KEGG   PATHWAY: pcad05208
Entry
pcad05208                   Pathway                                
Name
Chemical carcinogenesis - reactive oxygen species - Physeter macrocephalus (sperm whale)
Description
It is well established that cancer is a multi-step process which involves initiation, promotion and progression. Chemical carcinogens can alter any of these processes to induce their carcinogenic effects. In the majority of instances, chemical carcinogens, directly or after xenobiotic metabolism, induce DNA damage and act in a 'genotoxic' manner. There is, however, a group of carcinogens that induce cancer via nongenotoxic mechanisms. The biochemical modes of action for nongenotoxic carcinogens are diverse, one example of which is induction of oxidative stress. Trace metals and organic xenobiotics are typical classes of environmental pollutants with prooxidant effects. Trace metals generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) depending on their ability to lose electrons and catalyze Haber Weiss and Fenton reactions. ROS are also generated due to induction of various cytochrome P450 isoenzymes during detoxification of chemical carcinogens. Increased ROS generation often has been linked to DNA damage that can lead to mutations and may, therefore, play an important role in the initiation and progression of multistage carcinogenesis. Besides causing DNA damage, ROS further induce multiple intracellular signaling pathways, notably NF-kappa B, JNK/SAPK/p38, as well as Erk/MAPK. These signaling routes can lead to transcriptional induction of target genes that could promote proliferation or confer apoptosis resistance to exposed cells.
Class
Human Diseases; Cancer: overview
Pathway map
pcad05208  Chemical carcinogenesis - reactive oxygen species
pcad05208

Organism
Physeter macrocephalus (sperm whale) [GN:pcad]
Gene
102973178  [KO:K03942] [EC:7.1.1.2]
102973578  SOD1; superoxide dismutase [Cu-Zn] [KO:K04565] [EC:1.15.1.1]
102973615  [KO:K08009]
102973655  NDUFS3; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 3, mitochondrial [KO:K03936] [EC:7.1.1.2]
102973672  NFKBIA; NF-kappa-B inhibitor alpha [KO:K04734]
102973733  [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
102973815  GSTM3; glutathione S-transferase Mu 3 isoform X1 [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
102974001  GSTT4; glutathione S-transferase theta-4 [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
102974022  NDUFS5; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 5 [KO:K03938]
102974198  RELA; transcription factor p65 isoform X1 [KO:K04735]
102974199  SDHD; succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] cytochrome b small subunit, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K00237]
102974274  ARAF; serine/threonine-protein kinase A-Raf isoform X1 [KO:K08845] [EC:2.7.11.1]
102974489  [KO:K02263]
102974535  NDUFS4; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 4, mitochondrial isoform X3 [KO:K03937]
102974600  NDUFS7; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 7, mitochondrial [KO:K03940] [EC:7.1.1.2]
102974605  SLC26A2; sulfate transporter [KO:K14701]
102974655  BAD; bcl2-associated agonist of cell death [KO:K02158]
102974829  NDUFA8; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 8 [KO:K03952]
102974857  [KO:K05862]
102974927  EPHX3; epoxide hydrolase 3 [KO:K22368] [EC:3.3.2.10]
102975060  [KO:K00419]
102975154  PTPN1; tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1 isoform X1 [KO:K05696] [EC:3.1.3.48]
102975203  SLC25A5; ADP/ATP translocase 2 [KO:K05863]
102975458  JUN; transcription factor Jun [KO:K04448]
102975464  ATP5F1D; ATP synthase subunit delta, mitochondrial [KO:K02134]
102975467  EGFR; epidermal growth factor receptor isoform X1 [KO:K04361] [EC:2.7.10.1]
102975555  PIK3R3; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit gamma [KO:K02649]
102975652  NOX1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: NADPH oxidase 1 [KO:K08008]
102975681  ATP5PF; ATP synthase-coupling factor 6, mitochondrial [KO:K02131]
102975937  VDAC3; voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 3 [KO:K15041]
102976084  HMOX1; heme oxygenase 1 [KO:K00510] [EC:1.14.14.18]
102976162  NDUFB6; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 6 isoform X1 [KO:K03962]
102976358  ACP1; low molecular weight phosphotyrosine protein phosphatase isoform X1 [KO:K14394] [EC:3.1.3.2 3.1.3.48]
102976386  NDUFA4L2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 4-like 2 [KO:K03948]
102976499  NDUFAB1; acyl carrier protein, mitochondrial [KO:K03955]
102976522  NDUFB7; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 7 [KO:K03963]
102976706  IKBKB; inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit beta [KO:K07209] [EC:2.7.11.10]
102976848  ATP5F1C; ATP synthase subunit gamma, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K02136]
102976909  MAP3K5; mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 5 isoform X1 [KO:K04426] [EC:2.7.11.25]
102976971  AKT3; RAC-gamma serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X3 [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
102977001  [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
102977102  [KO:K14394] [EC:3.1.3.2 3.1.3.48]
102977108  PIK3CB; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
102977125  KRAS; GTPase KRas isoform X1 [KO:K07827]
102977269  [KO:K00416]
102977276  GSTO1; glutathione S-transferase omega-1 isoform X2 [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
102977392  PDPK1; 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1 isoform X1 [KO:K06276] [EC:2.7.11.1]
102977417  MAPK9; mitogen-activated protein kinase 9 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
102977431  EGF; pro-epidermal growth factor isoform X1 [KO:K04357]
102977507  PRKD3; serine/threonine-protein kinase D3 isoform X1 [KO:K06070] [EC:2.7.11.13]
102977531  MAPK12; mitogen-activated protein kinase 12 isoform X3 [KO:K04441] [EC:2.7.11.24]
102977668  CHUK; inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit alpha isoform X2 [KO:K04467] [EC:2.7.11.10]
102977687  [KO:K00002] [EC:1.1.1.2]
102977740  [KO:K03944]
102977966  [KO:K02271]
102977972  [KO:K00417]
102977994  MAPK11; mitogen-activated protein kinase 11 isoform X1 [KO:K04441] [EC:2.7.11.24]
102977999  AKR1A1; aldo-keto reductase family 1 member A1 [KO:K00002] [EC:1.1.1.2]
102978003  [KO:K07416] [EC:1.14.14.1]
102978018  SLC25A31; ADP/ATP translocase 4 [KO:K05863]
102978136  ATP5PD; ATP synthase subunit d, mitochondrial [KO:K02138]
102978533  [KO:K04119] [EC:1.1.1.51 1.1.1.188 1.1.1.213 1.1.1.357]
102978574  HIF1A; hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha [KO:K08268]
102978880  [KO:K00414]
102978925  SOS2; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: son of sevenless homolog 2 [KO:K03099]
102978946  PLD2; phospholipase D2 isoform X1 [KO:K01115] [EC:3.1.4.4]
102978952  PIK3CD; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
102979050  [KO:K00417]
102979195  [KO:K04392]
102979291  GSTM4; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: glutathione S-transferase Mu 4 [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
102979394  [KO:K09565] [EC:5.2.1.8]
102979558  [KO:K02270]
102979665  [KO:K00079] [EC:1.1.1.184 1.1.1.189 1.1.1.197]
102979703  SLC26A1; sulfate anion transporter 1 [KO:K14700]
102979922  PTPN11; tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 11 isoform X1 [KO:K07293] [EC:3.1.3.48]
102979925  NDUFA5; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 5 [KO:K03949]
102980070  MGST3; microsomal glutathione S-transferase 3 [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
102980141  [KO:K02263]
102980309  [KO:K00417]
102980336  NDUFB4; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 4 [KO:K03960]
102980395  [KO:K03955]
102980472  NQO1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: NAD(P)H dehydrogenase [quinone] 1 [KO:K00355] [EC:1.6.5.2]
102980571  NDUFV3; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein 3, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K03944]
102980589  [KO:K02265]
102980725  [KO:K02128]
102980846  ARNT; aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator isoform X1 [KO:K09097]
102980964  IKBKG; NF-kappa-B essential modulator [KO:K07210]
102980970  FOXO3; forkhead box protein O3 isoform X2 [KO:K09408]
102980990  ATP5PO; ATP synthase subunit O, mitochondrial [KO:K02137]
102981009  NDUFC2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 subunit C2 [KO:K03968]
102981093  SOD2; superoxide dismutase [Mn], mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K04564] [EC:1.15.1.1]
102981135  NFKB1; nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit isoform X1 [KO:K02580]
102981351  [KO:K07410] [EC:1.14.14.1]
102981524  AKT1; RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
102981654  [KO:K03949]
102981677  [KO:K03099]
102981739  VEGFA; vascular endothelial growth factor A isoform X7 [KO:K05448]
102981753  ATP5MC1; ATP synthase F(0) complex subunit C1, mitochondrial [KO:K02128]
102981800  LPO; lactoperoxidase [KO:K12550] [EC:1.11.1.7]
102981803  NDUFB10; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 10 [KO:K03966]
102981962  [KO:K02266]
102982229  PTK2; focal adhesion kinase 1 isoform X1 [KO:K05725] [EC:2.7.10.2]
102982301  NDUFS6; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 6, mitochondrial [KO:K03939]
102982387  [KO:K02133] [EC:7.1.2.2]
102982453  FOS; protein c-Fos [KO:K04379]
102982476  [KO:K02267]
102982513  [KO:K02270]
102982542  NCF1; neutrophil cytosol factor 1 isoform X2 [KO:K08011]
102982604  NDUFA11; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 11 isoform X1 [KO:K03956]
102982622  NDUFA3; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 3 [KO:K03947]
102982641  NRAS; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: GTPase NRas [KO:K07828]
102983006  [KO:K03958]
102983330  NDUFB3; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 3 [KO:K03959]
102983588  EPHX4; epoxide hydrolase 4 isoform X1 [KO:K22369] [EC:3.3.-.-]
102983882  SRC; proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase Src isoform X1 [KO:K05704] [EC:2.7.10.2]
102984279  PRKCD; protein kinase C delta type isoform X1 [KO:K06068] [EC:2.7.11.13]
102984305  MAPK1; mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
102984326  [KO:K07408] [EC:1.14.14.1]
102984340  AHR; aryl hydrocarbon receptor [KO:K09093]
102984551  PTEN; phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate 3-phosphatase and dual-specificity protein phosphatase PTEN isoform X2 [KO:K01110] [EC:3.1.3.16 3.1.3.48 3.1.3.67]
102984566  EPHX1; epoxide hydrolase 1 isoform X1 [KO:K01253] [EC:3.3.2.9]
102984741  MAPK10; mitogen-activated protein kinase 10 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
102984767  [KO:K02127]
102984789  [KO:K02128]
102984795  [KO:K07409] [EC:1.14.14.1]
102984887  NDUFA13; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 13 [KO:K11353]
102985054  [KO:K02138]
102985148  SLC25A6; ADP/ATP translocase 3 [KO:K05863]
102985344  GSTA4; glutathione S-transferase A4 [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
102985671  [KO:K02265]
102985726  NDUFS1; NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase 75 kDa subunit, mitochondrial [KO:K03934] [EC:7.1.1.2]
102985766  [KO:K02267]
102985816  [KO:K00415]
102985822  [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
102985917  CAT; catalase isoform X2 [KO:K03781] [EC:1.11.1.6]
102986020  [KO:K02271]
102986098  PIK3CA; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
102986218  PLD1; phospholipase D1 [KO:K01115] [EC:3.1.4.4]
102986300  MGST2; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: microsomal glutathione S-transferase 2 [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
102986405  [KO:K00237]
102986579  [KO:K02272]
102986595  ATP5PB; ATP synthase F(0) complex subunit B1, mitochondrial [KO:K02127]
102986775  NDUFA12; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 12 [KO:K11352]
102986853  [KO:K02128]
102986916  BRAF; serine/threonine-protein kinase B-raf isoform X3 [KO:K04365] [EC:2.7.11.1]
102986928  KEAP1; kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K10456]
102987024  ATP5F1B; ATP synthase subunit beta, mitochondrial [KO:K02133] [EC:7.1.2.2]
102987030  NCF2; neutrophil cytosol factor 2 isoform X1 [KO:K08010]
102987053  [KO:K02264]
102987120  SDHA; succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein subunit, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K00234] [EC:1.3.5.1]
102987138  [KO:K00420]
102987193  [KO:K03958]
102987198  [KO:K00418]
102987506  [KO:K07293] [EC:3.1.3.48]
102987521  [KO:K03967]
102987522  MET; hepatocyte growth factor receptor [KO:K05099] [EC:2.7.10.1]
102987604  SDHB; succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur subunit, mitochondrial [KO:K00235] [EC:1.3.5.1]
102987793  PRKD1; serine/threonine-protein kinase D1 isoform X2 [KO:K06070] [EC:2.7.11.13]
102987866  RAF1; RAF proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X2 [KO:K04366] [EC:2.7.11.1]
102987911  [KO:K00413]
102988081  SDHC; succinate dehydrogenase cytochrome b560 subunit, mitochondrial [KO:K00236]
102988154  ATP5MC3; ATP synthase F(0) complex subunit C3, mitochondrial [KO:K02128]
102988355  [KO:K02270]
102988418  NDUFA10; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 10, mitochondrial isoform X5 [KO:K03954]
102988541  ABL1; tyrosine-protein kinase ABL1 isoform X1 [KO:K06619] [EC:2.7.10.2]
102988859  [KO:K06070] [EC:2.7.11.13]
102988957  NDUFC1; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 subunit C1, mitochondrial [KO:K03967]
102988963  [KO:K03960]
102989074  MAPK3; mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
102989111  MAPK14; mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 isoform X1 [KO:K04441] [EC:2.7.11.24]
102990087  [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
102990190  NDUFS2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 2, mitochondrial [KO:K03935] [EC:7.1.1.2]
102990276  RAC1; ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 isoform X2 [KO:K04392]
102990302  MAPK13; mitogen-activated protein kinase 13 isoform X3 [KO:K04441] [EC:2.7.11.24]
102990513  [KO:K00411] [EC:7.1.1.8]
102990603  [KO:K03953]
102990622  ATP5MC2; ATP synthase F(0) complex subunit C2, mitochondrial isoform X2 [KO:K02128]
102990633  NDUFB9; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 9 [KO:K03965]
102990817  SLC25A4; ADP/ATP translocase 1 [KO:K05863]
102990827  NDUFA4; cytochrome c oxidase subunit NDUFA4 [KO:K03948]
102990963  [KO:K00418]
102991047  MGST1; microsomal glutathione S-transferase 1 isoform X2 [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
102991192  PIK3R1; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit alpha isoform X2 [KO:K02649]
102991268  NDUFB5; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 5, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K03961]
102991269  MAP3K14; mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 14 [KO:K04466] [EC:2.7.11.25]
102991375  AS3MT; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: arsenite methyltransferase [KO:K07755] [EC:2.1.1.137]
102991504  SLC26A9; solute carrier family 26 member 9 isoform X2 [KO:K14706]
102991568  NDUFA2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 2 [KO:K03946]
102991639  SOS1; son of sevenless homolog 1 isoform X1 [KO:K03099]
102991774  MAP2K7; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 7 isoform X3 [KO:K04431] [EC:2.7.12.2]
102991779  PIK3R2; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit beta [KO:K02649]
102991951  VDAC1; voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 1 isoform X2 [KO:K05862]
102992099  NFE2L2; nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 isoform X1 [KO:K05638]
102992173  ABL2; tyrosine-protein kinase ABL2 isoform X1 [KO:K08887] [EC:2.7.10.2]
102992191  MAP2K1; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 [KO:K04368] [EC:2.7.12.2]
102992196  HGF; hepatocyte growth factor isoform X2 [KO:K05460]
102992299  NDUFA7; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 7 [KO:K03951]
102992400  ATP5F1A; ATP synthase subunit alpha, mitochondrial [KO:K02132]
102992414  [KO:K05862]
102992439  [KO:K07828]
102992498  NDUFV2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein 2, mitochondrial [KO:K03943] [EC:7.1.1.2]
102992839  [KO:K00420]
102993260  [KO:K07415] [EC:1.14.14.-]
102993375  [KO:K00420]
102993725  NDUFB8; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 8, mitochondrial [KO:K03964]
102993818  MAP2K4; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 4 isoform X1 [KO:K04430] [EC:2.7.12.2]
102994019  NDUFB11; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 11, mitochondrial [KO:K11351]
102994150  MAP2K2; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 2 [KO:K04369] [EC:2.7.12.2]
102994376  SLC26A6; solute carrier family 26 member 6 [KO:K14704]
102994715  HRAS; GTPase HRas isoform X2 [KO:K02833]
102994892  PTPRJ; receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase eta [KO:K05698] [EC:3.1.3.48]
102995627  NDUFS8; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 8, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K03941] [EC:7.1.1.2]
102995688  [KO:K00415]
102995827  [KO:K02265]
102995848  NOX4; NADPH oxidase 4 isoform X3 [KO:K21423] [EC:1.6.3.-]
102995871  VDAC2; voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 2 [KO:K15040]
102996128  NDUFA6; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 6 [KO:K03950]
102996142  [KO:K02270]
102996353  MAPK8; mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 isoform X3 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
102996437  [KO:K05863]
102996653  [KO:K02266]
102997018  EPHX2; bifunctional epoxide hydrolase 2 [KO:K08726] [EC:3.3.2.10 3.1.3.76]
112062454  [KO:K03948]
112062463  [KO:K03948]
112064091  [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
112064644  [KO:K03948]
112064834  [KO:K02272]
112066265  [KO:K03958]
112066461  [KO:K15041]
112066518  [KO:K03953]
112066780  [KO:K03948]
112067434  [KO:K02273]
112067461  NDUFV1; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein 1, mitochondrial [KO:K03942] [EC:7.1.1.2]
114483880  [KO:K03942] [EC:7.1.1.2]
114483947  [KO:K04364]
114485485  [KO:K07210]
114486535  [KO:K02270]
809407  ATP6; ATP synthase F0 subunit 6 [KO:K02126]
809408  ATP8; ATP synthase F0 subunit 8 [KO:K02125]
809409  ND3; NADH dehydrogenase subunit 3 [KO:K03880] [EC:7.1.1.2]
809410  ND4; NADH dehydrogenase subunit 4 [KO:K03881] [EC:7.1.1.2]
809411  ND6; NADH dehydrogenase subunit 6 [KO:K03884] [EC:7.1.1.2]
809412  COX1; cytochrome c oxidase subunit I [KO:K02256] [EC:7.1.1.9]
809413  ND4L; NADH dehydrogenase subunit 4L [KO:K03882] [EC:7.1.1.2]
809414  CYTB; cytochrome b [KO:K00412]
809415  ND5; NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5 [KO:K03883] [EC:7.1.1.2]
809416  COX2; cytochrome c oxidase subunit II [KO:K02261]
809417  COX3; cytochrome c oxidase subunit III [KO:K02262]
809418  ND1; NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1 [KO:K03878] [EC:7.1.1.2]
809419  ND2; NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2 [KO:K03879] [EC:7.1.1.2]
Compound
C00001  H2O
C00003  NAD+
C00005  NADPH
C00006  NADP+
C00007  Oxygen
C00019  S-Adenosyl-L-methionine
C00021  S-Adenosyl-L-homocysteine
C00023  Iron
C00027  Hydrogen peroxide
C00051  Glutathione
C00070  Copper
C00084  Acetaldehyde
C00127  Glutathione disulfide
C00146  Phenol
C00291  Nickel
C00469  Ethanol
C00472  p-Benzoquinone
C00530  Hydroquinone
C00704  Superoxide
C00951  Estradiol-17beta
C01407  Benzene
C01413  Cadmium
C01782  Benzene oxide
C02389  p-Benzosemiquinone
C02575  Pentachlorophenol
C02814  Benzene-1,2,4-triol
C03434  Tetrachlorohydroquinone
C03622  N-Hydroxy-4-aminobiphenyl
C04623  DDT
C05301  2-Hydroxyestradiol
C05309  Semiquinone
C05981  Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate
C06268  Chromium
C06269  Arsenic
C06696  Lead
C07294  Methylarsonate
C07295  Methanearsonous acid
C07308  Cacodylate
C07535  Benzo[a]pyrene
C07557  2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin
C10998  4-Aminobiphenyl
C14209  4-Hydroxy-17beta-estradiol
C14850  Benzo[a]pyrene-7,8-oxide
C14852  Benzo[a]pyrene-7,8-dihydrodiol
C16038  2-Amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine
C16453  4-(N-Nitrosomethylamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone
C16844  Hydroxyl radical
C18205  2,2',4,4'-Tetrabromodiphenyl ether
C18933  Chloranil
C19171  Cobalt
C20300  Dimethylarsinous acid
C20316  4-Nitrosobiphenyl
C20319  Hydronitroxide radical
C22355  Benzo[a]pyrene-7,8-diol
C22356  Benzo[a]pyrene-7,8-dione
C22357  17beta-Estradiol-2,3-quinone
C22381  Reactive oxygen species
Reference
PMID:24281075
  Authors
Henkler F, Brinkmann J, Luch A
  Title
The role of oxidative stress in carcinogenesis induced by metals and xenobiotics.
  Journal
Cancers (Basel) 2:376-96 (2010)
DOI:10.3390/cancers2020376
Reference
PMID:22705365
  Authors
Lee JC, Son YO, Pratheeshkumar P, Shi X
  Title
Oxidative stress and metal carcinogenesis.
  Journal
Free Radic Biol Med 53:742-57 (2012)
DOI:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2012.06.002
Reference
PMID:32033297
  Authors
Hu Y, Li J, Lou B, Wu R, Wang G, Lu C, Wang H, Pi J, Xu Y
  Title
The Role of Reactive Oxygen Species in Arsenic Toxicity.
  Journal
Biomolecules 10:240 (2020)
DOI:10.3390/biom10020240
Reference
PMID:33864199
  Authors
Ozturk M, Metin M, Altay V, Bhat RA, Ejaz M, Gul A, Unal BT, Hasanuzzaman M, Nibir L, Nahar K, Bukhari A, Dervash MA, Kawano T
  Title
Arsenic and Human Health: Genotoxicity, Epigenomic Effects, and Cancer Signaling.
  Journal
Biol Trace Elem Res 200:988-1001 (2022)
DOI:10.1007/s12011-021-02719-w
Reference
PMID:23510327
  Authors
Hubaux R, Becker-Santos DD, Enfield KS, Rowbotham D, Lam S, Lam WL, Martinez VD
  Title
Molecular features in arsenic-induced lung tumors.
  Journal
Mol Cancer 12:20 (2013)
DOI:10.1186/1476-4598-12-20
Reference
PMID:21648415
  Authors
Naranmandura H, Xu S, Sawata T, Hao WH, Liu H, Bu N, Ogra Y, Lou YJ, Suzuki N
  Title
Mitochondria are the main target organelle for trivalent monomethylarsonous acid (MMA(III))-induced cytotoxicity.
  Journal
Chem Res Toxicol 24:1094-103 (2011)
DOI:10.1021/tx200156k
Reference
PMID:23583964
  Authors
Faita F, Cori L, Bianchi F, Andreassi MG
  Title
Arsenic-induced genotoxicity and genetic susceptibility to arsenic-related pathologies.
  Journal
Int J Environ Res Public Health 10:1527-46 (2013)
DOI:10.3390/ijerph10041527
Reference
PMID:28179585
  Authors
Sage AP, Minatel BC, Ng KW, Stewart GL, Dummer TJB, Lam WL, Martinez VD
  Title
Oncogenomic disruptions in arsenic-induced carcinogenesis.
  Journal
Oncotarget 8:25736-25755 (2017)
DOI:10.18632/oncotarget.15106
Reference
PMID:21414382
  Authors
Jomova K, Valko M
  Title
Advances in metal-induced oxidative stress and human disease.
  Journal
Toxicology 283:65-87 (2011)
DOI:10.1016/j.tox.2011.03.001
Reference
PMID:16430879
  Authors
Valko M, Rhodes CJ, Moncol J, Izakovic M, Mazur M
  Title
Free radicals, metals and antioxidants in oxidative stress-induced cancer.
  Journal
Chem Biol Interact 160:1-40 (2006)
DOI:10.1016/j.cbi.2005.12.009
Reference
PMID:32731582
  Authors
Tumolo M, Ancona V, De Paola D, Losacco D, Campanale C, Massarelli C, Uricchio VF
  Title
Chromium Pollution in European Water, Sources, Health Risk, and Remediation Strategies: An Overview.
  Journal
Int J Environ Res Public Health 17:E5438 (2020)
DOI:10.3390/ijerph17155438
Reference
PMID:28860815
  Authors
Wang Y, Su H, Gu Y, Song X, Zhao J
  Title
Carcinogenicity of chromium and chemoprevention: a brief update.
  Journal
Onco Targets Ther 10:4065-4079 (2017)
DOI:10.2147/OTT.S139262
Reference
PMID:24820114
  Authors
Jin X, Chen M, Song L, Li H, Li Z
  Title
The evaluation of p,p'-DDT exposure on cell adhesion of hepatocellular carcinoma.
  Journal
Toxicology 322:99-108 (2014)
DOI:10.1016/j.tox.2014.05.002
Reference
PMID:20370557
  Authors
Liou GY, Storz P
  Title
Reactive oxygen species in cancer.
  Journal
Free Radic Res 44:479-96 (2010)
DOI:10.3109/10715761003667554
Reference
PMID:11275476
  Authors
Murata M, Tamura A, Tada M, Kawanishi S
  Title
Mechanism of oxidative DNA damage induced by carcinogenic 4-aminobiphenyl.
  Journal
Free Radic Biol Med 30:765-73 (2001)
DOI:10.1016/S0891-5849(01)00463-4
Reference
PMID:31283132
  Authors
  Title
  Journal
Pentachlorophenol and Some Related Compounds (2019)
Reference
PMID:19408893
  Authors
Zhu BZ, Shan GQ
  Title
Potential mechanism for pentachlorophenol-induced carcinogenicity: a novel mechanism for metal-independent production of hydroxyl radicals.
  Journal
Chem Res Toxicol 22:969-77 (2009)
DOI:10.1021/tx900030v
Reference
PMID:22166497
  Authors
McHale CM, Zhang L, Smith MT
  Title
Current understanding of the mechanism of benzene-induced leukemia in humans: implications for risk assessment.
  Journal
Carcinogenesis 33:240-52 (2012)
DOI:10.1093/carcin/bgr297
Reference
PMID:32977499
  Authors
Scharf P, Broering MF, Oliveira da Rocha GH, Farsky SHP
  Title
Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Environmental Pollutants on Hematopoiesis.
  Journal
Int J Mol Sci 21:E6996 (2020)
DOI:10.3390/ijms21196996
Reference
PMID:23066403
  Authors
Snyder R
  Title
Leukemia and benzene.
  Journal
Int J Environ Res Public Health 9:2875-93 (2012)
DOI:10.3390/ijerph9082875
Reference
PMID:9118888
  Authors
Snyder R, Hedli CC
  Title
An overview of benzene metabolism.
  Journal
Environ Health Perspect 104 Suppl 6:1165-71 (1996)
DOI:10.1289/ehp.961041165
Reference
PMID:11978484
  Authors
Kawanishi S, Hiraku Y, Murata M, Oikawa S
  Title
The role of metals in site-specific DNA damage with reference to carcinogenesis.
  Journal
Free Radic Biol Med 32:822-32 (2002)
DOI:10.1016/S0891-5849(02)00779-7
Reference
PMID:27919191
  Authors
Das DN, Panda PK, Naik PP, Mukhopadhyay S, Sinha N, Bhutia SK
  Title
Phytotherapeutic approach: a new hope for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons induced cellular disorders, autophagic and apoptotic cell death.
  Journal
Toxicol Mech Methods 27:1-17 (2017)
DOI:10.1080/15376516.2016.1268228
Reference
PMID:21910479
  Authors
Shultz CA, Quinn AM, Park JH, Harvey RG, Bolton JL, Maser E, Penning TM.
  Title
Specificity of human aldo-keto reductases, NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase, and carbonyl reductases to redox-cycle polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon diones and 4-hydroxyequilenin-o-quinone.
  Journal
Chem Res Toxicol 24:2153-66 (2011)
DOI:10.1021/tx200294c
Reference
PMID:25279998
  Authors
Penning TM
  Title
Human aldo-keto reductases and the metabolic activation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.
  Journal
Chem Res Toxicol 27:1901-17 (2014)
DOI:10.1021/tx500298n
Reference
PMID:10706104
  Authors
Burczynski ME, Penning TM
  Title
Genotoxic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon ortho-quinones generated by aldo-keto reductases induce CYP1A1 via nuclear translocation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor.
  Journal
Cancer Res 60:908-15 (2000)
Reference
PMID:15963346
  Authors
Xue W, Warshawsky D
  Title
Metabolic activation of polycyclic and heterocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and DNA damage: a review.
  Journal
Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 206:73-93 (2005)
DOI:10.1016/j.taap.2004.11.006
Reference
PMID:15142886
  Authors
Chen ZH, Hurh YJ, Na HK, Kim JH, Chun YJ, Kim DH, Kang KS, Cho MH, Surh YJ
  Title
Resveratrol inhibits TCDD-induced expression of CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 and catechol estrogen-mediated oxidative DNA damage in cultured human mammary epithelial cells.
  Journal
Carcinogenesis 25:2005-13 (2004)
DOI:10.1093/carcin/bgh183
Reference
PMID:16684662
  Authors
Rifkind AB
  Title
CYP1A in TCDD toxicity and in physiology-with particular reference to CYP dependent arachidonic acid metabolism and other endogenous substrates.
  Journal
Drug Metab Rev 38:291-335 (2006)
DOI:10.1080/03602530600570107
Reference
PMID:9380738
  Authors
Cavalieri EL, Stack DE, Devanesan PD, Todorovic R, Dwivedy I, Higginbotham S, Johansson SL, Patil KD, Gross ML, Gooden JK, Ramanathan R, Cerny RL, Rogan EG
  Title
Molecular origin of cancer: catechol estrogen-3,4-quinones as endogenous tumor initiators.
  Journal
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 94:10937-42 (1997)
DOI:10.1073/pnas.94.20.10937
Reference
PMID:9472688
  Authors
Zhu BT, Conney AH
  Title
Functional role of estrogen metabolism in target cells: review and perspectives.
  Journal
Carcinogenesis 19:1-27 (1998)
DOI:10.1093/carcin/19.1.1
Reference
PMID:19387921
  Authors
McKillop IH, Schrum LW
  Title
Role of alcohol in liver carcinogenesis.
  Journal
Semin Liver Dis 29:222-32 (2009)
DOI:10.1055/s-0029-1214377
Reference
PMID:15603755
  Authors
Gonzalez FJ
  Title
Role of cytochromes P450 in chemical toxicity and oxidative stress: studies with CYP2E1.
  Journal
Mutat Res 569:101-10 (2005)
DOI:10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2004.04.021
Reference
PMID:31864052
  Authors
Montalbano AM, Albano GD, Anzalone G, Moscato M, Gagliardo R, Di Sano C, Bonanno A, Ruggieri S, Cibella F, Profita M
  Title
Cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of the flame retardants (PBDE-47, PBDE-99 and PBDE-209) in human bronchial epithelial cells.
  Journal
Chemosphere 245:125600 (2020)
DOI:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125600
Reference
PMID:33907575
  Authors
Sun HN, Ren CX, Gong YX, Xie DP, Kwon T
  Title
Regulatory function of peroxiredoxin I on 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone-induced lung cancer development.
  Journal
Oncol Lett 21:465 (2021)
DOI:10.3892/ol.2021.12726
Reference
PMID:25372613
  Authors
Pluchino LA, Wang HC
  Title
Chronic exposure to combined carcinogens enhances breast cell carcinogenesis with mesenchymal and stem-like cell properties.
  Journal
PLoS One 9:e108698 (2014)
DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0108698
Reference
PMID:25535943
  Authors
Pluchino LA, Liu AK, Wang HC
  Title
Reactive oxygen species-mediated breast cell carcinogenesis enhanced by multiple carcinogens and intervened by dietary ergosterol and mimosine.
  Journal
Free Radic Biol Med 80:12-26 (2015)
DOI:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.12.015
Reference
PMID:30327380
  Authors
Moldogazieva NT, Lutsenko SV, Terentiev AA
  Title
Reactive Oxygen and Nitrogen Species-Induced Protein Modifications: Implication in Carcinogenesis and Anticancer Therapy.
  Journal
Cancer Res 78:6040-6047 (2018)
DOI:10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-18-0980
Reference
PMID:32358622
  Authors
Kirtonia A, Sethi G, Garg M
  Title
The multifaceted role of reactive oxygen species in tumorigenesis.
  Journal
Cell Mol Life Sci 77:4459-4483 (2020)
DOI:10.1007/s00018-020-03536-5
Reference
PMID:29449774
  Authors
Kumari S, Badana AK, G MM, G S, Malla R
  Title
Reactive Oxygen Species: A Key Constituent in Cancer Survival.
  Journal
Biomark Insights 13:1177271918755391 (2018)
DOI:10.1177/1177271918755391
Reference
PMID:28881698
  Authors
Gao X, Schottker B
  Title
Reduction-oxidation pathways involved in cancer development: a systematic review of literature reviews.
  Journal
Oncotarget 8:51888-51906 (2017)
DOI:10.18632/oncotarget.17128
Reference
PMID:15769673
  Authors
Storz P
  Title
Reactive oxygen species in tumor progression.
  Journal
Front Biosci 10:1881-96 (2005)
DOI:10.2741/1667
Reference
PMID:28835450
  Authors
Assi M
  Title
The differential role of reactive oxygen species in early and late stages of cancer.
  Journal
Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 313:R646-R653 (2017)
DOI:10.1152/ajpregu.00247.2017
Reference
PMID:15024053
  Authors
Storz P, Doppler H, Toker A
  Title
Protein kinase Cdelta selectively regulates protein kinase D-dependent activation of NF-kappaB in oxidative stress signaling.
  Journal
Mol Cell Biol 24:2614-26 (2004)
DOI:10.1128/MCB.24.7.2614-2626.2004
Reference
PMID:24998536
  Authors
Nourazarian AR, Kangari P, Salmaninejad A
  Title
Roles of oxidative stress in the development and progression of breast cancer.
  Journal
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 15:4745-51 (2014)
DOI:10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.12.4745
Reference
PMID:32336668
  Authors
Zheng F, Goncalves FM, Abiko Y, Li H, Kumagai Y, Aschner M
  Title
Redox toxicology of environmental chemicals causing oxidative stress.
  Journal
Redox Biol 34:101475 (2020)
DOI:10.1016/j.redox.2020.101475
Related
pathway
pcad00190  Oxidative phosphorylation
pcad00980  Metabolism of xenobiotics by cytochrome P450
pcad04010  MAPK signaling pathway
pcad04064  NF-kappa B signaling pathway
pcad04066  HIF-1 signaling pathway
pcad04151  PI3K-Akt signaling pathway
pcad04370  VEGF signaling pathway
pcad05207  Chemical carcinogenesis - receptor activation
pcad05211  Renal cell carcinoma
pcad05215  Prostate cancer
pcad05219  Bladder cancer
pcad05221  Acute myeloid leukemia
pcad05222  Small cell lung cancer
pcad05223  Non-small cell lung cancer
pcad05224  Breast cancer
pcad05225  Hepatocellular carcinoma
KO pathway
ko05208   

DBGET integrated database retrieval system