ephrin-A3 [KO:K05462]
111139068  ephrin-A4 isoform X1 [KO:K05462]
111148415  ephrin-A5 isoform X1 [KO:K05462]
111138977  ephrin-A1 isoform X1 [KO:K05462]
111157042  epidermal growth factor receptor isoform X1 [KO:K04361] [EC:2.7.10.1]
111144420  fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04362] [EC:2.7.10.1]
111145037  fibroblast growth factor receptor 2-like [KO:K05093] [EC:2.7.10.1]
111144712  fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 isoform X1 [KO:K05093] [EC:2.7.10.1]
111149137  fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 isoform X1 [KO:K05094] [EC:2.7.10.1]
111140867  fibroblast growth factor receptor 4 isoform X1 [KO:K05095] [EC:2.7.10.1]
111151744  tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 16 [KO:K02583]
111138872  high affinity nerve growth factor receptor isoform X1 [KO:K03176] [EC:2.7.10.1]
111153613  BDNF/NT-3 growth factors receptor isoform X1 [KO:K04360] [EC:2.7.10.1]
111161798  insulin receptor isoform X1 [KO:K04527] [EC:2.7.10.1]
111152643  insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor [KO:K05087] [EC:2.7.10.1]
111148924  platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04363] [EC:2.7.10.1]
111140848  platelet-derived growth factor receptor beta isoform X1 [KO:K05089] [EC:2.7.10.1]
111140850  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: macrophage colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor [KO:K05090] [EC:2.7.10.1]
111148912  mast/stem cell growth factor receptor Kit isoform X1 [KO:K05091] [EC:2.7.10.1]
111158528  receptor-type tyrosine-protein kinase FLT3 isoform X1 [KO:K05092] [EC:2.7.10.1]
111158583  vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 [KO:K05096] [EC:2.7.10.1]
111158898  vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 3 isoform X1 [KO:K05097] [EC:2.7.10.1]
111149192  vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 [KO:K05098] [EC:2.7.10.1]
111151956  hepatocyte growth factor receptor [KO:K05099] [EC:2.7.10.1]
111159847  angiopoietin-1 receptor [KO:K05121] [EC:2.7.10.1]
111154665  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: ephrin type-A receptor 2 [KO:K05103] [EC:2.7.10.1]
111160411  growth factor receptor-bound protein 2 [KO:K04364]
111154396  GRB2-associated-binding protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K09593]
111154506  GRB2-associated-binding protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K08091]
111138866  SHC-transforming protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K06279]
111161808  SHC-transforming protein 2 [KO:K17447]
111153623  SHC-transforming protein 3 [KO:K17448]
111162137  SHC-transforming protein 4 [KO:K17449]
111154862  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 11-like [KO:K07293] [EC:3.1.3.48]
111156454  tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 11 [KO:K07293] [EC:3.1.3.48]
111158354  son of sevenless homolog 1 isoform X1 [KO:K03099]
111160889  son of sevenless homolog 2 isoform X1 [KO:K03099]
111141423  1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase gamma-1 isoform X1 [KO:K01116] [EC:3.1.4.11]
111152978  1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase gamma-2 isoform X1 [KO:K05859] [EC:3.1.4.11]
111140724  RAS guanyl-releasing protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04350]
111149468  RAS guanyl-releasing protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K12361]
111158513  ras guanyl-releasing protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K12362]
111161497  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: RAS guanyl-releasing protein 4 [KO:K12363]
111155922  tyrosine-protein kinase ZAP-70 [KO:K07360] [EC:2.7.10.2]
111162219  linker for activation of T-cells family member 1 isoform X1 [KO:K07362]
111145302  5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 7 [KO:K04163]
111154601  guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-1 [KO:K04536]
111145586  guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-2 isoform X1 [KO:K04537]
111159773  guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-3 [KO:K07825]
111148588  guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit beta-4 [KO:K04538]
111140421  guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit beta-5 [KO:K04539]
111159618  guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-2 isoform X1 [KO:K07826]
111149566  guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-3 [KO:K04540]
111160502  guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-4 [KO:K04541]
111143000  guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-5 [KO:K04542]
111161718  guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-7 [KO:K04543]
111160835  guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-8 [KO:K04544]
111145828  guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-10 [KO:K04545]
111147333  guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-11 [KO:K04546]
111162432  uncharacterized LOC105372280 homolog [KO:K04347]
111142967  guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-12 [KO:K04347]
111156207  guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-13 [KO:K04547]
111147281  guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(T) subunit gamma-T1 [KO:K04548]
111151818  guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-T2 [KO:K04549]
111162516  cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
111143399  cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform X1 [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
111152646  ras-specific guanine nucleotide-releasing factor 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04349]
111148374  ras-specific guanine nucleotide-releasing factor 2 isoform X1 [KO:K12326]
111145480  glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1-like [KO:K05208]
111145775  glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1 isoform X1 [KO:K05208]
111156070  glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A [KO:K05209]
111142166  glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2B [KO:K05210]
111158594  calmodulin-like [KO:K02183]
111158606  calmodulin-like protein 3 [KO:K02183]
111154855  calmodulin-like protein 6 [KO:K02183]
111160633  calmodulin-3 [KO:K02183]
111155835  calmodulin-2 [KO:K02183]
111148494  calmodulin-1 isoform X1 [KO:K02183]
111153268  calmodulin-like protein 4 isoform X1 [KO:K02183]
111140316  GTPase HRas isoform X1 [KO:K02833]
111159984  GTPase KRas isoform X1 [KO:K07827]
111143238  GTPase NRas [KO:K07828]
111155011  ras-related protein M-Ras [KO:K07831]
111160680  ras-related protein R-Ras [KO:K07829]
111159398  ras-related protein R-Ras2 isoform X1 [KO:K07830]
111151595  neurofibromin isoform X1 [KO:K08052]
111148287  ras GTPase-activating protein 1 [KO:K04352]
111147253  ras GTPase-activating protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K08053]
111147054  ras GTPase-activating protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K12380]
111145929  ras GTPase-activating protein 4 isoform X1 [KO:K17630]
111145821  ras GTPase-activating protein 4-like [KO:K17630]
111152387  ras/Rap GTPase-activating protein SynGAP isoform X1 [KO:K17631]
111156422  rasGAP-activating-like protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K17632]
111150925  ras GTPase-activating protein nGAP isoform X1 [KO:K17633]
111143779  RAS protein activator like-3 [KO:K17634]
111143767  ras association domain-containing protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K09850]
111151024  ras association domain-containing protein 5 isoform X1 [KO:K08015]
111141470  serine/threonine-protein kinase 4 [KO:K04411]
111155650  T-lymphoma invasion and metastasis-inducing protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K05731]
111145636  ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04392]
111157484  ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 2 [KO:K07860]
111160304  ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 3 isoform X1 [KO:K07861]
111154419  serine/threonine-protein kinase PAK 1 [KO:K04409] [EC:2.7.11.1]
111154988  serine/threonine-protein kinase PAK 2 [KO:K04410] [EC:2.7.11.1]
111160957  serine/threonine-protein kinase PAK 3 [KO:K05733] [EC:2.7.11.1]
111161532  serine/threonine-protein kinase PAK 4 isoform X1 [KO:K05734] [EC:2.7.11.1]
111141714  serine/threonine-protein kinase PAK 5 [KO:K05736] [EC:2.7.11.1]
111138801  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: serine/threonine-protein kinase PAK 6 [KO:K05735] [EC:2.7.11.1]
111144026  transforming protein RhoA isoform X1 [KO:K04513]
111155003  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
111147545  phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
111154641  phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
111143470  phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit gamma isoform X1 [KO:K02649]
111155224  phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K02649]
111143790  phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit beta [KO:K02649]
111161374  RAC-beta serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
111148765  RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
111150885  RAC-gamma serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
111139191  NF-kappa-B essential modulator [KO:K07210]
111144921  inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04467] [EC:2.7.11.10]
111144397  inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit beta isoform X1 [KO:K07209] [EC:2.7.11.10]
111153611  nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit isoform X1 [KO:K02580]
111149956  transcription factor p65 [KO:K04735]
111149975  bcl2-associated agonist of cell death [KO:K02158]
111141775  bcl-2-like protein 1 [KO:K04570]
111161038  forkhead box protein O4 isoform X1 [KO:K12358]
111150819  tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 6-like [KO:K04389]
111150909  tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 6 [KO:K04389]
111158948  ral GTPase-activating protein subunit alpha-1 isoform X1 [KO:K25768]
111141378  ral GTPase-activating protein subunit alpha-2 isoform X1 [KO:K25768]
111141403  ral GTPase-activating protein subunit beta isoform X1 [KO:K25769]
111145587  ral guanine nucleotide dissociation stimulator isoform X1 [KO:K08732]
111150776  ral guanine nucleotide dissociation stimulator-like 1 isoform X1 [KO:K17635]
111152350  ral guanine nucleotide dissociation stimulator-like 2 [KO:K17636]
111157020  ras-related protein Ral-A [KO:K07834]
111141953  ras-related protein Ral-B [KO:K07835]
111161193  phospholipase D2 [KO:K01115] [EC:3.1.4.4]
111150121  phospholipase D1 isoform X1 [KO:K01115] [EC:3.1.4.4]
111156692  exocyst complex component 2 [KO:K17637]
111142106  serine/threonine-protein kinase TBK1 isoform X1 [KO:K05410] [EC:2.7.11.10]
111148050  proto-oncogene c-Rel isoform X1 [KO:K09254]
111144860  mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
111158897  mitogen-activated protein kinase 9 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
111154016  mitogen-activated protein kinase 10 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
111142686  ralA-binding protein 1 [KO:K08773]
111154823  cell division control protein 42 homolog isoform X1 [KO:K04393]
111158727  afadin isoform X1 [KO:K05702]
111144870  leucine-rich repeat protein SHOC-2 [KO:K19613]
111144322  RAF proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04366] [EC:2.7.11.1]
111153158  dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 [KO:K04368] [EC:2.7.12.2]
111161815  dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 2 [KO:K04369] [EC:2.7.12.2]
111162236  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
111142759  mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
111150672  phospholipase A1 member A isoform X1 [KO:K13618] [EC:3.1.1.111]
111154579  group IIE secretory phospholipase A2 [KO:K01047] [EC:3.1.1.4]
111145232  group XIIB secretory phospholipase A2-like protein isoform X1 [KO:K01047] [EC:3.1.1.4]
111154917  group IID secretory phospholipase A2 [KO:K01047] [EC:3.1.1.4]
111154927  group IIF secretory phospholipase A2 [KO:K01047] [EC:3.1.1.4]
111154930  putative inactive group IIC secretory phospholipase A2 [KO:K01047] [EC:3.1.1.4]
111160096  group 3 secretory phospholipase A2 [KO:K01047] [EC:3.1.1.4]
111157595  group XIIA secretory phospholipase A2 [KO:K01047] [EC:3.1.1.4]
111154809  calcium-dependent phospholipase A2 [KO:K01047] [EC:3.1.1.4]
111156262  group 10 secretory phospholipase A2 [KO:K01047] [EC:3.1.1.4]
111156318  phospholipase A2 [KO:K01047] [EC:3.1.1.4]
111150782  cytosolic phospholipase A2 [KO:K16342] [EC:3.1.1.4]
111140157  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: cytosolic phospholipase A2 epsilon [KO:K16342] [EC:3.1.1.4]
111162039  cytosolic phospholipase A2 beta-like isoform X1 [KO:K16342] [EC:3.1.1.4]
111140619  cytosolic phospholipase A2 delta [KO:K16342] [EC:3.1.1.4]
111160468  cytosolic phospholipase A2 zeta [KO:K16342] [EC:3.1.1.4]
111157482  85/88 kDa calcium-independent phospholipase A2 isoform X1 [KO:K16343] [EC:3.1.1.4]
111149407  HRAS-like suppressor 3 isoform X1 [KO:K16817] [EC:3.1.1.32 3.1.1.4]
111150586  ETS domain-containing protein Elk-1 isoform X1 [KO:K04375]
111154029  protein C-ets-1 isoform X1 [KO:K02678]
111155722  protein C-ets-2 isoform X1 [KO:K21932]
111155727  protein C-ets-2-like [KO:K21932]
111156325  BRCA1-associated protein isoform X1 [KO:K10632] [EC:2.3.2.27]
111151623  kinase suppressor of Ras 1 isoform X1 [KO:K14958]
111156475  kinase suppressor of Ras 2 [KO:K18529] [EC:2.7.11.1]
111147241  rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 5 isoform X1 [KO:K08019]
111143648  ras-related protein Rap-1A isoform X1 [KO:K04353]
111141969  ras-related protein Rap-1b [KO:K07836]
111144941  1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase epsilon-1 [KO:K05860] [EC:3.1.4.11]
111158087  protein kinase C alpha type isoform X1 [KO:K02677] [EC:2.7.11.13]
111162208  protein kinase C beta type isoform X1 [KO:K19662] [EC:2.7.11.13]
111139613  protein kinase C gamma type [KO:K19663] [EC:2.7.11.13]
111149738  ras and Rab interactor 1 [KO:K17638]
111146116  tyrosine-protein kinase ABL1 isoform X1 [KO:K06619] [EC:2.7.10.2]
111150736  Abelson tyrosine-protein kinase 2 isoform X1 [KO:K08887] [EC:2.7.10.2]
111155079  ras-related protein Rab-5A [KO:K07887]
111160136  ras-related protein Rab-5B isoform X1 [KO:K07888]
111143471  ras-related protein Rab-5B-like isoform X1 [KO:K07888]
111151692  ras-related protein Rab-5C [KO:K07889]
111140129  ADP-ribosylation factor 6 [KO:K07941]
Compound
C00035  GDP
C00044  GTP
C00076  Calcium cation
C00165  Diacylglycerol
C00575  3',5'-Cyclic AMP
C01245  D-myo-Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate
C05981  Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate
Reference
PMID:18568040
  Authors
Karnoub AE, Weinberg RA
  Title
Ras oncogenes: split personalities.
  Journal
Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 9:517-31 (2008)
DOI:10.1038/nrm2438
Reference
PMID:12778136
  Authors
Malumbres M, Barbacid M
  Title
RAS oncogenes: the first 30 years.
  Journal
Nat Rev Cancer 3:459-65 (2003)
DOI:10.1038/nrc1097
Reference
PMID:21686117
  Authors
Cox AD, Der CJ
  Title
Ras history: The saga continues.
  Journal
Small GTPases 1:2-27 (2010)
DOI:10.4161/sgtp.1.1.12178
Reference
PMID:12642680
  Authors
Cox AD, Der CJ
  Title
Ras family signaling: therapeutic targeting.
  Journal
Cancer Biol Ther 1:599-606 (2002)
DOI:10.4161/cbt.306
Reference
PMID:17428555
  Authors
Rajalingam K, Schreck R, Rapp UR, Albert S
  Title
Ras oncogenes and their downstream targets.
  Journal
Biochim Biophys Acta 1773:1177-95 (2007)
DOI:10.1016/j.bbamcr.2007.01.012
Reference
PMID:17384584
  Authors
Schubbert S, Shannon K, Bollag G
  Title
Hyperactive Ras in developmental disorders and cancer.
  Journal
Nat Rev Cancer 7:295-308 (2007)
DOI:10.1038/nrc2109
Reference
PMID:22233291
  Authors
Poulogiannis G, Luo F, Arends MJ
  Title
RAS signalling in the colorectum in health and disease.
  Journal
Cell Commun Adhes 19:1-9 (2012)
DOI:10.3109/15419061.2011.649380
Reference
PMID:22020205
  Authors
Berndt N, Hamilton AD, Sebti SM
  Title
Targeting protein prenylation for cancer therapy.
  Journal
Nat Rev Cancer 11:775-91 (2011)
DOI:10.1038/nrc3151
Reference
PMID:21196257
  Authors
Overmeyer JH, Maltese WA
  Title
Death pathways triggered by activated Ras in cancer cells.
  Journal
Front Biosci (Landmark Ed) 16:1693-713 (2011)
DOI:10.2741/3814
Reference
PMID:16869784
  Authors
Rodriguez-Viciana P, Tetsu O, Oda K, Okada J, Rauen K, McCormick F
  Title
Cancer targets in the Ras pathway.
  Journal
Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol 70:461-7 (2005)
DOI:10.1101/sqb.2005.70.044
Reference
PMID:14663478
  Authors
Cox AD, Der CJ
  Title
The dark side of Ras: regulation of apoptosis.
  Journal
Oncogene 22:8999-9006 (2003)
DOI:10.1038/sj.onc.1207111
Reference
PMID:18413813
  Authors
Braun BS, Shannon K
  Title
Targeting Ras in myeloid leukemias.
  Journal
Clin Cancer Res 14:2249-52 (2008)
DOI:10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-07-1005
Reference
PMID:20420946
  Authors
Pino MS, Chung DC
  Title
The chromosomal instability pathway in colon cancer.
  Journal
Gastroenterology 138:2059-72 (2010)
DOI:10.1053/j.gastro.2009.12.065
Reference
PMID:12217381
  Authors
Schrader JW, Schallhorn A, Grill B, Guo X
  Title
Activation of small GTPases of the Ras and Rho family by growth factors active on mast cells.
  Journal
Mol Immunol 38:1181-6 (2002)
DOI:10.1016/S0161-5890(02)00060-3
Reference
PMID:22189424
  Authors
Ahearn IM, Haigis K, Bar-Sagi D, Philips MR
  Title
Regulating the regulator: post-translational modification of RAS.
  Journal
Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 13:39-51 (2012)
DOI:10.1038/nrm3255
Reference
PMID:11313946
  Authors
Ehrhardt GR, Korherr C, Wieler JS, Knaus M, Schrader JW
  Title
A novel potential effector of M-Ras and p21 Ras negatively regulates p21 Ras-mediated gene induction and cell growth.
  Journal
Oncogene 20:188-97 (2001)
DOI:10.1038/sj.onc.1204053
Reference
PMID:16966426
  Authors
Goldfinger LE, Ptak C, Jeffery ED, Shabanowitz J, Hunt DF, Ginsberg MH
  Title
RLIP76 (RalBP1) is an R-Ras effector that mediates adhesion-dependent Rac activation and cell migration.
  Journal
J Cell Biol 174:877-88 (2006)
DOI:10.1083/jcb.200603111
Reference
PMID:23506953
  Authors
Kortum RL, Rouquette-Jazdanian AK, Samelson LE
  Title
Ras and extracellular signal-regulated kinase signaling in thymocytes and T cells.
  Journal
Trends Immunol 34:259-68 (2013)
DOI:10.1016/j.it.2013.02.004
Reference
PMID:15572660
  Authors
Roberts DM, Anderson AL, Hidaka M, Swetenburg RL, Patterson C, Stanford WL, Bautch VL
  Title
A vascular gene trap screen defines RasGRP3 as an angiogenesis-regulated gene required for the endothelial response to phorbol esters.
  Journal
Mol Cell Biol 24:10515-28 (2004)
DOI:10.1128/MCB.24.24.10515-10528.2004
Reference
PMID:10712923
  Authors
Reuther GW, Der CJ
  Title
The Ras branch of small GTPases: Ras family members don't fall far from the tree.
  Journal
Curr Opin Cell Biol 12:157-65 (2000)
DOI:10.1016/S0955-0674(99)00071-X
Reference
PMID:21111786
  Authors
Fernandez-Medarde A, Santos E
  Title
The RasGrf family of mammalian guanine nucleotide exchange factors.
  Journal
Biochim Biophys Acta 1815:170-88 (2011)
DOI:10.1016/j.bbcan.2010.11.001
Reference
PMID:18437264
  Authors
Iwashita S, Song SY
  Title
RasGAPs: a crucial regulator of extracellular stimuli for homeostasis of cellular functions.
  Journal
Mol Biosyst 4:213-22 (2008)
DOI:10.1039/b716357f
Reference
PMID:15062121
  Authors
Ory S, Morrison DK
  Title
Signal transduction: implications for Ras-dependent ERK signaling.
  Journal
Curr Biol 14:R277-8 (2004)
DOI:10.1016/j.cub.2004.03.023
Reference
PMID:19091743
  Authors
Matheny SA, White MA
  Title
Signaling threshold regulation by the Ras effector IMP.
  Journal
J Biol Chem 284:11007-11 (2009)
DOI:10.1074/jbc.R800082200
Reference
PMID:20602996
  Authors
Lemmon MA, Schlessinger J
  Title
Cell signaling by receptor tyrosine kinases.
  Journal
Cell 141:1117-34 (2010)
DOI:10.1016/j.cell.2010.06.011
Reference
PMID:22367796
  Authors
Skaper SD
  Title
The neurotrophin family of neurotrophic factors: an overview.
  Journal
Methods Mol Biol 846:1-12 (2012)
DOI:10.1007/978-1-61779-536-7_1
Reference
PMID:34074494
  Authors
Apken LH, Oeckinghaus A
  Title
The RAL signaling network: Cancer and beyond.
  Journal
Int Rev Cell Mol Biol 361:21-105 (2021)
DOI:10.1016/bs.ircmb.2020.10.005
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pathway
elk04010  MAPK signaling pathway
elk04015  Rap1 signaling pathway
elk04020  Calcium signaling pathway
elk04144  Endocytosis
elk04151  PI3K-Akt signaling pathway
elk04660  T cell receptor signaling pathway
elk04720  Long-term potentiation
elk04810  Regulation of actin cytoskeleton
KO pathway
ko04014   
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