Entry
Name
Calcium signaling pathway - Micropterus salmoides (largemouth bass)
Description
Ca2+ that enters the cell from the outside is a principal source of signal Ca2+. Entry of Ca2+ is driven by the presence of a large electrochemical gradient across the plasma membrane. Cells use this external source of signal Ca2+ by activating various entry channels with widely different properties. The voltage-operated channels (VOCs) are found in excitable cells and generate the rapid Ca2+ fluxes that control fast cellular processes. There are many other Ca2+-entry channels, such as the receptor-operated channels (ROCs), for example the NMDA (N-methyl-D-aspartate) receptors (NMDARs) that respond to glutamate. There also are second-messenger-operated channels (SMOCs) and store-operated channels (SOCs).
The other principal source of Ca2+ for signalling is the internal stores that are located primarily in the endoplasmic/sarcoplasmic reticulum (ER/SR), in which inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors (IP3Rs) or ryanodine receptors (RYRs) regulate the release of Ca2+. The principal activator of these channels is Ca2+ itself and this process of Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release is central to the mechanism of Ca2+ signalling. Various second messengers or modulators also control the release of Ca2+. IP3, which is generated by pathways using different isoforms of phospholipase C (PLCbeta, delta, epsilon, gamma and zeta), regulates the IP3Rs. Cyclic ADP-ribose (cADPR) releases Ca2+ via RYRs. Nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAADP) may activate a distinct Ca2+ release mechanism on separate acidic Ca2+ stores. Ca2+ release via the NAADP-sensitive mechanism may also feedback onto either RYRs or IP3Rs. cADPR and NAADP are generated by CD38. This enzyme might be sensitive to the cellular metabolism, as ATP and NADH inhibit it.
The influx of Ca2+ from the environment or release from internal stores causes a very rapid and dramatic increase in cytoplasmic calcium concentration, which has been widely exploited for signal transduction. Some proteins, such as troponin C (TnC) involved in muscle contraction, directly bind to and sense Ca2+. However, in other cases Ca2+ is sensed through intermediate calcium sensors such as calmodulin (CALM).
Class
Environmental Information Processing; Signal transduction
BRITE hierarchy
Pathway map
Other DBs
Organism
Micropterus salmoides (largemouth bass) [GN:
msam ]
Gene
119882859 calm3a; calmodulin 3a (phosphorylase kinase, delta) isoform X1 [KO:K02183 ]
119883508 grm5b; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: metabotropic glutamate receptor 5b [KO:K04604 ]
119886005 grin2aa; glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A isoform X1 [KO:K05209 ]
119886016 cacna1ha; voltage-dependent T-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1I [KO:K04855 ]
119886716 cacna1da; calcium channel, voltage-dependent, L type, alpha 1D subunit, a [KO:K04851 ]
119887893 cacna1aa; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: voltage-dependent P/Q-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1A [KO:K04344 ]
119888036 cacna1ia; voltage-dependent T-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1I isoform X1 [KO:K04856 ]
119888332 grin3bb; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3B [KO:K05214 ]
119889209 ppp3cb; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2B catalytic subunit beta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K04348 ] [EC:3.1.3.16 ]
119889692 pdgfab; platelet-derived growth factor alpha polypeptide b [KO:K04359 ]
119889787 nfatc3a; nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 3 isoform X1 [KO:K17333 ]
119890242 vegfd; vascular endothelial growth factor D isoform X1 [KO:K05449 ]
119890292 phkb; phosphorylase b kinase regulatory subunit beta isoform X1 [KO:K07190 ]
119890430 phka2; phosphorylase b kinase regulatory subunit alpha, liver isoform isoform X1 [KO:K07190 ]
119890757 chrna7a; neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-7a [KO:K04809 ]
119891196 vdac3; voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K15041 ]
119891232 camk2b1; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (CaM kinase) II beta 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04515 ] [EC:2.7.11.17 ]
119891353 gna14a; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit alpha-14 [KO:K04636 ]
119891535 grin1b; glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1b isoform X1 [KO:K05208 ]
119892109 cacna1ba; calcium channel, voltage-dependent, N type, alpha 1B subunit, a [KO:K04849 ]
119893078 trhr2; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: thyrotropin releasing hormone receptor 2 [KO:K04282 ]
119894765 slc8a4a; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: solute carrier family 8 member 4a [KO:K05849 ]
119894774 grin2ca; glutamate receptor, ionotropic, N-methyl D-aspartate 2Ca [KO:K05211 ]
119894974 ppp3ca; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2B catalytic subunit alpha isoform isoform X1 [KO:K04348 ] [EC:3.1.3.16 ]
119895609 vdac1; voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 1 [KO:K05862 ]
119896511 prkacaa; protein kinase, cAMP-dependent, catalytic, alpha, genome duplicate a isoform X1 [KO:K04345 ] [EC:2.7.11.11 ]
119896891 vegfaa; vascular endothelial growth factor A-A isoform X1 [KO:K05448 ]
119898592 cacna1ab; calcium channel, voltage-dependent, P/Q type, alpha 1A subunit, b isoform X1 [KO:K04344 ]
119899100 camk2d2; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II delta 2 chain isoform X1 [KO:K04515 ] [EC:2.7.11.17 ]
119899163 grin2bb; glutamate receptor, ionotropic, N-methyl D-aspartate 2B, genome duplicate b isoform X1 [KO:K05210 ]
119901776 nfatc4; nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 4 [KO:K17334 ]
119901921 pde1cb; calcium/calmodulin-dependent 3',5'-cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase 1A isoform X1 [KO:K13755 ] [EC:3.1.4.17 ]
119902018 cacna1eb; voltage-dependent R-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1E isoform X1 [KO:K04852 ]
119904614 pde1a; calcium/calmodulin-dependent 3',5'-cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase 1A [KO:K13755 ] [EC:3.1.4.17 ]
119905055 cacna1fb; calcium channel, voltage-dependent, L type, alpha 1F subunit [KO:K04853 ]
119905085 itpr3; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 3 isoform X1 [KO:K04960 ]
119905094 cacna1fa; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1D [KO:K04853 ]
119905133 nfatc2a; nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 2 isoform X1 [KO:K17332 ]
119905411 plcg1; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase gamma-1 isoform X1 [KO:K01116 ] [EC:3.1.4.11 ]
119905691 gnas; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(s) subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04632 ]
119905703 cacna1db; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1D [KO:K04851 ]
119907292 nfatc1; nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04446 ]
119908556 vegfab; vascular endothelial growth factor Ab isoform X1 [KO:K05448 ]
119910708 htr5ab; 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) receptor 5A, genome duplicate b [KO:K04161 ]
119911817 plcb3; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-3 isoform X1 [KO:K05858 ] [EC:3.1.4.11 ]
119912136 camk2d1; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II delta 1 chain isoform X1 [KO:K04515 ] [EC:2.7.11.17 ]
119912584 phka1a; phosphorylase b kinase regulatory subunit alpha, skeletal muscle isoform isoform X1 [KO:K07190 ]
119913184 htr2cl1; 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) receptor 2C, G protein-coupled-like 1 [KO:K04157 ]
119914522 cacna1bb; voltage-dependent N-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1B isoform X1 [KO:K04849 ]
119914585 orai1b; calcium release-activated calcium channel protein 1 [KO:K16056 ]
119915120 zgc:56235; voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K15041 ]
119915776 plce1; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase epsilon-1 isoform X1 [KO:K05860 ] [EC:3.1.4.11 ]
119916493 cacna1g; voltage-dependent T-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1G [KO:K04854 ]
119917090 lhcgr; lutropin-choriogonadotropic hormone receptor isoform X1 [KO:K04248 ]
119917586 vdac2; voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 2 [KO:K15040 ]
119918210 cacna1c; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1C isoform X1 [KO:K04850 ]
Compound
C01245 D-myo-Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate
C06124 Sphingosine 1-phosphate
C11556 1-Phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3,5-bisphosphate
C13051 Nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate
Reference
Authors
Berridge MJ, Bootman MD, Roderick HL.
Title
Calcium signalling: dynamics, homeostasis and remodelling.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Berridge MJ, Lipp P, Bootman MD.
Title
The versatility and universality of calcium signalling.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Wang MC, Dolphin A, Kitmitto A.
Title
L-type voltage-gated calcium channels: understanding function through structure.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Ferrier GR, Howlett SE.
Title
Cardiac excitation-contraction coupling: role of membrane potential in regulation of contraction.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Keef KD, Hume JR, Zhong J.
Title
Regulation of cardiac and smooth muscle Ca(2+) channels (Ca(V)1.2a,b) by protein kinases.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Hell JW, Appleyard SM, Yokoyama CT, Warner C, Catterall WA.
Title
Differential phosphorylation of two size forms of the N-type calcium channel alpha 1 subunit which have different COOH termini.
Journal
J Biol Chem 269:7390-6 (1994)
Reference
Authors
Yunker AM.
Title
Modulation and pharmacology of low voltage-activated ("T-Type") calcium channels.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Yakel JL.
Title
Calcineurin regulation of synaptic function: from ion channels to transmitter release and gene transcription.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Fukunaga K, Miyamoto E.
Title
A working model of CaM kinase II activity in hippocampal long-term potentiation and memory.
Journal
Reference
Authors
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Title
Ras-dependent mitogen-activated protein kinase activation by G protein-coupled receptors. Convergence of Gi- and Gq-mediated pathways on calcium/calmodulin, Pyk2, and Src kinase.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Furuichi T, Mikoshiba K.
Title
Inositol 1, 4, 5-trisphosphate receptor-mediated Ca2+ signaling in the brain.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Bruce JI, Straub SV, Yule DI.
Title
Crosstalk between cAMP and Ca2+ signaling in non-excitable cells.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Lee HC, Munshi C, Graeff R.
Title
Structures and activities of cyclic ADP-ribose, NAADP and their metabolic enzymes.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Crompton M.
Title
Mitochondrial intermembrane junctional complexes and their role in cell death.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Grewal SS, York RD, Stork PJ.
Title
Extracellular-signal-regulated kinase signalling in neurons.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Trushin SA, Pennington KN, Carmona EM, Asin S, Savoy DN, Billadeau DD, Paya CV.
Title
Protein kinase Calpha (PKCalpha) acts upstream of PKCtheta to activate IkappaB kinase and NF-kappaB in T lymphocytes.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Hutchins JR, Dikovskaya D, Clarke PR.
Title
Regulation of Cdc2/cyclin B activation in Xenopus egg extracts via inhibitory phosphorylation of Cdc25C phosphatase by Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein [corrected] kinase II.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Tornquist K
Title
Sphingosine 1-phosphate, sphingosine kinase and autocrine calcium signalling in thyroid cells.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Feske S
Title
Immunodeficiency due to defects in store-operated calcium entry.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Giachini FR, Lima VV, Hannan JL, Carneiro FS, Webb RC, Tostes RC
Title
STIM1/Orai1-mediated store-operated Ca2+ entry: the tip of the iceberg.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Baba Y, Kurosaki T
Title
[Regulation of store-operated calcium entry by STIM1].
Journal
Seikagaku 80:1123-8 (2008)
Reference
Authors
Galione A, Evans AM, Ma J, Parrington J, Arredouani A, Cheng X, Zhu MX
Title
The acid test: the discovery of two-pore channels (TPCs) as NAADP-gated endolysosomal Ca(2+) release channels.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Beard NA, Wei L, Dulhunty AF
Title
Ca(2+) signaling in striated muscle: the elusive roles of triadin, junctin, and calsequestrin.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Marty I
Title
Triadin regulation of the ryanodine receptor complex.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Arvanitis DA, Vafiadaki E, Sanoudou D, Kranias EG
Title
Histidine-rich calcium binding protein: the new regulator of sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium cycling.
Journal
Related pathway
msam04070 Phosphatidylinositol signaling system
KO pathway