KEGG   PATHWAY: mun05010
Entry
mun05010                    Pathway                                
Name
Alzheimer disease - Meriones unguiculatus (Mongolian gerbil)
Description
Alzheimer disease (AD) is a chronic disorder that slowly destroys neurons and causes serious cognitive disability. AD is associated with senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs). Amyloid-beta (Abeta), a major component of senile plaques, has various pathological effects on cell and organelle function. To date genetic studies have revealed four genes that may be linked to autosomal dominant or familial early onset AD (FAD). These four genes include: amyloid precursor protein (APP), presenilin 1 (PS1), presenilin 2 (PS2) and apolipoprotein E (ApoE). All mutations associated with APP and PS proteins can lead to an increase in the production of Abeta peptides, specfically the more amyloidogenic form, Abeta42. It was proposed that Abeta form Ca2+ permeable pores and bind to and modulate multiple synaptic proteins, including NMDAR, mGluR5 and VGCC, leading to the overfilling of neurons with calcium ions. Consequently, cellular Ca2+ disruptions will lead to neuronal apoptosis, autophagy deficits, mitochondrial abnormality, defective neurotransmission, impaired synaptic plasticity and neurodegeneration in AD. FAD-linked PS1 mutation downregulates the unfolded protein response and leads to vulnerability to ER stress.
Class
Human Diseases; Neurodegenerative disease
Pathway map
mun05010  Alzheimer disease
mun05010

Organism
Meriones unguiculatus (Mongolian gerbil) [GN:mun]
Gene
110561143  Adam10; disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 10 [KO:K06704] [EC:3.4.24.81]
110564190  Adam17; disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17 isoform X1 [KO:K06059] [EC:3.4.24.86]
110561809  App; amyloid-beta precursor protein isoform X1 [KO:K04520]
110559741  Nae1; NEDD8-activating enzyme E1 regulatory subunit isoform X1 [KO:K04532]
110559575  Apbb1; amyloid beta precursor protein binding family B member 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04529]
110548566  Gapdh; glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase [KO:K00134] [EC:1.2.1.12]
110550214  glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase-like [KO:K00134] [EC:1.2.1.12]
110556344  glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase-like [KO:K00134] [EC:1.2.1.12]
110550109  Bace1; beta-secretase 1 [KO:K04521] [EC:3.4.23.46]
110553487  Bace2; beta-secretase 2 [KO:K07747] [EC:3.4.23.45]
110551599  Rtn3; reticulon-3 isoform X2 [KO:K20723]
110557353  Rtn4; reticulon-4 isoform X1 [KO:K20720]
110550973  Psenen; gamma-secretase subunit PEN-2 [KO:K06170]
110563098  gamma-secretase subunit PEN-2-like [KO:K06170]
110558609  Psen1; presenilin-1 [KO:K04505] [EC:3.4.23.-]
110559485  Psen2; presenilin-2 isoform X1 [KO:K04522] [EC:3.4.23.-]
110556702  Ncstn; nicastrin isoform X1 [KO:K06171]
110549294  Aph1b; gamma-secretase subunit APH-1B isoform X1 [KO:K06172]
110556660  Aph1a; gamma-secretase subunit APH-1A [KO:K06172]
110545280  Ide; insulin-degrading enzyme isoform X1 [KO:K01408] [EC:3.4.24.56]
110553985  Mme; neprilysin [KO:K01389] [EC:3.4.24.11]
110545637  Mapt; microtubule-associated protein tau isoform X11 [KO:K04380]
18129817  ND1; NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1 [KO:K03878] [EC:7.1.1.2]
18129806  ND2; NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2 [KO:K03879] [EC:7.1.1.2]
18129811  ND3; NADH dehydrogenase subunit 3 [KO:K03880] [EC:7.1.1.2]
18129813  ND4; NADH dehydrogenase subunit 4 [KO:K03881] [EC:7.1.1.2]
18129812  ND4L; NADH dehydrogenase subunit 4L [KO:K03882] [EC:7.1.1.2]
18129814  ND5; NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5 [KO:K03883] [EC:7.1.1.2]
18129815  ND6; NADH dehydrogenase subunit 6 [KO:K03884] [EC:7.1.1.2]
110547204  Ndufv1; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein 1, mitochondrial [KO:K03942] [EC:7.1.1.2]
110544152  Ndufv2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein 2, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K03943] [EC:7.1.1.2]
110554348  NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein 3, mitochondrial-like [KO:K03944]
110553314  Ndufv3; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein 3, mitochondrial isoform X2 [KO:K03944]
110563820  Ndufa1; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 1 [KO:K03945]
110548267  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 1-like [KO:K03945]
110560771  NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 1-like [KO:K03945]
110557374  Ndufa2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 2 [KO:K03946]
110556000  Ndufa3; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 3 [KO:K03947]
110566751  NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 3 [KO:K03947]
132649951  NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 3-like [KO:K03947]
110565792  Ndufa4; cytochrome c oxidase subunit NDUFA4 [KO:K03948]
110561559  Ndufa4l2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 4-like 2 [KO:K03948]
110549558  Ndufa5; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 5 [KO:K03949]
110542118  NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 5-like [KO:K03949]
110554107  Ndufa6; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 6 [KO:K03950]
110558125  Ndufa7; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 7 isoform X1 [KO:K03951]
110541122  Ndufa8; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 8 [KO:K03952]
110545555  Ndufa9; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 9, mitochondrial [KO:K03953]
110545748  Ndufa10; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 10, mitochondrial [KO:K03954]
110550637  Ndufab1; acyl carrier protein, mitochondrial [KO:K03955]
110554838  acyl carrier protein, mitochondrial-like [KO:K03955]
110546256  Ndufa11; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 11 [KO:K03956]
110554924  Ndufa12; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 12 [KO:K11352]
110549185  Ndufa13; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 13 [KO:K11353]
110556444  Ndufb1; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 1 isoform X1 [KO:K03957]
132646281  NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 1-like [KO:K03957]
132646755  NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 1-like [KO:K03957]
132652734  NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 1-like [KO:K03957]
110545792  Ndufb2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 2, mitochondrial [KO:K03958]
110557661  Ndufb3; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 3 [KO:K03959]
110565338  Ndufb4; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 4 [KO:K03960]
110556258  Ndufb5; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 5, mitochondrial [KO:K03961]
110561664  Ndufb6; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 6 [KO:K03962]
110545805  Ndufb7; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 7 [KO:K03963]
110556042  Ndufb8; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 8, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K03964]
110552437  Ndufb9; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 9 isoform X1 [KO:K03965]
110553035  Ndufb10; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 10 [KO:K03966]
110539398  Ndufb11; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 11, mitochondrial [KO:K11351]
110555344  Ndufs1; NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase 75 kDa subunit, mitochondrial [KO:K03934] [EC:7.1.1.2]
110554424  Ndufs2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 2, mitochondrial isoform X2 [KO:K03935] [EC:7.1.1.2]
110550736  Ndufs3; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 3, mitochondrial [KO:K03936] [EC:7.1.1.2]
110565491  Ndufs4; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 4, mitochondrial [KO:K03937]
110563867  Ndufs5; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 5 [KO:K03938]
110545374  Ndufs6; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 6, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K03939]
110559628  NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 6, mitochondrial [KO:K03939]
110551378  Ndufs7; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 7, mitochondrial isoform X2 [KO:K03940] [EC:7.1.1.2]
110547122  Ndufs8; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 8, mitochondrial [KO:K03941] [EC:7.1.1.2]
110545137  Ndufc1; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 subunit C1, mitochondrial [KO:K03967]
110547304  Ndufc2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 subunit C2 [KO:K03968]
110545371  Sdha; succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein subunit, mitochondrial [KO:K00234] [EC:1.3.5.1]
110542105  Sdhb; succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur subunit, mitochondrial [KO:K00235] [EC:1.3.5.1]
110565511  succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur subunit, mitochondrial [KO:K00235] [EC:1.3.5.1]
110554447  Sdhc; succinate dehydrogenase cytochrome b560 subunit, mitochondrial [KO:K00236]
110562010  Sdhd; succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] cytochrome b small subunit, mitochondrial [KO:K00237]
110558163  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit Rieske, mitochondrial [KO:K00411] [EC:7.1.1.8]
18129816  CYTB; cytochrome b [KO:K00412]
110562123  cytochrome c1, heme protein, mitochondrial [KO:K00413]
110565565  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 1, mitochondrial [KO:K00414]
110547840  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 2, mitochondrial [KO:K00415]
110563073  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 6, mitochondrial [KO:K00416]
110541587  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 7 isoform X1 [KO:K00417]
110566245  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 7-like [KO:K00417]
110548775  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 8 [KO:K00418]
110561759  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 8-like [KO:K00418]
110546118  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 9 [KO:K00419]
110551313  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 10 [KO:K00420]
132652984  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 10-like [KO:K00420]
18129810  COX3; cytochrome c oxidase subunit III [KO:K02262]
18129805  COX1; cytochrome c oxidase subunit I [KO:K02256] [EC:7.1.1.9]
18129807  COX2; cytochrome c oxidase subunit II [KO:K02261]
110551144  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 4 isoform 1, mitochondrial [KO:K02263]
110550097  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 4 isoform 2, mitochondrial [KO:K02263]
110558544  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 5A, mitochondrial [KO:K02264]
110545438  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 5B, mitochondrial [KO:K02265]
110544616  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 5B, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02265]
110553739  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6A2, mitochondrial [KO:K02266]
110551006  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6B1 [KO:K02267]
110561068  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6B2 [KO:K02267]
110549789  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6C-like [KO:K02268]
110563852  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6C-2 isoform X2 [KO:K02268]
110551767  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7A1, mitochondrial [KO:K02270]
110555467  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7A-related protein, mitochondrial [KO:K02270]
110562708  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7A2, mitochondrial isoform X2 [KO:K02270]
110541909  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7B, mitochondrial [KO:K02271]
110541746  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7B2, mitochondrial [KO:K02271]
110565114  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7B, mitochondrial [KO:K02271]
132647959  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7B, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02271]
110543482  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7B, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02271]
110540133  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7C, mitochondrial [KO:K02272]
110553885  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 8B, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02273]
110546301  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 8A, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02273]
110551609  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 8A, mitochondrial [KO:K02273]
110562020  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 8C, mitochondrial [KO:K02273]
110553531  Atp5f1a; ATP synthase subunit alpha, mitochondrial [KO:K02132]
110548986  Atp5f1b; ATP synthase subunit beta, mitochondrial [KO:K02133] [EC:7.1.2.2]
110545613  Atp5f1c; ATP synthase subunit gamma, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K02136]
110551379  Atp5f1d; ATP synthase subunit delta, mitochondrial [KO:K02134]
110556817  Atp5f1e; ATP synthase subunit epsilon, mitochondrial [KO:K02135]
18129809  ATP6; ATP synthase F0 subunit 6 [KO:K02126]
110562102  Atp5pb; ATP synthase F(0) complex subunit B1, mitochondrial [KO:K02127]
110556580  Atp5mc3; ATP synthase F(0) complex subunit C3, mitochondrial [KO:K02128]
110553412  Atp5mc1; ATP synthase F(0) complex subunit C1, mitochondrial [KO:K02128]
110552332  Atp5mc2; ATP synthase F(0) complex subunit C2, mitochondrial [KO:K02128]
110539874  ATP synthase F(0) complex subunit C2, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02128]
110559331  ATP synthase F(0) complex subunit C1, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02128]
110547691  Atp5pd; ATP synthase subunit d, mitochondrial [KO:K02138]
110542169  Atp5po; ATP synthase subunit O, mitochondrial [KO:K02137]
110565199  Atp5pf; ATP synthase-coupling factor 6, mitochondrial [KO:K02131]
18129808  ATP8; ATP synthase F0 subunit 8 [KO:K02125]
110540816  Hsd17b10; 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase type-2 [KO:K08683] [EC:1.1.1.35 1.1.1.178]
110558600  Ppid; peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase D isoform X1 [KO:K05864] [EC:5.2.1.8]
110549632  Vdac1; voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 1 [KO:K05862]
110548867  Vdac2; voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 2 [KO:K15040]
110556618  Vdac3; voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 3 [KO:K15041]
110556812  Slc25a4; ADP/ATP translocase 1 [KO:K05863]
110566446  Slc25a5; ADP/ATP translocase 2 [KO:K05863]
110566972  Slc25a31; ADP/ATP translocase 4 [KO:K05863]
110565488  Ppif; peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase F, mitochondrial isoform X2 [KO:K09565] [EC:5.2.1.8]
110541256  Lpl; lipoprotein lipase [KO:K01059] [EC:3.1.1.34]
110551536  Apoe; apolipoprotein E [KO:K04524]
110561566  Lrp1; prolow-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 [KO:K04550]
110561521  Fas; tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 6 isoform X1 [KO:K04390]
110548604  Tnfrsf1a; tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 1A [KO:K03158]
110546885  Fadd; FAS-associated death domain protein [KO:K02373]
110557662  Casp8; caspase-8 isoform X1 [KO:K04398] [EC:3.4.22.61]
110546065  Bid; BH3-interacting domain death agonist isoform X2 [KO:K04726]
110561484  Calm1; calmodulin-1 [KO:K02183]
110562918  Calm2; calmodulin-2 [KO:K02183]
110552646  Calm3; calmodulin-3 [KO:K02183]
110550527  Calml4; calmodulin-like protein 4 isoform X1 [KO:K02183]
110560701  Calml3; calmodulin-like protein 3 [KO:K02183]
110560702  calmodulin-4-like [KO:K02183]
110555973  Ppp3ca; protein phosphatase 3 catalytic subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04348] [EC:3.1.3.16]
110551992  Ppp3cb; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2B catalytic subunit beta isoform isoform X4 [KO:K04348] [EC:3.1.3.16]
110551668  Ppp3cc; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2B catalytic subunit gamma isoform isoform X2 [KO:K04348] [EC:3.1.3.16]
110558957  Ppp3r1; calcineurin subunit B type 1 [KO:K06268]
110561325  Ppp3r2; calcineurin subunit B type 2 [KO:K06268]
110551603  Bad; bcl2-associated agonist of cell death isoform X1 [KO:K02158]
110545164  cytochrome c, somatic [KO:K08738]
110555979  cytochrome c, testis-specific [KO:K08738]
110563439  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: cytochrome c, testis-specific-like [KO:K08738]
110559601  cytochrome c, somatic-like [KO:K08738]
110549868  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: cytochrome c, somatic-like [KO:K08738]
110552819  cytochrome c, somatic-like [KO:K08738]
110541243  Apaf1; apoptotic protease-activating factor 1 isoform X1 [KO:K02084]
110545060  Casp9; caspase-9 isoform X1 [KO:K04399] [EC:3.4.22.62]
132653623  Casp3; caspase-3 isoform X1 [KO:K02187] [EC:3.4.22.56]
110557477  Chrm1; muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1 [KO:K04129]
110551449  Chrm3; muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3 [KO:K04131]
110555487  Chrm5; muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M5 [KO:K04133]
110539846  Grm5; metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 isoform X1 [KO:K04604]
110562511  Gnaq; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(q) subunit alpha [KO:K04634]
110563159  1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-4 isoform X1 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
110555720  Plcb1; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-1 isoform X1 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
110551595  Plcb3; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-3 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
110550598  Plcb2; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-2 isoform X1 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
110556997  Grin1; glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1 isoform X1 [KO:K05208]
110561693  Grin2a; glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A [KO:K05209]
110547611  Grin2c; glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2C isoform X1 [KO:K05211]
110550476  Grin2d; glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2D isoform X1 [KO:K05212]
110541273  Cacna1c; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1C isoform X1 [KO:K04850]
110547567  Cacna1d; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1D isoform X1 [KO:K04851]
110561910  Cacna1f; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1F isoform X1 [KO:K04853]
110548425  Cacna1s; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1S [KO:K04857]
110561495  neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-7 [KO:K04809]
110557989  Mcu; calcium uniporter protein, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K20858]
110553796  Mapk1; mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 isoform X2 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
110547978  Mapk3; mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
110555488  Ryr3; ryanodine receptor 3 [KO:K04963]
110552142  Itpr1; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1 [KO:K04958]
110558908  Itpr2; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 2 isoform X1 [KO:K04959]
110543748  Itpr3; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 3 [KO:K04960]
110559262  Atp2a3; sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 3 [KO:K05853] [EC:7.2.2.10]
110545322  Atp2a2; sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 2 [KO:K05853] [EC:7.2.2.10]
110547949  Atp2a1; sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 1 isoform X1 [KO:K05853] [EC:7.2.2.10]
110554441  Atf6; cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-6 alpha [KO:K09054]
110546119  Xbp1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: X-box-binding protein 1 [KO:K09027]
110561450  Ddit3; DNA damage-inducible transcript 3 protein [KO:K04452]
110547039  Ern1; serine/threonine-protein kinase/endoribonuclease IRE1 [KO:K08852] [EC:2.7.11.1 3.1.26.-]
110561216  Eif2ak3; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2-alpha kinase 3 [KO:K08860] [EC:2.7.11.1]
110557003  Traf2; TNF receptor-associated factor 2 isoform X1 [KO:K03173] [EC:2.3.2.27]
110554628  Map3k5; mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 5 isoform X1 [KO:K04426] [EC:2.7.11.25]
132650544  Map2k7; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 7 [KO:K04431] [EC:2.7.12.2]
110552285  Mapk8; mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
110557386  Mapk9; mitogen-activated protein kinase 9 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
110562875  Mapk10; mitogen-activated protein kinase 10 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
110557056  Eif2s1; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit 1 [KO:K03237]
110564629  Atf4; cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-4 [KO:K04374]
110562402  Psma6; proteasome subunit alpha type-6 [KO:K02730] [EC:3.4.25.1]
110559462  Psma2; proteasome subunit alpha type-2 [KO:K02726] [EC:3.4.25.1]
110564795  proteasome subunit alpha type-2-like [KO:K02726] [EC:3.4.25.1]
110552005  Psma4; proteasome subunit alpha type-4 [KO:K02728] [EC:3.4.25.1]
110554020  Psma7; proteasome subunit alpha type-7 [KO:K02731] [EC:3.4.25.1]
110550211  Psma8; proteasome subunit alpha-type 8 [KO:K02731] [EC:3.4.25.1]
110545536  Psma5; proteasome subunit alpha type-5 [KO:K02729] [EC:3.4.25.1]
110556049  Psma1; proteasome subunit alpha type-1 [KO:K02725] [EC:3.4.25.1]
110551820  Psma3; proteasome subunit alpha type-3 isoform X1 [KO:K02727] [EC:3.4.25.1]
110557331  Psmb6; proteasome subunit beta type-6 [KO:K02738] [EC:3.4.25.1]
110546498  Psmb7; proteasome subunit beta type-7 [KO:K02739] [EC:3.4.25.1]
110554283  Psmb3; proteasome subunit beta type-3 [KO:K02735] [EC:3.4.25.1]
110550164  proteasome subunit beta type-3-like [KO:K02735] [EC:3.4.25.1]
110557901  Psmb2; proteasome subunit beta type-2 [KO:K02734] [EC:3.4.25.1]
110550054  Psmb5; proteasome subunit beta type-5 [KO:K02737] [EC:3.4.25.1]
110561128  Psmb1; proteasome subunit beta type-1 [KO:K02732] [EC:3.4.25.1]
110555082  Psmb4; proteasome subunit beta type-4 [KO:K02736] [EC:3.4.25.1]
110554806  Psmc2; 26S proteasome regulatory subunit 7 [KO:K03061]
110560664  Psmc1; 26S proteasome regulatory subunit 4 [KO:K03062]
110563272  Psmc4; 26S proteasome regulatory subunit 6B [KO:K03063]
110552217  Psmc6; 26S proteasome regulatory subunit 10B [KO:K03064]
110550750  Psmc3; 26S proteasome regulatory subunit 6A isoform X1 [KO:K03065]
110547029  Psmc5; 26S proteasome regulatory subunit 8 isoform X1 [KO:K03066]
110549381  Psmd2; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 2 [KO:K03028]
110556119  Psmd1; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 1 [KO:K03032]
110558494  Psmd3; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 3 [KO:K03033]
110545336  Psmd9; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 9 [KO:K06693]
110550666  Psmd12; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 12 [KO:K03035]
110545092  Psmd11; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 11 [KO:K03036]
110557703  Psmd6; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 6 [KO:K03037]
110546186  Psmd7; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 7 [KO:K03038]
110553898  Psmd13; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 13 [KO:K03039]
110555092  Psmd4; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 4 isoform X1 [KO:K03029]
110539381  Psmd14; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 14 isoform X1 [KO:K03030]
110552552  Psmd8; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 8 [KO:K03031]
110554017  Adrm1; proteasomal ubiquitin receptor ADRM1 [KO:K06691]
110549271  Sem1; 26S proteasome complex subunit SEM1 [KO:K10881]
110552937  caspase-12-like isoform X1 [KO:K04741] [EC:3.4.22.-]
110551884  Nos1; nitric oxide synthase 1 [KO:K13240] [EC:1.14.13.39]
110549350  Capn1; calpain-1 catalytic subunit [KO:K01367] [EC:3.4.22.52]
110546658  Capn2; calpain-2 catalytic subunit [KO:K03853] [EC:3.4.22.53]
110545105  Cdk5r1; cyclin-dependent kinase 5 activator 1 [KO:K11716]
110554251  Slc39a1; zinc transporter ZIP1 [KO:K14709]
110555585  Slc39a3; zinc transporter ZIP3 [KO:K14709]
110557732  Slc39a2; zinc transporter ZIP2 isoform X1 [KO:K14709]
110562354  Slc39a4; zinc transporter ZIP4 [KO:K14710]
110559402  Slc39a5; zinc transporter ZIP5 [KO:K14711]
110555796  Slc39a6; zinc transporter ZIP6 [KO:K14712]
110543407  Slc39a7; zinc transporter SLC39A7 [KO:K14713]
110562611  Slc39a8; metal cation symporter ZIP8 [KO:K14714]
110546597  Slc39a9; zinc transporter ZIP9 isoform X1 [KO:K14715]
110563513  Slc39a10; zinc transporter ZIP10 [KO:K14716]
110547418  Slc39a11; zinc transporter ZIP11 isoform X1 [KO:K14717]
110550753  Slc39a13; zinc transporter ZIP13 isoform X1 [KO:K14719]
110551664  Slc39a14; metal cation symporter ZIP14 isoform X1 [KO:K14720]
110561547  Slc11a2; natural resistance-associated macrophage protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K21398]
110562558  Cdk5; cyclin-dependent kinase 5 [KO:K02090] [EC:2.7.11.22]
110555390  Gsk3b; glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta isoform X4 [KO:K03083] [EC:2.7.11.26]
110545113  Casp7; caspase-7 isoform X2 [KO:K04397] [EC:3.4.22.60]
110558936  Dkk2; dickkopf-related protein 2 [KO:K02165]
110564557  Dkk1; dickkopf-related protein 1 [KO:K02165]
110556610  Dkk4; dickkopf-related protein 4 [KO:K02165]
110547435  Wnt1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: proto-oncogene Wnt-1 [KO:K03209]
110546992  Wnt2b; protein Wnt-2b [KO:K00182]
110548404  Wnt2; protein Wnt-2 isoform X1 [KO:K00182]
110545664  Wnt3; proto-oncogene Wnt-3 [KO:K00312]
110552179  Wnt3a; protein Wnt-3a [KO:K00312]
110545007  Wnt4; protein Wnt-4 [KO:K00408]
110560692  Wnt5a; protein Wnt-5a isoform X1 [KO:K00444]
110562132  Wnt5b; protein Wnt-5b [KO:K00444]
110566399  Wnt6; protein Wnt-6 [KO:K00445]
110549843  Wnt7a; protein Wnt-7a [KO:K00572]
110545047  Wnt7b; protein Wnt-7b isoform X2 [KO:K00572]
110551101  Wnt8a; protein Wnt-8a isoform X1 [KO:K00714]
110556815  Wnt8b; protein Wnt-8b [KO:K00714]
110545623  Wnt9b; protein Wnt-9b [KO:K01064]
110566850  Wnt9a; protein Wnt-9a [KO:K01064]
110547434  Wnt10b; protein Wnt-10b [KO:K01357]
110566381  Wnt10a; protein Wnt-10a [KO:K01357]
110562445  Wnt11; protein Wnt-11 isoform X1 [KO:K01384]
110559723  Wnt16; protein Wnt-16 [KO:K01558]
110557235  Fzd1; frizzled-1 [KO:K02432]
110559106  Fzd7; frizzled-7 [KO:K02432]
110551883  Fzd2; frizzled-2 [KO:K02235]
110559143  Fzd3; frizzled-3 isoform X1 [KO:K02329]
110546346  Fzd4; frizzled-4 [KO:K02354]
110549754  Fzd8; frizzled-8 [KO:K02375]
110551440  Fzd5; frizzled-5 [KO:K02375]
110562212  Fzd6; frizzled-6 [KO:K02376]
110550159  Fzd10; frizzled-10 [KO:K02842]
110564350  Fzd9; frizzled-9 [KO:K02842]
110547061  Lrp5; low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5 isoform X1 [KO:K03068]
110551009  Lrp6; low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 6 isoform X1 [KO:K03068]
110564247  Csnk1e; casein kinase I isoform X1 [KO:K08960] [EC:2.7.11.1]
110549383  Dvl3; segment polarity protein dishevelled homolog DVL-3 [KO:K02353]
110555096  Dvl2; segment polarity protein dishevelled homolog DVL-2 isoform X1 [KO:K02353]
110560090  Dvl1; segment polarity protein dishevelled homolog DVL-1 isoform X1 [KO:K02353]
110556643  proto-oncogene FRAT1 [KO:K03069]
110555818  Csnk2a1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: casein kinase II subunit alpha [KO:K03097] [EC:2.7.11.1]
110551175  Csnk2a2; casein kinase II subunit alpha' isoform X1 [KO:K03097] [EC:2.7.11.1]
110560132  Csnk2b; casein kinase II subunit beta [KO:K03115]
110548696  Axin1; axin-1 isoform X1 [KO:K02157]
110563522  Axin2; axin-2 [KO:K04385]
110551354  Apc2; adenomatous polyposis coli protein 2 isoform X2 [KO:K02085]
110551111  Apc; adenomatous polyposis coli protein isoform X1 [KO:K02085]
110561755  Ctnnb1; catenin beta-1 [KO:K02105]
110546689  Csnk1a1; casein kinase I isoform X1 [KO:K08957] [EC:2.7.11.1]
110541972  Kif5b; kinesin-1 heavy chain [KO:K10396]
110558877  Kif5c; kinesin heavy chain [KO:K10396]
110561398  Kif5a; kinesin heavy chain [KO:K10396]
110550346  Klc4; kinesin light chain 4 [KO:K10407]
110556479  Klc2; kinesin light chain 2 [KO:K10407]
110551505  Klc3; kinesin light chain 3 isoform X1 [KO:K10407]
110560172  Klc1; kinesin light chain 1 isoform X1 [KO:K10407]
110547396  tubulin alpha-1B chain [KO:K07374]
110547423  tubulin alpha-1C chain [KO:K07374]
110566956  tubulin alpha-4A chain isoform X1 [KO:K07374]
110560703  Tubal3; tubulin alpha chain-like 3 isoform X1 [KO:K07374]
110546048  Tuba8; tubulin alpha-8 chain [KO:K07374]
110548597  tubulin alpha-3 chain [KO:K07374]
132654295  tubulin alpha-3 chain [KO:K07374]
132655748  tubulin alpha-1A chain [KO:K07374]
110557133  Tubb; tubulin beta chain [KO:K07375]
110540436  Tubb6; tubulin beta-6 chain [KO:K07375]
110545240  Tubb3; tubulin beta-3 chain [KO:K07375]
110556819  Tubb1; tubulin beta-1 chain isoform X1 [KO:K07375]
110546263  Tubb4a; tubulin beta-4A chain [KO:K07375]
110557020  Tubb4b; tubulin beta-4B chain [KO:K07375]
110540284  tubulin beta-2B chain [KO:K07375]
110544926  Tubb2a; tubulin beta-2A chain [KO:K07375]
110565392  Ager; advanced glycosylation end product-specific receptor isoform X1 [KO:K19722]
110553931  Hras; GTPase HRas isoform X1 [KO:K02833]
110558913  Kras; GTPase KRas isoform X1 [KO:K07827]
110544642  GTPase NRas [KO:K07828]
110544765  Nras; GTPase NRas [KO:K07828]
110541705  Araf; serine/threonine-protein kinase A-Raf isoform X1 [KO:K08845] [EC:2.7.11.1]
110545779  Braf; serine/threonine-protein kinase B-raf isoform X8 [KO:K04365] [EC:2.7.11.1]
110550814  Raf1; RAF proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X2 [KO:K04366] [EC:2.7.11.1]
110559000  Map2k1; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 [KO:K04368] [EC:2.7.12.2]
110555605  Map2k2; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 2 isoform X1 [KO:K04369] [EC:2.7.12.2]
110543697  Nox1; NADPH oxidase 1 isoform X1 [KO:K08008]
110565013  cytochrome b-245 heavy chain [KO:K21421] [EC:1.-.-.-]
110564767  Nox4; NADPH oxidase 4 isoform X1 [KO:K21423] [EC:1.6.3.-]
110549347  Rela; transcription factor p65 isoform X1 [KO:K04735]
110558602  Nfkb1; nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit isoform X2 [KO:K02580]
110550157  Nos2; nitric oxide synthase, inducible isoform X1 [KO:K13241] [EC:1.14.13.39]
110553489  Ptgs2; prostaglandin G/H synthase 2 [KO:K11987] [EC:1.14.99.1]
110560136  Tnf; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: tumor necrosis factor [KO:K03156]
110539463  Il6; interleukin-6 [KO:K05405]
110551396  Il1a; interleukin-1 alpha [KO:K04383]
110551400  Il1b; interleukin-1 beta [KO:K04519]
110545505  Csf1; macrophage colony-stimulating factor 1 isoform X1 [KO:K05453]
110562566  Snca; alpha-synuclein [KO:K04528]
110552966  Chuk; inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04467] [EC:2.7.11.10]
110544653  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit alpha-like [KO:K04467] [EC:2.7.11.10]
110556613  Ikbkb; inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit beta isoform X1 [KO:K07209] [EC:2.7.11.10]
110562528  Ikbkg; NF-kappa-B essential modulator isoform X3 [KO:K07210]
110547298  Ins; insulin [KO:K04526]
110547502  Irs1; insulin receptor substrate 1 isoform X1 [KO:K16172]
110548880  Irs2; insulin receptor substrate 2 [KO:K07187]
110556773  insulin receptor substrate 1-like [KO:K17445]
110540163  Irs4; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: insulin receptor substrate 4 [KO:K17446]
110553683  Pik3r1; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K02649]
110549145  Pik3r2; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit beta [KO:K02649]
110563512  Pik3r3; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit gamma isoform X1 [KO:K02649]
110565112  Pik3cd; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
110556252  Pik3ca; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
110548394  Pik3cb; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
110556719  Akt2; RAC-beta serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
110558966  Akt1; RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
110564898  Akt3; RAC-gamma serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
110548161  Mtor; serine/threonine-protein kinase mTOR [KO:K07203] [EC:2.7.11.1]
110553155  Ulk1; serine/threonine-protein kinase ULK1 isoform X1 [KO:K21357] [EC:2.7.11.1]
110549788  Ulk2; serine/threonine-protein kinase ULK2 [KO:K08269] [EC:2.7.11.1]
110559147  Atg101; autophagy-related protein 101 isoform X2 [KO:K19730]
110549872  Atg13; autophagy-related protein 13 isoform X7 [KO:K08331]
110557748  Rb1cc1; RB1-inducible coiled-coil protein 1 [KO:K17589]
110549887  Ambra1; activating molecule in BECN1-regulated autophagy protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K17985]
110550890  Becn1; beclin-1 [KO:K08334]
110564121  Becn2; beclin-2 [KO:K08334]
110550175  Pik3r4; phosphoinositide 3-kinase regulatory subunit 4 isoform X1 [KO:K08333] [EC:2.7.11.1]
110556880  Atg14; beclin 1-associated autophagy-related key regulator [KO:K17889]
110547606  Nrbf2; nuclear receptor-binding factor 2 isoform X1 [KO:K21246]
110546919  Pik3c3; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase catalytic subunit type 3 [KO:K00914] [EC:2.7.1.137]
110555930  Atg2b; autophagy-related protein 2 homolog B isoform X1 [KO:K17906]
110549310  Atg2a; autophagy-related protein 2 homolog A isoform X1 [KO:K17906]
110540721  Wipi2; WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K17908]
110560038  Wipi1; WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 1 [KO:K17908]
Compound
C00027  Hydrogen peroxide
C00038  Zinc cation
C00070  Copper
C00076  Calcium cation
C00533  Nitric oxide
C00704  Superoxide
C01245  D-myo-Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate
C01319  Hg
C04549  1-Phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3-phosphate
C05981  Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate
C14818  Fe2+
C16514  Amyloid beta protein 40
C16515  Amyloid beta protein 42
C16845  Peroxynitrite
C19610  Manganese(2+)
C21011  [Protein]-N(epsilon)-(carboxymethyl)lysine
C21012  [Protein]-N(epsilon)-(carboxyethyl)lysine
C21013  [Protein]-pyrraline
C21014  [Protein]-pentosidine
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Dickson DW
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Apoptotic mechanisms in Alzheimer neurofibrillary degeneration: cause or effect?
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J Clin Invest 114:23-7 (2004)
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Mitochondrial dysfunction, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and apoptosis in Alzheimer's disease.
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J Pharmacol Sci 97:312-6 (2005)
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Neuronal calcium mishandling and the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease.
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Trends Neurosci 31:454-63 (2008)
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Possible causes of Alzheimer's disease: amyloid fragments, free radicals, and calcium homeostasis.
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Neurobiol Dis 5:129-41 (1998)
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Calcium dysregulation in Alzheimer's disease.
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Neurochem Int 52:621-33 (2008)
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Ion channels in the regulation of apoptosis.
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Dysregulation of Intracellular Calcium Signaling in Alzheimer's Disease.
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Antioxid Redox Signal 29:1176-1188 (2018)
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Tan Y, Deng Y, Qing H
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Calcium channel blockers and Alzheimer's disease.
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Neural Regen Res 7:137-40 (2012)
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Alzheimer's disease and Abeta toxicity: from top to bottom.
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Nat Rev Neurosci 2:595-8 (2001)
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Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis and therapeutic interventions.
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J Clin Neurosci 11:456-67 (2004)
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Presenilin-mediated signal transduction.
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Physiol Behav 92:93-7 (2007)
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Presenilins: role in calcium homeostasis.
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Int J Biochem Cell Biol 44:1983-6 (2012)
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Supnet C, Bezprozvanny I
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Presenilins function in ER calcium leak and Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis.
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Cell Calcium 50:303-9 (2011)
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Mitochondrial dysfunction in sporadic and genetic Alzheimer's disease.
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Exp Gerontol 41:668-73 (2006)
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APP-BP1 mediates APP-induced apoptosis and DNA synthesis and is increased in Alzheimer's disease brain.
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J Cell Biol 163:27-33 (2003)
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March separate, strike together--role of phosphorylated TAU in mitochondrial dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease.
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Biochim Biophys Acta 1842:1258-66 (2014)
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Strickland MR, Holtzman DM
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Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde: ApoE explains opposing effects of neuronal LRP1.
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J Clin Invest 129:969-971 (2019)
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Neuronal apoptosis induced by beta-amyloid is mediated by caspase-8.
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Neurobiol Dis 6:440-9 (1999)
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Role of GPCR signaling and calcium dysregulation in Alzheimer's disease.
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Mol Cell Neurosci 101:103414 (2019)
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Mitochondrial Ca2+ overload underlies Abeta oligomers neurotoxicity providing an unexpected mechanism of neuroprotection by NSAIDs.
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PLoS One 3:e2718 (2008)
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ER calcium and Alzheimer's disease: in a state of flux.
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PS2 mutation increases neuronal cell vulnerability to neurotoxicants through activation of caspase-3 by enhancing of ryanodine receptor-mediated calcium release.
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Disturbed activation of endoplasmic reticulum stress transducers by familial Alzheimer's disease-linked presenilin-1 mutations.
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Reelin: Neurodevelopmental Architect and Homeostatic Regulator of Excitatory Synapses.
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Computational identification of potential multitarget treatments for ameliorating the adverse effects of amyloid-beta on synaptic plasticity.
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Amyloid-beta oligomers synaptotoxicity: The emerging role of EphA4/c-Abl signaling in Alzheimer's disease.
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  Title
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Front Neurosci 10:459 (2016)
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MAPK, beta-amyloid and synaptic dysfunction: the role of RAGE.
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Expert Rev Neurother 9:1635-45 (2009)
DOI:10.1586/ern.09.107
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PMID:19464758
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Srikanth V, Maczurek A, Phan T, Steele M, Westcott B, Juskiw D, Munch G
  Title
Advanced glycation endproducts and their receptor RAGE in Alzheimer's disease.
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Neurobiol Aging 32:763-77 (2011)
DOI:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2009.04.016
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PMID:12805290
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Pigino G, Morfini G, Pelsman A, Mattson MP, Brady ST, Busciglio J
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Alzheimer's presenilin 1 mutations impair kinesin-based axonal transport.
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J Neurosci 23:4499-508 (2003)
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PMID:15645263
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Roy S, Zhang B, Lee VM, Trojanowski JQ
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Axonal transport defects: a common theme in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Acta Neuropathol 109:5-13 (2005)
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PMID:26074767
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Ferreira ST, Lourenco MV, Oliveira MM, De Felice FG
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Soluble amyloid-beta oligomers as synaptotoxins leading to cognitive impairment in Alzheimer's disease.
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Front Cell Neurosci 9:191 (2015)
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PMID:24529521
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De Felice FG, Lourenco MV, Ferreira ST
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How does brain insulin resistance develop in Alzheimer's disease?
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Alzheimers Dement 10:S26-32 (2014)
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PMID:26136647
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Bedse G, Di Domenico F, Serviddio G, Cassano T
  Title
Aberrant insulin signaling in Alzheimer's disease: current knowledge.
  Journal
Front Neurosci 9:204 (2015)
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PMID:20101724
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Funderburk SF, Marcellino BK, Yue Z
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Mt Sinai J Med 77:59-68 (2010)
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Related
pathway
mun00190  Oxidative phosphorylation
mun03050  Proteasome
mun04020  Calcium signaling pathway
mun04140  Autophagy - animal
mun04141  Protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum
mun04210  Apoptosis
mun04310  Wnt signaling pathway
mun04910  Insulin signaling pathway
mun04933  AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications
KO pathway
ko05010   
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