Entry
Name
Chemokine signaling pathway - Equus caballus (horse)
Description
Inflammatory immune response requires the recruitment of leukocytes to the site of inflammation upon foreign insult. Chemokines are small chemoattractant peptides that provide directional cues for the cell trafficking and thus are vital for protective host response. In addition, chemokines regulate plethora of biological processes of hematopoietic cells to lead cellular activation, differentiation and survival.
The chemokine signal is transduced by chemokine receptors (G-protein coupled receptors) expressed on the immune cells. After receptor activation, the alpha- and beta-gamma-subunits of G protein dissociate to activate diverse downstream pathways resulting in cellular polarization and actin reorganization. Various members of small GTPases are involved in this process. Induction of nitric oxide and production of reactive oxygen species are as well regulated by chemokine signal via calcium mobilization and diacylglycerol production.
Class
Organismal Systems; Immune system
BRITE hierarchy
Pathway map
Ortholog table
Other DBs
Organism
Equus caballus (horse) [GN:
ecb ]
Gene
100034121 CXCL1; chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 (melanoma growth stimulating activity, alpha) precursor [KO:K05505 ]
100056258 MIP-2BETA; uncharacterized protein LOC100056258 precursor [KO:K05505 ]
100069633 STAT1; signal transducer and activator of transcription 1-alpha/beta [KO:K11220 ]
100052513 STAT2; signal transducer and activator of transcription 2 [KO:K11221 ]
100034011 STAT3; signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 [KO:K04692 ]
100052954 signal transducer and activator of transcription 5B isoform X3 [KO:K11224 ]
100055673 GNAI1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-1 [KO:K04630 ]
100062085 GNAI2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-2 [KO:K04630 ]
100058238 GNAI3; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(k) subunit alpha [KO:K04630 ]
100051623 PIK3CD; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K00922 ] [EC:2.7.1.153 ]
100058141 PIK3CA; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform isoform X1 [KO:K00922 ] [EC:2.7.1.153 ]
100051753 PIK3CB; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform [KO:K00922 ] [EC:2.7.1.153 ]
100052122 phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit gamma isoform X1 [KO:K02649 ]
100050227 PIK3R1; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit alpha isoform X3 [KO:K02649 ]
100146348 PIK3R2; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit beta [KO:K02649 ]
100050532 PIK3CG; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit gamma isoform isoform X1 [KO:K21289 ] [EC:2.7.1.153 ]
100062810 PIK3R5; phosphoinositide 3-kinase regulatory subunit 5 isoform X3 [KO:K21290 ]
100062779 PIK3R6; phosphoinositide 3-kinase regulatory subunit 6 isoform X1 [KO:K21290 ]
100067894 NFKB1; nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit isoform X4 [KO:K02580 ]
100057737 VAV3; guanine nucleotide exchange factor VAV3 isoform X1 [KO:K05730 ]
100069175 VAV2; guanine nucleotide exchange factor VAV2 isoform X1 [KO:K05730 ]
100061732 RAC1; ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04392 ]
100054701 RAC2; ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 2 isoform X2 [KO:K07860 ]
100054738 RAC3; ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 3 isoform X1 [KO:K07861 ]
100061395 GNB1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-1 [KO:K04536 ]
100067486 GNB2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-2 [KO:K04537 ]
100052560 GNB3; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-3 isoform X2 [KO:K07825 ]
100058274 GNB4; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit beta-4 [KO:K04538 ]
100146498 GNB5; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit beta-5 [KO:K04539 ]
100630067 GNG2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-2 [KO:K07826 ]
100063795 GNG3; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-3 [KO:K04540 ]
100058605 GNG4; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-4 [KO:K04541 ]
100064813 GNG5; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-5 [KO:K04542 ]
100059736 GNG7; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-7 [KO:K04543 ]
106782014 GNG8; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-8 [KO:K04544 ]
100630493 GNG10; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-10 [KO:K04545 ]
100051499 GNG11; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-11 [KO:K04546 ]
100063518 GNG14; putative guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-14 [KO:K04347 ]
100630574 GNG12; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-12 [KO:K04347 ]
100065327 GNG13; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-13 [KO:K04547 ]
100051430 GNGT1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(T) subunit gamma-T1 [KO:K04548 ]
100069660 GNGT2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-T2 isoform X2 [KO:K04549 ]
100071328 PREX1; phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate-dependent Rac exchanger 1 protein isoform X1 [KO:K12365 ]
100055551 ELMO1; engulfment and cell motility protein 1 isoform X6 [KO:K12366 ]
100068908 BCAR1; breast cancer anti-estrogen resistance protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K05726 ]
100063136 GNAQ; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(q) subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04634 ]
100057315 PLCB2; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-2 isoform X1 [KO:K05858 ] [EC:3.1.4.11 ]
100051558 PLCB1; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-1 isoform X1 [KO:K05858 ] [EC:3.1.4.11 ]
100051485 PLCB4; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-4 isoform X1 [KO:K05858 ] [EC:3.1.4.11 ]
100070545 PLCG1; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase gamma-1 isoform X3 [KO:K01116 ] [EC:3.1.4.11 ]
100055670 PLCG2; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase gamma-2 isoform X2 [KO:K05859 ] [EC:3.1.4.11 ]
100052764 TIAM1; T-lymphoma invasion and metastasis-inducing protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K05731 ]
Compound
C01245 D-myo-Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate
C05981 Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate
Reference
Authors
Wong MM, Fish EN
Title
Chemokines: attractive mediators of the immune response.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Curnock AP, Logan MK, Ward SG
Title
Chemokine signalling: pivoting around multiple phosphoinositide 3-kinases.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Olson TS, Ley K
Title
Chemokines and chemokine receptors in leukocyte trafficking.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Busillo JM, Benovic JL
Title
Regulation of CXCR4 signaling.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Mellado M, Rodriguez-Frade JM, Manes S, Martinez-A C
Title
Chemokine signaling and functional responses: the role of receptor dimerization and TK pathway activation.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Knall C, Young S, Nick JA, Buhl AM, Worthen GS, Johnson GL
Title
Interleukin-8 regulation of the Ras/Raf/mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway in human neutrophils.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Patrussi L, Ulivieri C, Lucherini OM, Paccani SR, Gamberucci A, Lanfrancone L, Pelicci PG, Baldari CT
Title
p52Shc is required for CXCR4-dependent signaling and chemotaxis in T cells.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Sai J, Raman D, Liu Y, Wikswo J, Richmond A
Title
Parallel phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-dependent and Src-dependent pathways lead to CXCL8-mediated Rac2 activation and chemotaxis.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Hauck CR, Klingbeil CK, Schlaepfer DD
Title
Focal adhesion kinase functions as a receptor-proximal signaling component required for directed cell migration.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Chandrasekar B, Bysani S, Mummidi S
Title
CXCL16 signals via Gi, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, Akt, I kappa B kinase, and nuclear factor-kappa B and induces cell-cell adhesion and aortic smooth muscle cell proliferation.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Smith L, Webb A, Ward SG
Title
T-lymphocyte navigation and migration: beyond the PI3K paradigm.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Huttenrauch F, Pollok-Kopp B, Oppermann M
Title
G protein-coupled receptor kinases promote phosphorylation and beta-arrestin-mediated internalization of CCR5 homo- and hetero-oligomers.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Thelen M, Stein JV
Title
How chemokines invite leukocytes to dance.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Ward SG, Marelli-Berg FM
Title
Mechanisms of chemokine and antigen-dependent T-lymphocyte navigation.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Schwartzberg PL, Finkelstein LD, Readinger JA
Title
TEC-family kinases: regulators of T-helper-cell differentiation.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Berg LJ, Finkelstein LD, Lucas JA, Schwartzberg PL.
Title
Tec family kinases in T lymphocyte development and function.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Ticchioni M, Essafi M, Jeandel PY, Davi F, Cassuto JP, Deckert M, Bernard A
Title
Homeostatic chemokines increase survival of B-chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells through inactivation of transcription factor FOXO3a.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Korchak HM, Rossi MW, Kilpatrick LE
Title
Selective role for beta-protein kinase C in signaling for O-2 generation but not degranulation or adherence in differentiated HL60 cells.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Johnson Z, Power CA, Weiss C, Rintelen F, Ji H, Ruckle T, Camps M, Wells TN, Schwarz MK, Proudfoot AE, Rommel C
Title
Chemokine inhibition--why, when, where, which and how?
Journal
Reference
Authors
Zhelev DV, Alteraifi A
Title
Signaling in the motility responses of the human neutrophil.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Bach TL, Chen QM, Kerr WT, Wang Y, Lian L, Choi JK, Wu D, Kazanietz MG, Koretzky GA, Zigmond S, Abrams CS
Title
Phospholipase cbeta is critical for T cell chemotaxis.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Hornstein I, Alcover A, Katzav S
Title
Vav proteins, masters of the world of cytoskeleton organization.
Journal
Related pathway
ecb04060 Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction
ecb04670 Leukocyte transendothelial migration
ecb04810 Regulation of actin cytoskeleton
KO pathway
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