KEGG   PATHWAY: hsa04613
Entry
hsa04613                    Pathway                                
Name
Neutrophil extracellular trap formation - Homo sapiens (human)
Description
Neutrophils play a central role in innate immune defense. One of the mechanisms of neutrophil action is the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), the extracellular structures composed of chromatin coated with histones, proteases and granular and cytosolic proteins that help catch and kill microorganisms. NETs are formed by a process known as "NETosis" that can be triggered by microorganisms and endogenous stimuli, such as damage-associated molecular patterns and immune complexes, and involves activation in most cases of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH)-oxidase, which produces reactive oxygen species (ROS). Recent study has reported that there are two different mechanisms of NETosis, including a lytic NETosis and a vital NETosis. Lytic NETosis begins with nuclear delobulation and the disassembly of the nuclear envelope and continues with loss of cellular polarization, chromatin decondensation and plasma membrane rupture. Vital NETosis can occur independently of cell death and involves the secreted expulsion of nuclear chromatin that is accompanied by the release of granule proteins through degranulation.
Class
Organismal Systems; Immune system
Pathway map
hsa04613  Neutrophil extracellular trap formation
hsa04613

Drug
D01666  Bropirimine (JAN/USAN/INN)
D02500  Imiquimod (JAN/USP/INN)
D04619  Isatoribine (USAN)
D04787  Loxoribine (USAN/INN)
D09892  Egaptivon pegol (USAN)
D11003  Vesatolimod (USAN/INN)
D11480  Crizanlizumab (USAN/INN)
D11660  Redasemtide trifluoroacetate (JAN)
D11871  Selgantolimod (USAN/INN)
D12261  Enpatoran (USAN/INN)
D12356  Zilucoplan sodium (JAN)
D12357  Zilucoplan (USAN/INN)
D12453  Guretolimod (USAN/INN)
D12521  Ruzotolimod (USAN/INN)
D12551  Bocodepsin (USAN)
D12552  Bocodepsin besylate (USAN)
D12624  Paridiprubart (USAN/INN)
D12647  Mitiperstat (USAN/INN)
D13323  Riztunitide (USAN/INN)
Organism
Homo sapiens (human) [GN:hsa]
Gene
10000  AKT3; RAC-gamma serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform 1 [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
10013  HDAC6; protein deacetylase HDAC6 isoform b [KO:K11407] [EC:3.5.1.98]
10014  HDAC5; histone deacetylase 5 isoform 1 [KO:K11406] [EC:3.5.1.98]
10105  PPIF; peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase F, mitochondrial precursor [KO:K09565] [EC:5.2.1.8]
102723407  [KO:K06856]
102724334  [KO:K11252]
10533  ATG7; ubiquitin-like modifier-activating enzyme ATG7 isoform a [KO:K08337]
110117499  P3R3URF-PIK3R3; LOC110117498-PIK3R3 readthrough [KO:K02649]
114483833  H2BK1; histone H2B type 2-K1 [KO:K11252]
115482686  H2AL3; histone H2A-like 3 [KO:K11251]
1182  CLCN3; H(+)/Cl(-) exchange transporter 3 isoform b [KO:K05012]
1183  CLCN4; H(+)/Cl(-) exchange transporter 4 isoform 1 [KO:K05012]
1184  CLCN5; H(+)/Cl(-) exchange transporter 5 isoform a [KO:K05012]
121504  H4C16; histone H4 [KO:K11254]
126961  H3C14; histone H3.2 [KO:K11253]
128312  H2BC26; histone H2B type 3-B [KO:K11252]
1378  CR1; complement receptor type 1 isoform S precursor [KO:K04011]
1379  CR1L; complement component receptor 1-like protein precursor [KO:K04011]
1432  MAPK14; mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 isoform 2 [KO:K04441] [EC:2.7.11.24]
1511  CTSG; cathepsin G preproprotein [KO:K01319] [EC:3.4.21.20]
1535  CYBA; cytochrome b-245 light chain [KO:K08009]
1536  CYBB; NADPH oxidase 2 [KO:K21421] [EC:1.-.-.-]
158983  H2BW1; histone H2B type W-T [KO:K11252]
177  AGER; advanced glycosylation end product-specific receptor isoform 1 precursor [KO:K19722]
1991  ELANE; neutrophil elastase preproprotein [KO:K01327] [EC:3.4.21.37]
207  AKT1; RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
208  AKT2; RAC-beta serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform 1 [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
2209  FCGR1A; high affinity immunoglobulin gamma Fc receptor I isoform 2 precursor [KO:K06498]
2212  FCGR2A; low affinity immunoglobulin gamma Fc region receptor II-a isoform 1 precursor [KO:K06472]
2214  FCGR3A; low affinity immunoglobulin gamma Fc region receptor III-A isoform c precursor [KO:K06463]
2215  FCGR3B; low affinity immunoglobulin gamma Fc region receptor III-B isoform 2 precursor [KO:K06463]
221613  H2AC1; histone H2A type 1-A [KO:K11251]
2243  FGA; fibrinogen alpha chain isoform alpha-E preproprotein [KO:K03903]
2244  FGB; fibrinogen beta chain isoform 1 preproprotein [KO:K03904]
2266  FGG; fibrinogen gamma chain isoform gamma-B precursor [KO:K03905]
23236  PLCB1; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-1 isoform a [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
23569  PADI4; protein-arginine deiminase type-4 [KO:K24669]
2357  FPR1; fMet-Leu-Phe receptor [KO:K04172]
2358  FPR2; N-formyl peptide receptor 2 [KO:K04173]
2359  FPR3; N-formyl peptide receptor 3 [KO:K04173]
2475  MTOR; serine/threonine-protein kinase mTOR isoform 1 [KO:K07203] [EC:2.7.11.1]
255626  H2BC1; histone H2B type 1-A [KO:K11252]
27180  SIGLEC9; sialic acid-binding Ig-like lectin 9 isoform 2 precursor [KO:K06740]
2811  GP1BA; platelet glycoprotein Ib alpha chain precursor [KO:K06261]
286436  H2BW2; histone H2B type F-M [KO:K11252]
291  SLC25A4; ADP/ATP translocase 1 [KO:K05863]
292  SLC25A5; ADP/ATP translocase 2 [KO:K05863]
293  SLC25A6; ADP/ATP translocase 3 [KO:K05863]
3012  H2AC8; histone H2A type 1-B/E [KO:K11251]
3013  H2AC7; histone H2A type 1-D [KO:K11251]
3014  H2AX; histone H2AX [KO:K11251]
3015  H2AZ1; histone H2A.Z [KO:K11251]
3017  H2BC5; histone H2B type 1-D [KO:K11252]
3018  H2BC3; histone H2B type 1-B [KO:K11252]
3020  H3-3A; histone H3.3 [KO:K11253]
3021  H3-3B; histone H3.3 [KO:K11253]
3065  HDAC1; histone deacetylase 1 [KO:K06067] [EC:3.5.1.98]
3066  HDAC2; histone deacetylase 2 [KO:K06067] [EC:3.5.1.98]
3146  HMGB1; high mobility group protein B1 isoform 1 [KO:K10802]
317772  H2AC21; histone H2A type 2-B [KO:K11251]
333932  H3C15; histone H3.2 [KO:K11253]
340096  H3Y2; histone H3.X [KO:K11253]
366  AQP9; aquaporin-9 isoform 1 [KO:K09877]
3674  ITGA2B; integrin alpha-IIb preproprotein [KO:K06476]
3683  ITGAL; integrin alpha-L isoform a precursor [KO:K05718]
3684  ITGAM; integrin alpha-M isoform 2 precursor [KO:K06461]
3689  ITGB2; integrin beta-2 isoform 1 precursor [KO:K06464]
3690  ITGB3; integrin beta-3 precursor [KO:K06493]
391769  H3Y1; histone H3.Y [KO:K11253]
4353  MPO; myeloperoxidase precursor [KO:K10789] [EC:1.11.2.2]
440093  H3-5; histone H3.3C [KO:K11253]
440686  H3-7; histone H3-7 [KO:K11253]
440689  H2BC18; histone H2B type 2-F isoform a [KO:K11252]
4688  NCF2; neutrophil cytosol factor 2 isoform 1 [KO:K08010]
4689  NCF4; neutrophil cytosol factor 4 isoform 1 [KO:K08012]
474381  H2AB2; histone H2A-Bbd type 2/3 [KO:K11251]
474382  H2AB1; histone H2A-Bbd type 1 [KO:K11251]
4790  NFKB1; nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit isoform 2 proprotein [KO:K02580]
51284  TLR7; toll-like receptor 7 precursor [KO:K05404]
51311  TLR8; toll-like receptor 8 isoform 2 precursor [KO:K10170]
51564  HDAC7; histone deacetylase 7 isoform d [KO:K11408] [EC:3.5.1.98]
5290  PIK3CA; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
5291  PIK3CB; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform isoform 1 [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
5293  PIK3CD; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta isoform isoform 1 [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
5295  PIK3R1; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit alpha isoform 1 [KO:K02649]
5296  PIK3R2; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit beta [KO:K02649]
5330  PLCB2; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-2 isoform 1 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
5331  PLCB3; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-3 isoform 1 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
5332  PLCB4; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-4 isoform b [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
5335  PLCG1; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase gamma-1 isoform b [KO:K01116] [EC:3.1.4.11]
5336  PLCG2; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase gamma-2 [KO:K05859] [EC:3.1.4.11]
54145  H2BC12L; histone H2B type F-S [KO:K11252]
554313  H4C15; histone H4 [KO:K11254]
55506  MACROH2A2; core histone macro-H2A.2 [KO:K11251]
55766  H2AJ; histone H2A.J [KO:K11251]
5578  PRKCA; protein kinase C alpha type [KO:K02677] [EC:2.7.11.13]
5579  PRKCB; protein kinase C beta type isoform 1 [KO:K19662] [EC:2.7.11.13]
5582  PRKCG; protein kinase C gamma type isoform 2 [KO:K19663] [EC:2.7.11.13]
55869  HDAC8; histone deacetylase 8 isoform 1 [KO:K11405] [EC:3.5.1.98]
5594  MAPK1; mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
5595  MAPK3; mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 isoform 1 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
5600  MAPK11; mitogen-activated protein kinase 11 [KO:K04441] [EC:2.7.11.24]
5603  MAPK13; mitogen-activated protein kinase 13 [KO:K04441] [EC:2.7.11.24]
5604  MAP2K1; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 isoform 1 [KO:K04368] [EC:2.7.12.2]
5605  MAP2K2; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 2 isoform 1 [KO:K04369] [EC:2.7.12.2]
566  AZU1; azurocidin preproprotein [KO:K24665]
5879  RAC1; ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 isoform Rac1 [KO:K04392]
5880  RAC2; ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 2 [KO:K07860]
5894  RAF1; RAF proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform b [KO:K04366] [EC:2.7.11.1]
5970  RELA; transcription factor p65 isoform 1 [KO:K04735]
60  ACTB; actin, cytoplasmic 1 [KO:K05692]
6300  MAPK12; mitogen-activated protein kinase 12 isoform 1 [KO:K04441] [EC:2.7.11.24]
6403  SELP; P-selectin precursor [KO:K06496]
6404  SELPLG; P-selectin glycoprotein ligand 1 isoform 2 precursor [KO:K06544]
64581  CLEC7A; C-type lectin domain family 7 member A isoform a [KO:K10074]
653361  NCF1; neutrophil cytosol factor 1 [KO:K08011]
653604  H3C13; histone H3.2 [KO:K11253]
6714  SRC; proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase Src [KO:K05704] [EC:2.7.10.2]
6850  SYK; tyrosine-protein kinase SYK isoform Syk(L) [KO:K05855] [EC:2.7.10.2]
6885  MAP3K7; mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 7 isoform B [KO:K04427] [EC:2.7.11.25]
7097  TLR2; toll-like receptor 2 precursor [KO:K10159]
7099  TLR4; toll-like receptor 4 isoform A precursor [KO:K10160]
71  ACTG1; actin, cytoplasmic 2 [KO:K05692]
718  C3; complement C3 preproprotein [KO:K03990]
723790  H2AC19; histone H2A type 2-A [KO:K11251]
727  C5; complement C5 isoform 1 preproprotein [KO:K03994]
728  C5AR1; C5a anaphylatoxin chemotactic receptor 1 [KO:K04010]
7416  VDAC1; non-selective voltage-gated ion channel VDAC1 isoform 1 [KO:K05862]
7417  VDAC2; non-selective voltage-gated ion channel VDAC2 isoform 2 [KO:K15040]
7419  VDAC3; non-selective voltage-gated ion channel VDAC3 isoform 1 [KO:K15041]
7450  VWF; von Willebrand factor preproprotein [KO:K03900]
79792  GSDMD; gasdermin-D [KO:K20917]
79885  HDAC11; histone deacetylase 11 isoform 1 [KO:K11418] [EC:3.5.1.98]
820  CAMP; cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide preproprotein [KO:K13916]
8290  H3-4; histone H3.1t [KO:K11253]
8294  H4C9; histone H4 [KO:K11254]
8329  H2AC13; histone H2A type 1 [KO:K11251]
8330  H2AC15; histone H2A type 1 [KO:K11251]
8331  H2AC14; histone cluster 1, H2aj [KO:K11251]
8332  H2AC16; histone H2A type 1 [KO:K11251]
8334  H2AC6; histone H2A type 1-C [KO:K11251]
8335  H2AC4; histone H2A type 1-B/E [KO:K11251]
8336  H2AC17; histone H2A type 1 [KO:K11251]
8337  H2AC18; histone H2A type 2-A [KO:K11251]
8338  H2AC20; histone H2A type 2-C [KO:K11251]
8339  H2BC8; histone H2B type 1-C/E/F/G/I [KO:K11252]
834  CASP1; caspase-1 isoform alpha precursor [KO:K01370] [EC:3.4.22.36]
8340  H2BC13; histone H2B type 1-L [KO:K11252]
8341  H2BC15; histone H2B type 1-N [KO:K11252]
8342  H2BC14; histone H2B type 1-M [KO:K11252]
8343  H2BC7; histone H2B type 1-C/E/F/G/I [KO:K11252]
8344  H2BC6; histone H2B type 1-C/E/F/G/I [KO:K11252]
83447  SLC25A31; ADP/ATP translocase 4 isoform 1 [KO:K05863]
8345  H2BC9; histone H2B type 1-H [KO:K11252]
8346  H2BC10; histone H2B type 1-C/E/F/G/I [KO:K11252]
8347  H2BC4; histone H2B type 1-C/E/F/G/I [KO:K11252]
8348  H2BC17; histone H2B type 1-O [KO:K11252]
8349  H2BC21; histone H2B type 2-E [KO:K11252]
8350  H3C1; histone H3.1 [KO:K11253]
8351  H3C4; histone H3.1 [KO:K11253]
8352  H3C3; histone H3.1 [KO:K11253]
8353  H3C6; histone H3.1 [KO:K11253]
8354  H3C11; histone H3.1 [KO:K11253]
8355  H3C8; histone H3.1 [KO:K11253]
8356  H3C12; histone H3.1 [KO:K11253]
8357  H3C10; histone H3.1 [KO:K11253]
8358  H3C2; histone H3.1 [KO:K11253]
8359  H4C1; histone H4 [KO:K11254]
8360  H4C4; histone H4 [KO:K11254]
8361  H4C6; histone H4 [KO:K11254]
8362  H4C12; histone H4 [KO:K11254]
8363  H4C11; histone H4 [KO:K11254]
8364  H4C3; histone H4 [KO:K11254]
8365  H4C8; histone H4 [KO:K11254]
8366  H4C2; histone H4 [KO:K11254]
8367  H4C5; histone H4 [KO:K11254]
8368  H4C13; histone H4 [KO:K11254]
8369  H4C7; histone H4-like protein type G [KO:K11254]
837  CASP4; caspase-4 isoform alpha precursor [KO:K04394] [EC:3.4.22.57 3.4.22.64]
8370  H4C14; histone H4 [KO:K11254]
83740  H2AB3; histone H2A-Bbd type 2/3 [KO:K11251]
83933  HDAC10; polyamine deacetylase HDAC10 isoform 1 [KO:K18671] [EC:3.5.1.98]
8503  PIK3R3; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit gamma isoform 1 [KO:K02649]
8520  HAT1; histone acetyltransferase type B catalytic subunit [KO:K11303] [EC:2.3.1.48]
85235  H2AC12; histone H2A type 1-H [KO:K11251]
85236  H2BC12; histone H2B type 1-K [KO:K11252]
8841  HDAC3; histone deacetylase 3 isoform 2 [KO:K11404] [EC:3.5.1.98]
8968  H3C7; histone H3.1 [KO:K11253]
8969  H2AC11; histone H2A type 1 [KO:K11251]
8970  H2BC11; histone H2B type 1-J [KO:K11252]
92815  H2AC25; histone H2A type 3 [KO:K11251]
94239  H2AZ2; histone H2A.V isoform 1 [KO:K11251]
9555  MACROH2A1; core histone macro-H2A.1 isoform 1 [KO:K11251]
9734  HDAC9; histone deacetylase 9 isoform 1 [KO:K11409] [EC:3.5.1.98]
9759  HDAC4; histone deacetylase 4 isoform 2 [KO:K11406] [EC:3.5.1.98]
Compound
C00027  Hydrogen peroxide
C00039  DNA
C00076  Calcium cation
C00165  Diacylglycerol
C00338  Lipopolysaccharide
C00464  Mannan
C00518  Hyaluronate
C00551  beta-D-Glucan
C00704  Superoxide
C01245  D-myo-Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate
C05151  12-O-Tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate
C05981  Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate
C11221  Formylmethionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine methyl ester
Reference
PMID:29543328
  Authors
Van Avondt K, Hartl D
  Title
Mechanisms and disease relevance of neutrophil extracellular trap formation.
  Journal
Eur J Clin Invest 48 Suppl 2:e12919 (2018)
DOI:10.1111/eci.12919
Reference
PMID:31518165
  Authors
Sorvillo N, Cherpokova D, Martinod K, Wagner DD
  Title
Extracellular DNA NET-Works With Dire Consequences for Health.
  Journal
Circ Res 125:470-488 (2019)
DOI:10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.119.314581
Reference
PMID:28990587
  Authors
Papayannopoulos V
  Title
Neutrophil extracellular traps in immunity and disease.
  Journal
Nat Rev Immunol 18:134-147 (2018)
DOI:10.1038/nri.2017.105
Reference
PMID:24837201
  Authors
Liu FC, Chuang YH, Tsai YF, Yu HP
  Title
Role of neutrophil extracellular traps following injury.
  Journal
Shock 41:491-8 (2014)
DOI:10.1097/SHK.0000000000000146
Reference
PMID:27570525
  Authors
Yang H, Biermann MH, Brauner JM, Liu Y, Zhao Y, Herrmann M
  Title
New Insights into Neutrophil Extracellular Traps: Mechanisms of Formation and Role in Inflammation.
  Journal
Front Immunol 7:302 (2016)
DOI:10.3389/fimmu.2016.00302
Reference
PMID:28983472
  Authors
Zawrotniak M, Bochenska O, Karkowska-Kuleta J, Seweryn-Ozog K, Aoki W, Ueda M, Kozik A, Rapala-Kozik M
  Title
Aspartic Proteases and Major Cell Wall Components in Candida albicans Trigger the Release of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps.
  Journal
Front Cell Infect Microbiol 7:414 (2017)
DOI:10.3389/fcimb.2017.00414
Reference
PMID:29382950
  Authors
Honda M, Kubes P
  Title
Neutrophils and neutrophil extracellular traps in the liver and gastrointestinal system.
  Journal
Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 15:206-221 (2018)
DOI:10.1038/nrgastro.2017.183
Reference
PMID:31416265
  Authors
Hamam HJ, Palaniyar N
  Title
Post-Translational Modifications in NETosis and NETs-Mediated Diseases.
  Journal
Biomolecules 9:369 (2019)
DOI:10.3390/biom9080369
Reference
PMID:31767647
  Authors
Burgener SS, Schroder K
  Title
Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in Host Defense.
  Journal
Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 12:a037028 (2020)
DOI:10.1101/cshperspect.a037028
Reference
PMID:33202203
  Authors
Vorobjeva NV, Chernyak BV
  Title
NETosis: Molecular Mechanisms, Role in Physiology and Pathology.
  Journal
Biochemistry (Mosc) 85:1178-1190 (2020)
DOI:10.1134/S0006297920100065
Reference
PMID:31416173
  Authors
Ravindran M, Khan MA, Palaniyar N
  Title
Neutrophil Extracellular Trap Formation: Physiology, Pathology, and Pharmacology.
  Journal
Biomolecules 9:365 (2019)
DOI:10.3390/biom9080365
Reference
PMID:28267716
  Authors
Jorch SK, Kubes P
  Title
An emerging role for neutrophil extracellular traps in noninfectious disease.
  Journal
Nat Med 23:279-287 (2017)
DOI:10.1038/nm.4294
Reference
PMID:31342866
  Authors
Goggs R, Jeffery U, LeVine DN, Li RHL
  Title
Neutrophil-Extracellular Traps, Cell-Free DNA, and Immunothrombosis in Companion Animals: A Review.
  Journal
Vet Pathol 57:6-23 (2020)
DOI:10.1177/0300985819861721
Reference
PMID:27876233
  Authors
Kim SJ, Jenne CN
  Title
Role of platelets in neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) production and tissue injury.
  Journal
Semin Immunol 28:546-554 (2016)
DOI:10.1016/j.smim.2016.10.013
Reference
PMID:29572545
  Authors
de Bont CM, Boelens WC, Pruijn GJM
  Title
NETosis, complement, and coagulation: a triangular relationship.
  Journal
Cell Mol Immunol 16:19-27 (2019)
DOI:10.1038/s41423-018-0024-0
Reference
PMID:31129510
  Authors
Zawrotniak M, Bartnicka D, Rapala-Kozik M
  Title
UVA and UVB radiation induce the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps by human polymorphonuclear cells.
  Journal
J Photochem Photobiol B 196:111511 (2019)
DOI:10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2019.111511
Reference
PMID:21293492
  Authors
Remijsen Q, Kuijpers TW, Wirawan E, Lippens S, Vandenabeele P, Vanden Berghe T
  Title
Dying for a cause: NETosis, mechanisms behind an antimicrobial cell death modality.
  Journal
Cell Death Differ 18:581-8 (2011)
DOI:10.1038/cdd.2011.1
Reference
PMID:23819131
  Authors
Zawrotniak M, Rapala-Kozik M
  Title
Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) - formation and implications.
  Journal
Acta Biochim Pol 60:277-84 (2013)
Reference
PMID:28373871
  Authors
Rosales C
  Title
Fcgamma Receptor Heterogeneity in Leukocyte Functional Responses.
  Journal
Front Immunol 8:280 (2017)
DOI:10.3389/fimmu.2017.00280
Reference
PMID:25716722
  Authors
Vorobjeva NV, Pinegin BV
  Title
Neutrophil extracellular traps: mechanisms of formation and role in health and disease.
  Journal
Biochemistry (Mosc) 79:1286-96 (2014)
DOI:10.1134/S0006297914120025
Reference
PMID:28220120
  Authors
Delgado-Rizo V, Martinez-Guzman MA, Iniguez-Gutierrez L, Garcia-Orozco A, Alvarado-Navarro A, Fafutis-Morris M
  Title
Neutrophil Extracellular Traps and Its Implications in Inflammation: An Overview.
  Journal
Front Immunol 8:81 (2017)
DOI:10.3389/fimmu.2017.00081
Reference
PMID:30023352
  Authors
Fonseca Z, Diaz-Godinez C, Mora N, Aleman OR, Uribe-Querol E, Carrero JC, Rosales C
  Title
Entamoeba histolytica Induce Signaling via Raf/MEK/ERK for Neutrophil Extracellular Trap (NET) Formation.
  Journal
Front Cell Infect Microbiol 8:226 (2018)
DOI:10.3389/fcimb.2018.00226
Reference
PMID:27923601
  Authors
Agraz-Cibrian JM, Giraldo DM, Mary FM, Urcuqui-Inchima S
  Title
Understanding the molecular mechanisms of NETs and their role in antiviral innate immunity.
  Journal
Virus Res 228:124-133 (2017)
DOI:10.1016/j.virusres.2016.11.033
Reference
PMID:27698656
  Authors
Schonrich G, Raftery MJ
  Title
Neutrophil Extracellular Traps Go Viral.
  Journal
Front Immunol 7:366 (2016)
DOI:10.3389/fimmu.2016.00366
Reference
PMID:22817992
  Authors
Saitoh T, Komano J, Saitoh Y, Misawa T, Takahama M, Kozaki T, Uehata T, Iwasaki H, Omori H, Yamaoka S, Yamamoto N, Akira S
  Title
Neutrophil extracellular traps mediate a host defense response to human immunodeficiency virus-1.
  Journal
Cell Host Microbe 12:109-16 (2012)
DOI:10.1016/j.chom.2012.05.015
Reference
PMID:29908538
  Authors
Kumar S, Gupta E, Kaushik S, Jyoti A
  Title
Neutrophil Extracellular Traps: Formation and Involvement in Disease Progression.
  Journal
Iran J Allergy Asthma Immunol 17:208-220 (2018)
Related
pathway
hsa04010  MAPK signaling pathway
hsa04020  Calcium signaling pathway
hsa04140  Autophagy - animal
hsa04151  PI3K-Akt signaling pathway
hsa04610  Complement and coagulation cascades
hsa04611  Platelet activation
hsa04620  Toll-like receptor signaling pathway
hsa04621  NOD-like receptor signaling pathway
hsa04666  Fc gamma R-mediated phagosome formation
KO pathway
ko04613   

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