Entry
Name
Focal adhesion - Ursus americanus (American black bear)
Description
Cell-matrix adhesions play essential roles in important biological processes including cell motility, cell proliferation, cell differentiation, regulation of gene expression and cell survival. At the cell-extracellular matrix contact points, specialized structures are formed and termed focal adhesions, where bundles of actin filaments are anchored to transmembrane receptors of the integrin family through a multi-molecular complex of junctional plaque proteins. Some of the constituents of focal adhesions participate in the structural link between membrane receptors and the actin cytoskeleton, while others are signalling molecules, including different protein kinases and phosphatases, their substrates, and various adapter proteins. Integrin signaling is dependent upon the non-receptor tyrosine kinase activities of the FAK and src proteins as well as the adaptor protein functions of FAK, src and Shc to initiate downstream signaling events. These signalling events culminate in reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton; a prerequisite for changes in cell shape and motility, and gene expression. Similar morphological alterations and modulation of gene expression are initiated by the binding of growth factors to their respective receptors, emphasizing the considerable crosstalk between adhesion- and growth factor-mediated signalling.
Class
Cellular Processes; Cellular community - eukaryotes
BRITE hierarchy
Pathway map
Ortholog table
Other DBs
Organism
Ursus americanus (American black bear) [GN:
uar ]
Gene
123784800 COL4A6; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: collagen alpha-6(IV) chain [KO:K06237 ]
123779139 COL6A1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: collagen alpha-1(VI) chain [KO:K06238 ]
123802515 PDGFA; platelet-derived growth factor subunit A isoform X1 [KO:K04359 ]
123780665 PDGFB; platelet-derived growth factor subunit B isoform X1 [KO:K17386 ]
123793362 EGF; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: pro-epidermal growth factor [KO:K04357 ]
123778493 VEGFB; vascular endothelial growth factor B isoform X1 [KO:K16858 ]
123797262 VEGFD; vascular endothelial growth factor D isoform X1 [KO:K05449 ]
123779111 MYL2; myosin regulatory light chain 2, ventricular/cardiac muscle isoform isoform X1 [KO:K10351 ]
123789626 MYL7; myosin regulatory light chain 2, atrial isoform [KO:K12754 ]
123784777 MYLPF; myosin regulatory light chain 2, skeletal muscle isoform [KO:K12758 ]
123780848 PPP1R12A; protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 12A isoform X1 [KO:K06270 ]
123785739 PPP1R12B; protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 12B isoform X1 [KO:K12329 ]
123786950 PPP1R12C; protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 12C isoform X1 [KO:K17457 ]
123796830 PIP5K1C; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate 5-kinase type-1 gamma [KO:K00889 ] [EC:2.7.1.68 ]
123796881 RASGRF1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: ras-specific guanine nucleotide-releasing factor 1 [KO:K04349 ]
123786407 PIK3CA; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K00922 ] [EC:2.7.1.153 ]
123788422 PIK3CB; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K00922 ] [EC:2.7.1.153 ]
123779078 PIK3CD; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K00922 ] [EC:2.7.1.153 ]
123800228 PIK3R1; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K02649 ]
123793748 PIK3R3; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit gamma isoform X1 [KO:K02649 ]
123779926 PIK3R2; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit beta [KO:K02649 ]
123775750 VAV2; guanine nucleotide exchange factor VAV2 isoform X1 [KO:K05730 ]
123780787 RAC2; ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 2 isoform X1 [KO:K07860 ]
123777961 RAC3; ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 3 isoform X1 [KO:K07861 ]
123782153 CDC42; cell division control protein 42 homolog isoform X1 [KO:K04393 ]
123791314 BCAR1; breast cancer anti-estrogen resistance protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K05726 ]
123775730 RAPGEF1; rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 1 isoform X1 [KO:K06277 ]
123787940 ELK1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: ETS domain-containing protein Elk-1 [KO:K04375 ]
Compound
C04637 1-Phosphatidyl-D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate
C05981 Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate
Reference
Authors
Berman AE, Kozlova NI, Morozevich GE.
Title
Integrins: structure and signaling.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Lee JW, Juliano R.
Title
Mitogenic signal transduction by integrin- and growth factor receptor-mediated pathways.
Journal
Mol Cells 17:188-202 (2004)
Reference
Authors
Danen EH, Yamada KM.
Title
Fibronectin, integrins, and growth control.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Guo W, Giancotti FG.
Title
Integrin signalling during tumour progression.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Petit V, Thiery JP.
Title
Focal adhesions: structure and dynamics.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Stupack DG, Cheresh DA.
Title
Get a ligand, get a life: integrins, signaling and cell survival.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Parsons JT.
Title
Focal adhesion kinase: the first ten years.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Mitra SK, Hanson DA, Schlaepfer DD.
Title
Focal adhesion kinase: in command and control of cell motility.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Comoglio PM, Boccaccio C, Trusolino L.
Title
Interactions between growth factor receptors and adhesion molecules: breaking the rules.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Schlaepfer DD, Mitra SK.
Title
Multiple connections link FAK to cell motility and invasion.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Burridge K, Wennerberg K.
Title
Rho and Rac take center stage.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Schmitz AA, Govek EE, Bottner B, Van Aelst L.
Title
Rho GTPases: signaling, migration, and invasion.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Vanhaesebroeck B, Alessi DR.
Title
The PI3K-PDK1 connection: more than just a road to PKB.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Nicholson KM, Anderson NG.
Title
The protein kinase B/Akt signalling pathway in human malignancy.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Oloumi A, McPhee T, Dedhar S.
Title
Regulation of E-cadherin expression and beta-catenin/Tcf transcriptional activity by the integrin-linked kinase.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Turner CE.
Title
Paxillin and focal adhesion signalling.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Hlobilkova A, Knillova J, Bartek J, Lukas J, Kolar Z.
Title
The mechanism of action of the tumour suppressor gene PTEN.
Journal
Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub 147:19-25 (2003)
Related pathway
uar04060 Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction
uar04070 Phosphatidylinositol signaling system
uar04810 Regulation of actin cytoskeleton
KO pathway
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