KEGG   PATHWAY: cang05171
Entry
cang05171                   Pathway                                
Name
Coronavirus disease - COVID-19 - Colobus angolensis palliatus (Angola colobus)
Description
Coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) is a highly contagious respiratory infection that is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). SARS-CoV-2 infects alveolar epithelial cells [mainly alveolar epithelial type 2 (AEC2) cells] through the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor. Upon the occupancy of ACE2 by SARS-CoV-2, the increased serum level of free Angiotensin II (Ang II) due to a reduction of ACE2-mediated degradation promotes activation of the NF-kappa B pathway via Ang II type 1 receptor (AT1R), followed by  interleukin-6 (IL-6) production. SARS-CoV-2 also activates the innate immune system; macrophage stimulation triggers the overproduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including IL-6, and the "cytokine storm", which results in systemic inflammatory response syndrome and multiple organ failure. The combined effects of complement activation, dysregulated neutrophilia, endothelial injury, and hypercoagulability appear to be intertwined to drive the severe features of COVID-19.
Class
Human Diseases; Infectious disease: viral
Pathway map
cang05171  Coronavirus disease - COVID-19
cang05171

Organism
Colobus angolensis palliatus (Angola colobus) [GN:cang]
Gene
105520467  TMPRSS2; transmembrane protease serine 2 [KO:K09633] [EC:3.4.21.122]
105510462  angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 isoform X1 [KO:K09708] [EC:3.4.17.23]
105521845  NRP1; neuropilin-1 isoform X1 [KO:K06724]
105515963  ACE; angiotensin-converting enzyme isoform X1 [KO:K01283] [EC:3.4.15.1]
105506732  MAS1; proto-oncogene Mas [KO:K04303]
105523879  AGTR1; type-1 angiotensin II receptor isoform X1 [KO:K04166]
105511774  cytochrome b-245 heavy chain isoform X1 [KO:K21421] [EC:1.-.-.-]
105512675  NFKB1; nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit [KO:K02580]
105512156  RELA; transcription factor p65 [KO:K04735]
105513728  TNF; tumor necrosis factor [KO:K03156]
105513330  IL6; interleukin-6 isoform X1 [KO:K05405]
105519632  IL1B; interleukin-1 beta isoform X1 [KO:K04519]
105523976  IL12A; interleukin-12 subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K05406]
105515783  IL12B; interleukin-12 subunit beta [KO:K05425]
105500946  MMP3; stromelysin-1 [KO:K01394] [EC:3.4.24.17]
105500944  MMP1; interstitial collagenase isoform X1 [KO:K01388] [EC:3.4.24.7]
105508744  CCL2; C-C motif chemokine 2 [KO:K14624]
105501285  CXCL8; interleukin-8 [KO:K10030]
105525335  ADAM17; disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17 isoform X1 [KO:K06059] [EC:3.4.24.86]
105518659  TNFRSF1A; tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 1A [KO:K03158]
105500419  NFKBIA; NF-kappa-B inhibitor alpha [KO:K04734]
105519218  NFKBIB; NF-kappa-B inhibitor beta [KO:K02581]
105507010  HBEGF; proheparin-binding EGF-like growth factor [KO:K08523]
105500265  EGFR; epidermal growth factor receptor [KO:K04361] [EC:2.7.10.1]
105502117  IL6R; interleukin-6 receptor subunit alpha [KO:K05055]
105512469  IL6ST; interleukin-6 receptor subunit beta [KO:K05060]
105510845  JAK1; tyrosine-protein kinase JAK1 [KO:K11217] [EC:2.7.10.2]
105520874  TYK2; non-receptor tyrosine-protein kinase TYK2 isoform X1 [KO:K11219] [EC:2.7.10.2]
105503009  STAT3; signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 [KO:K04692]
105516414  IL2; interleukin-2 [KO:K05429]
105503107  CSF3; granulocyte colony-stimulating factor isoform X1 [KO:K05423]
105518179  CSF2; granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor [KO:K05427]
105501322  CXCL10; C-X-C motif chemokine 10 [KO:K12671]
105519474  40S ribosomal protein S2-like isoform X1 [KO:K02981]
105526424  RPS2; 40S ribosomal protein S2 isoform X1 [KO:K02981]
105511819  RPS3; 40S ribosomal protein S3 isoform X1 [KO:K02985]
105522111  RPS3A; 40S ribosomal protein S3a isoform X1 [KO:K02984]
105521481  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: 40S ribosomal protein S3a-like [KO:K02984]
105515193  40S ribosomal protein S4, X isoform-like [KO:K02987]
105515956  40S ribosomal protein S4, X isoform-like [KO:K02987]
105502705  40S ribosomal protein S4, X isoform-like [KO:K02987]
105523860  RPS4X; 40S ribosomal protein S4, X isoform isoform X1 [KO:K02987]
105524454  40S ribosomal protein S4, X isoform-like [KO:K02987]
105527588  40S ribosomal protein S4, X isoform-like [KO:K02987]
105507370  40S ribosomal protein S4, X isoform-like [KO:K02987]
105514580  40S ribosomal protein S4, Y isoform 1-like [KO:K02987]
105524023  RPS5; 40S ribosomal protein S5 isoform X1 [KO:K02989]
105515431  40S ribosomal protein S6-like [KO:K02991]
105503463  40S ribosomal protein S6 [KO:K02991]
105525353  RPS7; 40S ribosomal protein S7 [KO:K02993]
105505084  40S ribosomal protein S7 isoform X1 [KO:K02993]
105505565  40S ribosomal protein S7-like [KO:K02993]
105514644  RPS8; 40S ribosomal protein S8 isoform X1 [KO:K02995]
105504898  RPS9; 40S ribosomal protein S9 [KO:K02997]
105510971  40S ribosomal protein S10-like [KO:K02947]
105514206  RPS10; 40S ribosomal protein S10 isoform X1 [KO:K02947]
105523876  40S ribosomal protein S11-like [KO:K02949]
105524621  40S ribosomal protein S11-like [KO:K02949]
105520346  40S ribosomal protein S11-like [KO:K02949]
105514767  RPS11; 40S ribosomal protein S11 [KO:K02949]
105526207  RPS12; 40S ribosomal protein S12 [KO:K02951]
105507414  40S ribosomal protein S12 [KO:K02951]
105508563  RPS13; 40S ribosomal protein S13 [KO:K02953]
105504234  RPS14; 40S ribosomal protein S14 isoform X1 [KO:K02955]
105527620  RPS15; 40S ribosomal protein S15 isoform X1 [KO:K02958]
105501608  40S ribosomal protein S15a [KO:K02957]
105517678  RPS15A; 40S ribosomal protein S15a [KO:K02957]
105512738  40S ribosomal protein S15a [KO:K02957]
105503928  40S ribosomal protein S16-like isoform X1 [KO:K02960]
105519154  RPS16; 40S ribosomal protein S16 isoform X1 [KO:K02960]
105507143  40S ribosomal protein S16 isoform X1 [KO:K02960]
105516807  40S ribosomal protein S17-like [KO:K02962]
105505530  40S ribosomal protein S17-like [KO:K02962]
105514234  RPS18; 40S ribosomal protein S18 isoform X1 [KO:K02964]
105517064  40S ribosomal protein S19 [KO:K02966]
105507864  RPS19; 40S ribosomal protein S19 [KO:K02966]
105508676  RPS20; 40S ribosomal protein S20 isoform X1 [KO:K02969]
105526175  40S ribosomal protein S20 [KO:K02969]
105517822  40S ribosomal protein S21 [KO:K02971]
105506379  RPS21; 40S ribosomal protein S21 [KO:K02971]
105527756  40S ribosomal protein S21 [KO:K02971]
105508334  40S ribosomal protein S23-like [KO:K02973]
105513361  RPS23; 40S ribosomal protein S23 isoform X1 [KO:K02973]
105502366  RPS24; 40S ribosomal protein S24 isoform X1 [KO:K02974]
105510455  40S ribosomal protein S24 [KO:K02974]
105516985  40S ribosomal protein S26-like [KO:K02976]
105510282  40S ribosomal protein S26-like [KO:K02976]
105510835  40S ribosomal protein S26-like [KO:K02976]
105519248  40S ribosomal protein S26-like [KO:K02976]
105500561  RPS26; 40S ribosomal protein S26 [KO:K02976]
105521480  40S ribosomal protein S26-like [KO:K02976]
105501995  RPS27; 40S ribosomal protein S27 isoform X1 [KO:K02978]
105510577  RPS27L; 40S ribosomal protein S27-like isoform X1 [KO:K02978]
105522856  RPS27A; ubiquitin-40S ribosomal protein S27a isoform X1 [KO:K02977]
105521178  ubiquitin-40S ribosomal protein S27a [KO:K02977]
105501961  RPS28; 40S ribosomal protein S28 [KO:K02979]
105515108  40S ribosomal protein S29 [KO:K02980]
105515275  RPS29; 40S ribosomal protein S29 isoform X1 [KO:K02980]
105511704  40S ribosomal protein S29 [KO:K02980]
105502420  ubiquitin-like protein FUBI [KO:K02983]
105512177  FAU; ubiquitin-like protein fubi and ribosomal protein S30 [KO:K02983]
105508205  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: 40S ribosomal protein SA-like [KO:K02998]
105515588  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: 40S ribosomal protein SA-like [KO:K02998]
105522611  40S ribosomal protein SA-like [KO:K02998]
105502234  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: 40S ribosomal protein SA-like [KO:K02998]
105509298  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: 40S ribosomal protein SA-like [KO:K02998]
105502723  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: 40S ribosomal protein SA-like [KO:K02998]
105516157  40S ribosomal protein SA-like [KO:K02998]
105518699  40S ribosomal protein SA-like [KO:K02998]
105525780  40S ribosomal protein SA-like [KO:K02998]
105519655  40S ribosomal protein SA-like [KO:K02998]
105519798  RPSA; 40S ribosomal protein SA [KO:K02998]
105513170  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: 40S ribosomal protein SA-like [KO:K02998]
105506968  40S ribosomal protein SA-like [KO:K02998]
105513923  40S ribosomal protein SA-like [KO:K02998]
105521894  60S ribosomal protein L3-like isoform X1 [KO:K02925]
105526472  60S ribosomal protein L3-like [KO:K02925]
105520128  60S ribosomal protein L3-like isoform X1 [KO:K02925]
105527766  RPL3; 60S ribosomal protein L3 [KO:K02925]
105510528  RPL4; 60S ribosomal protein L4 [KO:K02930]
105515371  60S ribosomal protein L5 [KO:K02932]
105510335  RPL5; 60S ribosomal protein L5 [KO:K02932]
105502270  RPL6; 60S ribosomal protein L6 [KO:K02934]
105524407  60S ribosomal protein L6-like isoform X1 [KO:K02934]
105505498  60S ribosomal protein L6 [KO:K02934]
105522835  RPL7; 60S ribosomal protein L7 [KO:K02937]
105523958  60S ribosomal protein L7 isoform X1 [KO:K02937]
105503976  RPL7A; 60S ribosomal protein L7a [KO:K02936]
105519459  60S ribosomal protein L7a [KO:K02936]
105506775  60S ribosomal protein L7a-like [KO:K02936]
105508958  RPL8; 60S ribosomal protein L8 [KO:K02938]
105525626  60S ribosomal protein L8 isoform X1 [KO:K02938]
105515706  60S ribosomal protein L9-like isoform X1 [KO:K02940]
105516533  60S ribosomal protein L9-like isoform X1 [KO:K02940]
105516776  RPL9; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: 60S ribosomal protein L9 [KO:K02940]
105507561  60S ribosomal protein L9 [KO:K02940]
105515282  RPL10L; 60S ribosomal protein L10-like isoform X1 [KO:K02866]
105522922  60S ribosomal protein L10-like [KO:K02866]
105524760  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: uncharacterized protein LOC105524760 [KO:K02866]
105511469  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: uncharacterized protein LOC105511469 [KO:K02866]
105525216  60S ribosomal protein L10-like [KO:K02866]
105521640  RPL10; 60S ribosomal protein L10 isoform X1 [KO:K02866]
105526367  60S ribosomal protein L10a isoform X1 [KO:K02865]
105514263  RPL10A; 60S ribosomal protein L10a [KO:K02865]
105516260  60S ribosomal protein L11-like [KO:K02868]
105520032  60S ribosomal protein L11-like [KO:K02868]
105504083  RPL12; 60S ribosomal protein L12 isoform X1 [KO:K02870]
105514258  60S ribosomal protein L12-like [KO:K02870]
105501924  RPL13; 60S ribosomal protein L13 [KO:K02873]
105514769  RPL13A; 60S ribosomal protein L13a isoform X1 [KO:K02872]
105518081  RPL14; 60S ribosomal protein L14 isoform X1 [KO:K02875]
105505790  RPL15; 60S ribosomal protein L15 isoform X1 [KO:K02877]
105508137  60S ribosomal protein L17 [KO:K02880]
105502361  RPL17; 60S ribosomal protein L17 isoform X1 [KO:K02880]
105514802  RPL18; 60S ribosomal protein L18 isoform X1 [KO:K02883]
105500329  RPL18A; 60S ribosomal protein L18a [KO:K02882]
105503130  RPL19; 60S ribosomal protein L19 isoform X1 [KO:K02885]
105501682  60S ribosomal protein L21-like [KO:K02889]
105523567  RPL21; 60S ribosomal protein L21 [KO:K02889]
105510917  60S ribosomal protein L21 [KO:K02889]
105518608  60S ribosomal protein L21 [KO:K02889]
105509163  RPL22; 60S ribosomal protein L22 isoform X1 [KO:K02891]
105516716  RPL22L1; 60S ribosomal protein L22-like 1 [KO:K02891]
105524537  RPL23; 60S ribosomal protein L23 [KO:K02894]
105510843  RPL23A; 60S ribosomal protein L23a [KO:K02893]
105512513  60S ribosomal protein L23a [KO:K02893]
105519555  60S ribosomal protein L23a [KO:K02893]
105500477  60S ribosomal protein L23a [KO:K02893]
105502240  RSL24D1; probable ribosome biogenesis protein RLP24 [KO:K02896]
105521016  RPL24; 60S ribosomal protein L24 isoform X1 [KO:K02896]
105515885  RPL26L1; 60S ribosomal protein L26-like 1 [KO:K02898]
105509332  60S ribosomal protein L26-like [KO:K02898]
105523653  RPL26; 60S ribosomal protein L26 [KO:K02898]
105510985  60S ribosomal protein L26-like [KO:K02898]
105511007  60S ribosomal protein L26-like [KO:K02898]
105518894  60S ribosomal protein L26-like [KO:K02898]
105526358  60S ribosomal protein L26-like [KO:K02898]
105513241  60S ribosomal protein L26-like [KO:K02898]
105502976  RPL27; 60S ribosomal protein L27 [KO:K02901]
105510039  60S ribosomal protein L27-like [KO:K02901]
105515514  60S ribosomal protein L27a-like [KO:K02900]
105515721  RPL27A; 60S ribosomal protein L27a isoform X1 [KO:K02900]
105517043  60S ribosomal protein L27a-like [KO:K02900]
105524125  60S ribosomal protein L27a-like [KO:K02900]
105507395  60S ribosomal protein L27a-like [KO:K02900]
105507618  60S ribosomal protein L27a-like [KO:K02900]
105504860  RPL28; 60S ribosomal protein L28 isoform X1 [KO:K02903]
105508402  60S ribosomal protein L29-like [KO:K02905]
105523057  60S ribosomal protein L29-like [KO:K02905]
105502490  60S ribosomal protein L29 [KO:K02905]
105523845  RPL29; 60S ribosomal protein L29 [KO:K02905]
105517380  60S ribosomal protein L29 [KO:K02905]
105517787  60S ribosomal protein L29-like [KO:K02905]
105524498  60S ribosomal protein L29-like [KO:K02905]
105518181  60S ribosomal protein L29 [KO:K02905]
105518918  60S ribosomal protein L29-like [KO:K02905]
105505396  60S ribosomal protein L29-like [KO:K02905]
105512548  60S ribosomal protein L29-like [KO:K02905]
105512554  60S ribosomal protein L29-like [KO:K02905]
105526688  60S ribosomal protein L29-like [KO:K02905]
105526689  60S ribosomal protein L29-like [KO:K02905]
105513265  60S ribosomal protein L29-like [KO:K02905]
105527392  60S ribosomal protein L29 [KO:K02905]
105507733  60S ribosomal protein L29 [KO:K02905]
105516942  60S ribosomal protein L30-like [KO:K02908]
105519395  RPL30; 60S ribosomal protein L30 isoform X1 [KO:K02908]
105522155  RPL31; 60S ribosomal protein L31 isoform X1 [KO:K02910]
105515280  60S ribosomal protein L31 [KO:K02910]
105517574  60S ribosomal protein L31 [KO:K02910]
105509916  60S ribosomal protein L32-like [KO:K02912]
105518026  RPL32; 60S ribosomal protein L32 [KO:K02912]
105512875  60S ribosomal protein L32-like [KO:K02912]
105522455  60S ribosomal protein L34 [KO:K02915]
105514401  RPL34; 60S ribosomal protein L34 [KO:K02915]
105517006  60S ribosomal protein L35 [KO:K02918]
105504104  RPL35; 60S ribosomal protein L35 [KO:K02918]
105527438  60S ribosomal protein L35 [KO:K02918]
105525495  RPL35A; 60S ribosomal protein L35a isoform X1 [KO:K02917]
105516075  60S ribosomal protein L36 [KO:K02920]
105512863  RPL36; 60S ribosomal protein L36 [KO:K02920]
105522916  putative 60S ribosomal protein L36-like 1 [KO:K02920]
105512101  60S ribosomal protein L37 [KO:K02922]
105513525  RPL37; 60S ribosomal protein L37 [KO:K02922]
105523260  putative 60S ribosomal protein L37a [KO:K02921]
105524813  putative 60S ribosomal protein L37a [KO:K02921]
105504749  RPL37A; 60S ribosomal protein L37a [KO:K02921]
105525411  putative 60S ribosomal protein L37a [KO:K02921]
105505196  putative 60S ribosomal protein L37a [KO:K02921]
105513174  putative 60S ribosomal protein L37a [KO:K02921]
105508091  RPL38; 60S ribosomal protein L38 isoform X1 [KO:K02923]
105521899  ubiquitin-like [KO:K02927]
105504882  ubiquitin-60S ribosomal protein L40-like [KO:K02927]
105500349  UBA52; ubiquitin-60S ribosomal protein L40 isoform X1 [KO:K02927]
105518716  60S ribosomal protein L41 [KO:K02928]
105500559  RPL41; 60S ribosomal protein L41 [KO:K02928]
105508540  60S ribosomal protein L36a [KO:K02929]
105515272  RPL36AL; 60S ribosomal protein L36a-like [KO:K02929]
105503173  60S ribosomal protein L36a-like [KO:K02929]
105509935  60S ribosomal protein L36a [KO:K02929]
105504189  60S ribosomal protein L36a-like [KO:K02929]
105504552  60S ribosomal protein L36a [KO:K02929]
105505857  60S ribosomal protein L36a-like [KO:K02929]
105520680  RPL36A; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: 60S ribosomal protein L36a [KO:K02929]
105507197  60S ribosomal protein L36a-like [KO:K02929]
105516370  RPLP0; 60S acidic ribosomal protein P0 isoform X1 [KO:K02941]
105523191  60S acidic ribosomal protein P1-like [KO:K02942]
105510502  RPLP1; 60S acidic ribosomal protein P1 isoform X1 [KO:K02942]
105518238  60S acidic ribosomal protein P1-like isoform X1 [KO:K02942]
105511860  60S acidic ribosomal protein P1-like [KO:K02942]
105503204  RPLP2; 60S acidic ribosomal protein P2 [KO:K02943]
105509184  putative V-set and immunoglobulin domain-containing-like protein IGHV4OR15-8 [KO:K06856]
105525086  putative V-set and immunoglobulin domain-containing-like protein IGHV4OR15-8 isoform X1 [KO:K06856]
105525098  putative V-set and immunoglobulin domain-containing-like protein IGHV4OR15-8 [KO:K06856]
105525110  uncharacterized protein LOC105525110 [KO:K06856]
105525116  uncharacterized protein LOC105525116 [KO:K06856]
105519604  FCGR2A; low affinity immunoglobulin gamma Fc region receptor II-a isoform X1 [KO:K06472]
105516007  SYK; tyrosine-protein kinase SYK isoform X1 [KO:K05855] [EC:2.7.10.2]
105523405  PIK3CB; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
105523708  PIK3CA; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
105507333  PIK3CD; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
105524169  PIK3R1; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K02649]
105500411  PIK3R2; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit beta [KO:K02649]
105515019  PIK3R3; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit gamma isoform X1 [KO:K02649]
105502491  PLCG1; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase gamma-1 isoform X1 [KO:K01116] [EC:3.1.4.11]
105511970  PLCG2; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase gamma-2 [KO:K05859] [EC:3.1.4.11]
105503488  PRKCA; protein kinase C alpha type [KO:K02677] [EC:2.7.11.13]
105523456  PRKCB; protein kinase C beta type [KO:K19662] [EC:2.7.11.13]
105524211  PRKCG; protein kinase C gamma type isoform X1 [KO:K19663] [EC:2.7.11.13]
105515489  MAPK1; mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
105505634  MAPK3; mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 isoform X1 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
105511987  MAPK11; mitogen-activated protein kinase 11 [KO:K04441] [EC:2.7.11.24]
105512012  MAPK12; mitogen-activated protein kinase 12 [KO:K04441] [EC:2.7.11.24]
105514175  MAPK14; mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 isoform X1 [KO:K04441] [EC:2.7.11.24]
105514260  MAPK13; mitogen-activated protein kinase 13 [KO:K04441] [EC:2.7.11.24]
105524473  toll-like receptor 2 [KO:K10159]
105517525  TLR4; toll-like receptor 4 isoform X1 [KO:K10160]
105519819  MYD88; myeloid differentiation primary response protein MyD88 isoform X1 [KO:K04729]
105518050  TLR7; toll-like receptor 7 [KO:K05404]
105518049  TLR8; toll-like receptor 8 [KO:K10170]
105507588  IRAK4; interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 4 [KO:K04733] [EC:2.7.11.1]
105521650  IRAK1; interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 1 [KO:K04730] [EC:2.7.11.1]
105510802  TRAF6; TNF receptor-associated factor 6 [KO:K03175] [EC:2.3.2.27]
105511739  MAP3K7; mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 7 isoform X1 [KO:K04427] [EC:2.7.11.25]
105515555  TAB2; TGF-beta-activated kinase 1 and MAP3K7-binding protein 2 [KO:K04404]
105517705  MAPK8; mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
105518701  MAPK10; mitogen-activated protein kinase 10 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
105519528  MAPK9; mitogen-activated protein kinase 9 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
105517139  FOS; proto-oncogene c-Fos isoform X1 [KO:K04379]
105511418  JUN; transcription factor AP-1 [KO:K04448]
105507149  CHUK; inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit alpha [KO:K04467] [EC:2.7.11.10]
105525125  IKBKB; inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit beta isoform X1 [KO:K07209] [EC:2.7.11.10]
105527033  IKBKG; NF-kappa-B essential modulator [KO:K07210]
105521525  NLRP3; NACHT, LRR and PYD domains-containing protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K12800]
105501187  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: caspase-1-like [KO:K01370] [EC:3.4.22.36]
105500956  CASP5; caspase-5 isoform X1 [KO:K01370] [EC:3.4.22.36]
105500957  caspase-1-like [KO:K01370] [EC:3.4.22.36]
105524325  TLR3; toll-like receptor 3 [KO:K05401]
105516444  DDX58; probable ATP-dependent RNA helicase DDX58 [KO:K12646] [EC:5.6.2.6]
105522006  ISG15; ubiquitin-like protein ISG15 isoform X1 [KO:K12159]
105515310  IFIH1; interferon-induced helicase C domain-containing protein 1 [KO:K12647] [EC:5.6.2.6]
105512800  MAVS; mitochondrial antiviral-signaling protein [KO:K12648]
105518439  TRAF3; TNF receptor-associated factor 3 isoform X1 [KO:K03174]
105509453  IKBKE; inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit epsilon [KO:K07211] [EC:2.7.11.10]
105502730  TBK1; serine/threonine-protein kinase TBK1 [KO:K05410] [EC:2.7.11.10]
105514764  IRF3; interferon regulatory factor 3 isoform X1 [KO:K05411]
105513551  MB21D1; cyclic GMP-AMP synthase [KO:K17834] [EC:2.7.7.86]
105506995  TMEM173; stimulator of interferon genes protein [KO:K12654]
105503436  interferon alpha-1/13 [KO:K05414]
105503438  IFNA8; interferon alpha-8 [KO:K05414]
105503439  IFNA2; interferon alpha-2 [KO:K05414]
105503440  interferon alpha-1/13-like [KO:K05414]
105503441  interferon alpha-1/13-like [KO:K05414]
105503442  interferon alpha-6 [KO:K05414]
105503444  IFNA14; interferon alpha-14 [KO:K05414]
105503445  interferon alpha-4 [KO:K05414]
105503446  interferon alpha-4-like [KO:K05414]
105503447  interferon alpha-17-like [KO:K05414]
105503449  interferon alpha-10 [KO:K05414]
105503452  IFNB1; interferon beta [KO:K05415]
105524762  IFNAR1; interferon alpha/beta receptor 1 [KO:K05130]
105524754  IFNAR2; interferon alpha/beta receptor 2 isoform X1 [KO:K05131]
105507777  STAT1; signal transducer and activator of transcription 1-alpha/beta isoform X1 [KO:K11220]
105500610  STAT2; signal transducer and activator of transcription 2 [KO:K11221]
105503733  IRF9; interferon regulatory factor 9 isoform X1 [KO:K04693]
105502009  ADAR; double-stranded RNA-specific adenosine deaminase isoform X1 [KO:K12968] [EC:3.5.4.37]
105502273  OAS1; 2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthase 1 isoform X1 [KO:K14216] [EC:2.7.7.84]
105502274  OAS3; 2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthase 3 [KO:K14216] [EC:2.7.7.84]
105502275  OAS2; 2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthase 2 [KO:K14216] [EC:2.7.7.84]
105520373  MX2; interferon-induced GTP-binding protein Mx2 [KO:K14754]
105520374  MX1; interferon-induced GTP-binding protein Mx1 [KO:K14754]
105507534  EIF2AK2; interferon-induced, double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase [KO:K16195] [EC:2.7.11.1]
105501008  C5AR1; C5a anaphylatoxin chemotactic receptor 1 [KO:K04010]
105520022  C3AR1; C3a anaphylatoxin chemotactic receptor isoform X1 [KO:K04009]
105512957  C3; complement C3 [KO:K03990]
105513764  CFB; complement factor B [KO:K01335] [EC:3.4.21.47]
105527672  CFD; complement factor D [KO:K01334] [EC:3.4.21.46]
105501454  C5; complement C5 [KO:K03994]
105513531  C6; complement component C6 isoform X1 [KO:K03995]
105513530  C7; complement component C7 [KO:K03996]
105511299  C8A; complement component C8 alpha chain [KO:K03997]
105511278  C8B; complement component C8 beta chain isoform X1 [KO:K03998]
105522698  C8G; complement component C8 gamma chain [KO:K03999]
105513518  C9; complement component C9 [KO:K04000]
105526315  SELP; P-selectin isoform X1 [KO:K06496]
105521211  VWF; von Willebrand factor [KO:K03900]
105514277  C1QA; complement C1q subcomponent subunit A [KO:K03986]
105514278  C1QB; complement C1q subcomponent subunit B isoform X1 [KO:K03987]
105514280  C1QC; complement C1q subcomponent subunit C isoform X1 [KO:K03988]
105519176  C1R; complement C1r subcomponent isoform X1 [KO:K01330] [EC:3.4.21.41]
105519191  C1S; complement C1s subcomponent isoform X1 [KO:K01331] [EC:3.4.21.42]
105513812  C2; complement C2 [KO:K01332] [EC:3.4.21.43]
105513813  complement C4-A [KO:K03989]
105502483  mannose-binding protein A-like isoform X1 [KO:K03991]
105509531  MBL2; mannose-binding protein C [KO:K03991]
105525819  MASP1; mannan-binding lectin serine protease 1 isoform X1 [KO:K03992] [EC:3.4.21.-]
105507351  MASP2; mannan-binding lectin serine protease 2 [KO:K03993] [EC:3.4.21.104]
105527120  F2; prothrombin [KO:K01313] [EC:3.4.21.5]
105526608  F13A1; coagulation factor XIII A chain [KO:K03917] [EC:2.3.2.13]
105518579  F13B; coagulation factor XIII B chain [KO:K03906]
105524464  FGA; fibrinogen alpha chain [KO:K03903]
105524465  FGB; fibrinogen beta chain isoform X1 [KO:K03904]
105524463  FGG; fibrinogen gamma chain isoform X1 [KO:K03905]
Compound
C00027  Hydrogen peroxide
C00046  RNA
C00165  Diacylglycerol
C00290  Fibrin
C00533  Nitric oxide
C00704  Superoxide
C00873  Angiotensin I
C02135  Angiotensin II
C15850  Angiotensin (1-7)
C20640  Cyclic GMP-AMP
Reference
PMID:33132005
  Authors
Harrison AG, Lin T, Wang P
  Title
Mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 Transmission and Pathogenesis.
  Journal
Trends Immunol S1471-4906(20)30233-7 (2020)
DOI:10.1016/j.it.2020.10.004
Reference
PMID:33077917
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Perico L, Benigni A, Casiraghi F, Ng LFP, Renia L, Remuzzi G
  Title
Immunity, endothelial injury and complement-induced coagulopathy in COVID-19.
  Journal
Nat Rev Nephrol 10.1038/s41581-020-00357-4 (2020)
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Reference
PMID:32820801
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Battagello DS, Dragunas G, Klein MO, Ayub ALP, Velloso FJ, Correa RG
  Title
Unpuzzling COVID-19: tissue-related signaling pathways associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection and transmission.
  Journal
Clin Sci (Lond) 134:2137-2160 (2020)
DOI:10.1042/CS20200904
Reference
PMID:32353634
  Authors
Felsenstein S, Herbert JA, McNamara PS, Hedrich CM
  Title
COVID-19: Immunology and treatment options.
  Journal
Clin Immunol 215:108448 (2020)
DOI:10.1016/j.clim.2020.108448
Reference
PMID:33014208
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Hojyo S, Uchida M, Tanaka K, Hasebe R, Tanaka Y, Murakami M, Hirano T
  Title
How COVID-19 induces cytokine storm with high mortality.
  Journal
Inflamm Regen 40:37 (2020)
DOI:10.1186/s41232-020-00146-3
Reference
PMID:32544563
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Mahmudpour M, Roozbeh J, Keshavarz M, Farrokhi S, Nabipour I
  Title
COVID-19 cytokine storm: The anger of inflammation.
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Cytokine 133:155151 (2020)
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Reference
PMID:32635353
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Farooqi F, Dhawan N, Morgan R, Dinh J, Nedd K, Yatzkan G
  Title
Treatment of Severe COVID-19 with Tocilizumab Mitigates Cytokine Storm and Averts Mechanical Ventilation During Acute Respiratory Distress: A Case Report and Literature Review.
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Trop Med Infect Dis 5:E112 (2020)
DOI:10.3390/tropicalmed5030112
Reference
PMID:32376392
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Jamilloux Y, Henry T, Belot A, Viel S, Fauter M, El Jammal T, Walzer T, Francois B, Seve P
  Title
Should we stimulate or suppress immune responses in COVID-19? Cytokine and anti-cytokine interventions.
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Autoimmun Rev 19:102567 (2020)
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Reference
PMID:32722596
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Kiselevskiy M, Shubina I, Chikileva I, Sitdikova S, Samoylenko I, Anisimova N, Kirgizov K, Suleimanova A, Gorbunova T, Varfolomeeva S
  Title
Immune Pathogenesis of COVID-19 Intoxication: Storm or Silence?
  Journal
Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 13:E166 (2020)
DOI:10.3390/ph13080166
Reference
PMID:32922297
  Authors
Curran CS, Rivera DR, Kopp JB
  Title
COVID-19 Usurps Host Regulatory Networks.
  Journal
Front Pharmacol 11:1278 (2020)
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Reference
PMID:33055229
  Authors
Quan C, Li C, Ma H, Li Y, Zhang H
  Title
Immunopathogenesis of Coronavirus-Induced Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS): Potential Infection-Associated Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis.
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Clin Microbiol Rev 34:e00074-20 (2020)
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Reference
PMID:32973803
  Authors
Ahmed-Hassan H, Sisson B, Shukla RK, Wijewantha Y, Funderburg NT, Li Z, Hayes D Jr, Demberg T, Liyanage NPM
  Title
Innate Immune Responses to Highly Pathogenic Coronaviruses and Other Significant Respiratory Viral Infections.
  Journal
Front Immunol 11:1979 (2020)
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Reference
PMID:32346093
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Tay MZ, Poh CM, Renia L, MacAry PA, Ng LFP
  Title
The trinity of COVID-19: immunity, inflammation and intervention.
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Nat Rev Immunol 20:363-374 (2020)
DOI:10.1038/s41577-020-0311-8
Reference
PMID:32979938
  Authors
Xia H, Cao Z, Xie X, Zhang X, Chen JY, Wang H, Menachery VD, Rajsbaum R, Shi PY
  Title
Evasion of Type I Interferon by SARS-CoV-2.
  Journal
Cell Rep 33:108234 (2020)
DOI:10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108234
Reference
PMID:32661197
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Hartenian E, Nandakumar D, Lari A, Ly M, Tucker JM, Glaunsinger BA
  Title
The molecular virology of coronaviruses.
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J Biol Chem 295:12910-12934 (2020)
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Reference
PMID:32978971
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Amor S, Fernandez Blanco L, Baker D
  Title
Innate immunity during SARS-CoV-2: evasion strategies and activation trigger hypoxia and vascular damage.
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Clin Exp Immunol 202:193-209 (2020)
DOI:10.1111/cei.13523
Reference
PMID:32467561
  Authors
Catanzaro M, Fagiani F, Racchi M, Corsini E, Govoni S, Lanni C
  Title
Immune response in COVID-19: addressing a pharmacological challenge by targeting pathways triggered by SARS-CoV-2.
  Journal
Signal Transduct Target Ther 5:84 (2020)
DOI:10.1038/s41392-020-0191-1
Reference
PMID:32687918
  Authors
Jafarzadeh A, Chauhan P, Saha B, Jafarzadeh S, Nemati M
  Title
Contribution of monocytes and macrophages to the local tissue inflammation and cytokine storm in COVID-19: Lessons from SARS and MERS, and potential therapeutic interventions.
  Journal
Life Sci 257:118102 (2020)
DOI:10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118102
Reference
PMID:32376901
  Authors
Merad M, Martin JC
  Title
Pathological inflammation in patients with COVID-19: a key role for monocytes and macrophages.
  Journal
Nat Rev Immunol 20:355-362 (2020)
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Reference
PMID:32246101
  Authors
South AM, Tomlinson L, Edmonston D, Hiremath S, Sparks MA
  Title
Controversies of renin-angiotensin system inhibition during the COVID-19 pandemic.
  Journal
Nat Rev Nephrol 16:305-307 (2020)
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Reference
PMID:32433641
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Furuhashi M, Moniwa N, Takizawa H, Ura N, Shimamoto K
  Title
Potential differential effects of renin-angiotensin system inhibitors on SARS-CoV-2 infection and lung injury in COVID-19.
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Hypertens Res 43:837-840 (2020)
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Reference
PMID:32423094
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Gemmati D, Bramanti B, Serino ML, Secchiero P, Zauli G, Tisato V
  Title
COVID-19 and Individual Genetic Susceptibility/Receptivity: Role of ACE1/ACE2 Genes, Immunity, Inflammation and Coagulation. Might the Double X-chromosome in Females Be Protective against SARS-CoV-2 Compared to the Single X-Chromosome in Males?
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Int J Mol Sci 21:E3474 (2020)
DOI:10.3390/ijms21103474
Reference
PMID:33184193
  Authors
Kielian M
  Title
Enhancing host cell infection by SARS-CoV-2.
  Journal
Science 370:765-766 (2020)
DOI:10.1126/science.abf0732
Reference
PMID:32327719
  Authors
Risitano AM, Mastellos DC, Huber-Lang M, Yancopoulou D, Garlanda C, Ciceri F, Lambris JD
  Title
Complement as a target in COVID-19?
  Journal
Nat Rev Immunol 20:343-344 (2020)
DOI:10.1038/s41577-020-0320-7
Reference
PMID:32461141
  Authors
Noris M, Benigni A, Remuzzi G
  Title
The case of complement activation in COVID-19 multiorgan impact.
  Journal
Kidney Int 98:314-322 (2020)
DOI:10.1016/j.kint.2020.05.013
Reference
PMID:32559343
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Polycarpou A, Howard M, Farrar CA, Greenlaw R, Fanelli G, Wallis R, Klavinskis LS, Sacks S
  Title
Rationale for targeting complement in COVID-19.
  Journal
EMBO Mol Med 12:e12642 (2020)
DOI:10.15252/emmm.202012642
Reference
PMID:32439870
  Authors
Teuwen LA, Geldhof V, Pasut A, Carmeliet P
  Title
COVID-19: the vasculature unleashed.
  Journal
Nat Rev Immunol 20:389-391 (2020)
DOI:10.1038/s41577-020-0343-0
Reference
PMID:32643798
  Authors
Jodele S, Kohl J
  Title
Tackling COVID-19 infection through complement-targeted immunotherapy.
  Journal
Br J Pharmacol 178:2832-2848 (2021)
DOI:10.1111/bph.15187
Reference
PMID:32608159
  Authors
Chauhan AJ, Wiffen LJ, Brown TP
  Title
COVID-19: A collision of complement, coagulation and inflammatory pathways.
  Journal
J Thromb Haemost 18:2110-2117 (2020)
DOI:10.1111/jth.14981
Reference
PMID:32558620
  Authors
Colling ME, Kanthi Y
  Title
COVID-19-associated coagulopathy: An exploration of mechanisms.
  Journal
Vasc Med 25:471-478 (2020)
DOI:10.1177/1358863X20932640
Reference
PMID:32586214
  Authors
McFadyen JD, Stevens H, Peter K
  Title
The Emerging Threat of (Micro)Thrombosis in COVID-19 and Its Therapeutic Implications.
  Journal
Circ Res 127:571-587 (2020)
DOI:10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.120.317447
Reference
PMID:32995777
  Authors
Shi M, Wang L, Fontana P, Vora S, Zhang Y, Fu TM, Lieberman J, Wu H
  Title
SARS-CoV-2 Nsp1 suppresses host but not viral translation through a bipartite mechanism.
  Journal
bioRxiv 2020.09.18.302901 (2020)
DOI:10.1101/2020.09.18.302901
Reference
PMID:32693241
  Authors
Paniri A, Akhavan-Niaki H
  Title
Emerging role of IL-6 and NLRP3 inflammasome as potential therapeutic targets to combat COVID-19: Role of lncRNAs in cytokine storm modulation.
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Life Sci 257:118114 (2020)
DOI:10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118114
Reference
PMID:32405269
  Authors
Omarjee L, Janin A, Perrot F, Laviolle B, Meilhac O, Mahe G
  Title
Targeting T-cell senescence and cytokine storm with rapamycin to prevent severe progression in COVID-19.
  Journal
Clin Immunol 216:108464 (2020)
DOI:10.1016/j.clim.2020.108464
Reference
PMID:32337664
  Authors
Zhang S, Li L, Shen A, Chen Y, Qi Z
  Title
Rational Use of Tocilizumab in the Treatment of Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia.
  Journal
Clin Drug Investig 40:511-518 (2020)
DOI:10.1007/s40261-020-00917-3
Related
pathway
cang03015  mRNA surveillance pathway
cang04144  Endocytosis
cang04270  Vascular smooth muscle contraction
cang04610  Complement and coagulation cascades
cang04611  Platelet activation
cang04613  Neutrophil extracellular trap formation
cang04614  Renin-angiotensin system
cang04620  Toll-like receptor signaling pathway
cang04621  NOD-like receptor signaling pathway
cang04622  RIG-I-like receptor signaling pathway
cang04623  Cytosolic DNA-sensing pathway
cang04630  JAK-STAT signaling pathway
cang04650  Natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity
cang04666  Fc gamma R-mediated phagocytosis
cang04668  TNF signaling pathway
cang04670  Leukocyte transendothelial migration
KO pathway
ko05171   
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