Entry
Name
Chemokine signaling pathway - Orcinus orca (killer whale)
Description
Inflammatory immune response requires the recruitment of leukocytes to the site of inflammation upon foreign insult. Chemokines are small chemoattractant peptides that provide directional cues for the cell trafficking and thus are vital for protective host response. In addition, chemokines regulate plethora of biological processes of hematopoietic cells to lead cellular activation, differentiation and survival.
The chemokine signal is transduced by chemokine receptors (G-protein coupled receptors) expressed on the immune cells. After receptor activation, the alpha- and beta-gamma-subunits of G protein dissociate to activate diverse downstream pathways resulting in cellular polarization and actin reorganization. Various members of small GTPases are involved in this process. Induction of nitric oxide and production of reactive oxygen species are as well regulated by chemokine signal via calcium mobilization and diacylglycerol production.
Class
Organismal Systems; Immune system
BRITE hierarchy
Pathway map
Ortholog table
Other DBs
Organism
Orcinus orca (killer whale) [GN:
oor ]
Gene
101286817 CCR8; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: C-C chemokine receptor type 8 [KO:K04183 ]
101272458 STAT1; signal transducer and activator of transcription 1-alpha/beta isoform X1 [KO:K11220 ]
101281591 STAT2; signal transducer and activator of transcription 2 isoform X1 [KO:K11221 ]
101281369 STAT3; signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 isoform X1 [KO:K04692 ]
101280265 STAT5B; signal transducer and activator of transcription 5B isoform X1 [KO:K11224 ]
101276500 GNAI2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-2 [KO:K04630 ]
101277471 GNAI3; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-3 [KO:K04630 ]
101271719 GNAI1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-1 [KO:K04630 ]
101278075 PIK3CA; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K00922 ] [EC:2.7.1.153 ]
101278974 PIK3CD; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta isoform isoform X2 [KO:K00922 ] [EC:2.7.1.153 ]
101283011 PIK3CB; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K00922 ] [EC:2.7.1.153 ]
101277568 PIK3R3; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit gamma isoform X1 [KO:K02649 ]
101285437 PIK3R1; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K02649 ]
101281352 PIK3R2; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit beta isoform X2 [KO:K02649 ]
101281782 PIK3CG; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit gamma isoform isoform X1 [KO:K21289 ] [EC:2.7.1.153 ]
101275916 PIK3R6; phosphoinositide 3-kinase regulatory subunit 6 isoform X1 [KO:K21290 ]
101275667 PIK3R5; phosphoinositide 3-kinase regulatory subunit 5 isoform X1 [KO:K21290 ]
101279857 NFKB1; nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit isoform X1 [KO:K02580 ]
101290166 VAV3; guanine nucleotide exchange factor VAV3 isoform X1 [KO:K05730 ]
101269690 VAV2; guanine nucleotide exchange factor VAV2 isoform X11 [KO:K05730 ]
101274018 RAC1; ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 isoform X3 [KO:K04392 ]
101269741 RAC2; ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 2 isoform X1 [KO:K07860 ]
101278177 RAC3; ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 3 isoform X1 [KO:K07861 ]
101270289 CDC42; cell division control protein 42 homolog isoform X1 [KO:K04393 ]
101282575 GNB1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-1 [KO:K04536 ]
101277504 GNB2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-2 [KO:K04537 ]
101286052 GNB3; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-3 [KO:K07825 ]
101277343 GNB4; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit beta-4 isoform X1 [KO:K04538 ]
101270085 GNB5; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit beta-5 isoform X2 [KO:K04539 ]
101270764 GNG2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-2 [KO:K07826 ]
101282693 GNG3; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-3 [KO:K04540 ]
101271265 GNG4; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-4 [KO:K04541 ]
101276063 guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-5 [KO:K04542 ]
117197871 guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-5-like [KO:K04542 ]
117202102 GNG5; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-5 [KO:K04542 ]
117202794 guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-5-like [KO:K04542 ]
117198830 GNG7; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-7 [KO:K04543 ]
117201789 GNG8; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-8 [KO:K04544 ]
105747741 GNG10; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-10 [KO:K04545 ]
117202637 guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-10-like [KO:K04545 ]
101290360 GNG11; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-11 [KO:K04546 ]
101281533 GNG12; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-12 [KO:K04347 ]
117201513 GNG13; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-13 [KO:K04547 ]
101269282 GNGT1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(T) subunit gamma-T1 [KO:K04548 ]
117197734 GNGT2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-T2 [KO:K04549 ]
101283620 PREX1; phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate-dependent Rac exchanger 1 protein isoform X1 [KO:K12365 ]
101288983 ELMO1; engulfment and cell motility protein 1 isoform X3 [KO:K12366 ]
101286283 BCAR1; breast cancer anti-estrogen resistance protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K05726 ]
101279781 guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(q) subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04634 ]
101274558 PLCB3; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-3 isoform X1 [KO:K05858 ] [EC:3.1.4.11 ]
101270548 PLCB1; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-1 isoform X1 [KO:K05858 ] [EC:3.1.4.11 ]
101270961 PLCB4; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-4 isoform X1 [KO:K05858 ] [EC:3.1.4.11 ]
101281417 PLCB2; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-2 isoform X9 [KO:K05858 ] [EC:3.1.4.11 ]
101281412 PLCG1; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase gamma-1 isoform X1 [KO:K01116 ] [EC:3.1.4.11 ]
101280455 TIAM1; rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor TIAM1 isoform X1 [KO:K05731 ]
Compound
C01245 D-myo-Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate
C05981 Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate
Reference
Authors
Wong MM, Fish EN
Title
Chemokines: attractive mediators of the immune response.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Curnock AP, Logan MK, Ward SG
Title
Chemokine signalling: pivoting around multiple phosphoinositide 3-kinases.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Olson TS, Ley K
Title
Chemokines and chemokine receptors in leukocyte trafficking.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Busillo JM, Benovic JL
Title
Regulation of CXCR4 signaling.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Mellado M, Rodriguez-Frade JM, Manes S, Martinez-A C
Title
Chemokine signaling and functional responses: the role of receptor dimerization and TK pathway activation.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Knall C, Young S, Nick JA, Buhl AM, Worthen GS, Johnson GL
Title
Interleukin-8 regulation of the Ras/Raf/mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway in human neutrophils.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Patrussi L, Ulivieri C, Lucherini OM, Paccani SR, Gamberucci A, Lanfrancone L, Pelicci PG, Baldari CT
Title
p52Shc is required for CXCR4-dependent signaling and chemotaxis in T cells.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Sai J, Raman D, Liu Y, Wikswo J, Richmond A
Title
Parallel phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-dependent and Src-dependent pathways lead to CXCL8-mediated Rac2 activation and chemotaxis.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Hauck CR, Klingbeil CK, Schlaepfer DD
Title
Focal adhesion kinase functions as a receptor-proximal signaling component required for directed cell migration.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Chandrasekar B, Bysani S, Mummidi S
Title
CXCL16 signals via Gi, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, Akt, I kappa B kinase, and nuclear factor-kappa B and induces cell-cell adhesion and aortic smooth muscle cell proliferation.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Smith L, Webb A, Ward SG
Title
T-lymphocyte navigation and migration: beyond the PI3K paradigm.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Huttenrauch F, Pollok-Kopp B, Oppermann M
Title
G protein-coupled receptor kinases promote phosphorylation and beta-arrestin-mediated internalization of CCR5 homo- and hetero-oligomers.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Thelen M, Stein JV
Title
How chemokines invite leukocytes to dance.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Ward SG, Marelli-Berg FM
Title
Mechanisms of chemokine and antigen-dependent T-lymphocyte navigation.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Schwartzberg PL, Finkelstein LD, Readinger JA
Title
TEC-family kinases: regulators of T-helper-cell differentiation.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Berg LJ, Finkelstein LD, Lucas JA, Schwartzberg PL.
Title
Tec family kinases in T lymphocyte development and function.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Ticchioni M, Essafi M, Jeandel PY, Davi F, Cassuto JP, Deckert M, Bernard A
Title
Homeostatic chemokines increase survival of B-chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells through inactivation of transcription factor FOXO3a.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Korchak HM, Rossi MW, Kilpatrick LE
Title
Selective role for beta-protein kinase C in signaling for O-2 generation but not degranulation or adherence in differentiated HL60 cells.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Johnson Z, Power CA, Weiss C, Rintelen F, Ji H, Ruckle T, Camps M, Wells TN, Schwarz MK, Proudfoot AE, Rommel C
Title
Chemokine inhibition--why, when, where, which and how?
Journal
Reference
Authors
Zhelev DV, Alteraifi A
Title
Signaling in the motility responses of the human neutrophil.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Bach TL, Chen QM, Kerr WT, Wang Y, Lian L, Choi JK, Wu D, Kazanietz MG, Koretzky GA, Zigmond S, Abrams CS
Title
Phospholipase cbeta is critical for T cell chemotaxis.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Hornstein I, Alcover A, Katzav S
Title
Vav proteins, masters of the world of cytoskeleton organization.
Journal
Related pathway
oor04060 Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction
oor04670 Leukocyte transendothelial migration
oor04810 Regulation of actin cytoskeleton
KO pathway
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