Entry
Name
Alzheimer disease - Macaca fascicularis (crab-eating macaque)
Description
Alzheimer disease (AD) is a chronic disorder that slowly destroys neurons and causes serious cognitive disability. AD is associated with senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs). Amyloid-beta (Abeta), a major component of senile plaques, has various pathological effects on cell and organelle function. To date genetic studies have revealed four genes that may be linked to autosomal dominant or familial early onset AD (FAD). These four genes include: amyloid precursor protein (APP), presenilin 1 (PS1), presenilin 2 (PS2) and apolipoprotein E (ApoE). All mutations associated with APP and PS proteins can lead to an increase in the production of Abeta peptides, specfically the more amyloidogenic form, Abeta42. It was proposed that Abeta form Ca2+ permeable pores and bind to and modulate multiple synaptic proteins, including NMDAR, mGluR5 and VGCC, leading to the overfilling of neurons with calcium ions. Consequently, cellular Ca2+ disruptions will lead to neuronal apoptosis, autophagy deficits, mitochondrial abnormality, defective neurotransmission, impaired synaptic plasticity and neurodegeneration in AD. FAD-linked PS1 mutation downregulates the unfolded protein response and leads to vulnerability to ER stress.
Class
Human Diseases; Neurodegenerative disease
BRITE hierarchy
Pathway map
Disease
Organism
Macaca fascicularis (crab-eating macaque) [GN:
mcf ]
Gene
101865051 PSMC5; 26S proteasome regulatory subunit 8 isoform X2 [KO:K03066 ]
101865119 SDHB; succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur subunit, mitochondrial [KO:K00235 ] [EC:1.3.5.1 ]
101865175 CACNA1C; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1C isoform X4 [KO:K04850 ]
101865238 NDUFS1; NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase 75 kDa subunit, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K03934 ] [EC:7.1.1.2 ]
101865240 NDUFB2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 2, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K03958 ]
101865389 ITPR1; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate-gated calcium channel ITPR1 isoform X2 [KO:K04958 ]
101865397 SLC11A2; natural resistance-associated macrophage protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K21398 ]
101865627 VDAC2; non-selective voltage-gated ion channel VDAC2 isoform X1 [KO:K15040 ]
101865843 NDUFA5; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 5 isoform X1 [KO:K03949 ]
101865852 NDUFS6; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 6, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K03939 ]
101865895 WIPI2; WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K17908 ]
101866070 PPP3CB; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2B catalytic subunit beta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K04348 ] [EC:3.1.3.16 ]
101866246 PIK3R1; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit alpha isoform X2 [KO:K02649 ]
101866278 RB1CC1; RB1-inducible coiled-coil protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K17589 ]
101866670 NDUFAB1; acyl carrier protein, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K03955 ]
101866673 PSMD6; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 6 isoform X1 [KO:K03037 ]
101866792 NDUFS8; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 8, mitochondrial isoform X11 [KO:K03941 ] [EC:7.1.1.2 ]
101866824 NDUFB5; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 5, mitochondrial isoform X2 [KO:K03961 ]
101867140 NDUFS5; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 5 [KO:K03938 ]
101925039 PSMC1; 26S proteasome regulatory subunit 4 isoform X1 [KO:K03062 ]
101925194 NDUFA2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 2 [KO:K03946 ]
101925220 PLCB4; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-4 isoform X2 [KO:K05858 ] [EC:3.1.4.11 ]
101925386 EIF2S1; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit 1 [KO:K03237 ]
101925535 PSMD12; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 12 [KO:K03035 ]
101925689 NDUFB6; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 6 [KO:K03962 ]
101925833 NDUFS2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 2, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K03935 ] [EC:7.1.1.2 ]
101925928 NDUFA11; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 11 [KO:K03956 ]
101925989 AMBRA1; activating molecule in BECN1-regulated autophagy protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K17985 ]
101926508 NDUFA13; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 13 [KO:K11353 ]
101926738 PPP3CC; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2B catalytic subunit gamma isoform isoform X1 [KO:K04348 ] [EC:3.1.3.16 ]
102114911 NDUFB1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 1 [KO:K03957 ]
102115033 GRIN1; glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1 isoform X2 [KO:K05208 ]
102115672 ATP5PB; ATP synthase peripheral stalk subunit b, mitochondrial isoform X3 [KO:K02127 ]
102115744 ITPR2; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate-gated calcium channel ITPR2 isoform X1 [KO:K04959 ]
102115854 NDUFB7; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 7 [KO:K03963 ]
102116003 ITPR3; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate-gated calcium channel ITPR3 isoform X1 [KO:K04960 ]
102116193 ERN1; serine/threonine-protein kinase/endoribonuclease IRE1 isoform X3 [KO:K08852 ] [EC:2.7.11.1 3.1.26.-]
102116497 COX6A2; cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6A2, mitochondrial [KO:K02266 ]
102116568 VDAC3; non-selective voltage-gated ion channel VDAC3 isoform X1 [KO:K15041 ]
102116573 NDUFB9; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 9 [KO:K03965 ]
102116683 NDUFA8; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 8 isoform X1 [KO:K03952 ]
102116936 ATG14; beclin 1-associated autophagy-related key regulator [KO:K17889 ]
102117222 NDUFV3; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein 3, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K03944 ]
102117433 UQCRC1; cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 1, mitochondrial [KO:K00414 ]
102117567 ATP5PF; ATP synthase peripheral stalk subunit F6, mitochondrial isoform X2 [KO:K02131 ]
102117938 ATF4; cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-4 [KO:K04374 ]
102118159 WIPI1; WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 1 [KO:K17908 ]
102118472 NDUFA10; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 10, mitochondrial isoform X3 [KO:K03954 ]
102118608 COX7A2L; cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7A2-like, mitochondrial isoform X2 [KO:K02270 ]
102118754 CHRNA7; neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-7 isoform X1 [KO:K04809 ]
102119049 NDUFS7; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 7, mitochondrial isoform X4 [KO:K03940 ] [EC:7.1.1.2 ]
102119570 ATP5F1E; ATP synthase F(1) complex subunit epsilon, mitochondrial [KO:K02135 ]
102119582 LRP1; prolow-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 [KO:K04550 ]
102119841 CACNA1F; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1F isoform X1 [KO:K04853 ]
102121124 AGER; advanced glycosylation end product-specific receptor [KO:K19722 ]
102121361 ATP5MC3; ATP synthase F(0) complex subunit C3, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K02128 ]
102122063 COX8C; cytochrome c oxidase subunit 8C, mitochondrial isoform X3 [KO:K02273 ]
102122343 CALML4; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: calmodulin-like protein 4 [KO:K02183 ]
102122399 NDUFA3; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 3 isoform X5 [KO:K03947 ]
102122711 PSMD3; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 3 [KO:K03033 ]
102122725 PIK3CA; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform isoform X1 [KO:K00922 ] [EC:2.7.1.153 ]
102122883 NDUFA4L2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 4-like 2 [KO:K03948 ]
102122953 PSMC6; 26S proteasome regulatory subunit 10B isoform X2 [KO:K03064 ]
102123100 NDUFB8; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 8, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K03964 ]
102123126 GRIN2A; glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A isoform X1 [KO:K05209 ]
102123270 COX7B2; cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7B2, mitochondrial [KO:K02271 ]
102123489 APC2; adenomatous polyposis coli protein 2 isoform X3 [KO:K02085 ]
102123745 ATP5F1A; ATP synthase F(1) complex subunit alpha, mitochondrial [KO:K02132 ]
102123783 PSMD7; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 7 isoform X1 [KO:K03038 ]
102124180 COX7B; cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7B, mitochondrial [KO:K02271 ]
102124686 NDUFV2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein 2, mitochondrial isoform X15 [KO:K03943 ] [EC:7.1.1.2 ]
102124804 PIK3R2; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit beta [KO:K02649 ]
102124843 PSMD1; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 1 [KO:K03032 ]
102125333 NDUFA9; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 9, mitochondrial isoform X2 [KO:K03953 ]
102126003 SDHA; succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein subunit, mitochondrial isoform X2 [KO:K00234 ] [EC:1.3.5.1 ]
102126180 ATG2B; autophagy-related protein 2 homolog B isoform X1 [KO:K17906 ]
102126517 COX7A2; cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7A2, mitochondrial [KO:K02270 ]
102127470 ATP5PO; ATP synthase peripheral stalk subunit OSCP, mitochondrial [KO:K02137 ]
102128230 PSMD11; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 11 isoform X1 [KO:K03036 ]
102129176 PSMD8; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 8 [KO:K03031 ]
102129733 COX7C; cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7C, mitochondrial [KO:K02272 ]
102129785 NDUFB4; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 4 [KO:K03960 ]
102130032 DVL3; segment polarity protein dishevelled homolog DVL-3 isoform X1 [KO:K02353 ]
102130095 PSMD14; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 14 isoform X1 [KO:K03030 ]
102130397 GNAQ; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(q) subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04634 ]
102131140 ATG2A; autophagy-related protein 2 homolog A isoform X2 [KO:K17906 ]
102131553 CACNA1S; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1S isoform X1 [KO:K04857 ]
102131632 DDIT3; DNA damage-inducible transcript 3 protein isoform X2 [KO:K04452 ]
102132064 SDHD; succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] cytochrome b small subunit, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K00237 ]
102132250 COX7A1; cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7A1, mitochondrial [KO:K02270 ]
102132790 COX5B; cytochrome c oxidase subunit 5B, mitochondrial [KO:K02265 ]
102133224 ATP5F1C; ATP synthase F(1) complex subunit gamma, mitochondrial isoform X2 [KO:K02136 ]
102133278 PSMD9; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 9 isoform X1 [KO:K06693 ]
102133526 NDUFB10; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 10 [KO:K03966 ]
102134019 NDUFA7; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 7 [KO:K03951 ]
102134079 APBB1; amyloid beta precursor protein binding family B member 1 isoform X4 [KO:K04529 ]
102134282 MCU; calcium uniporter protein, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K20858 ]
102135041 UQCRC2; cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 2, mitochondrial [KO:K00415 ]
102135285 TNFRSF1A; tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 1A [KO:K03158 ]
102135711 NDUFS3; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 3, mitochondrial [KO:K03936 ] [EC:7.1.1.2 ]
102135755 GRIN2C; glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2C isoform X1 [KO:K05211 ]
102135848 COX5A; cytochrome c oxidase subunit 5A, mitochondrial [KO:K02264 ]
102135853 ATF6; cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-6 alpha isoform X1 [KO:K09054 ]
102135950 NDUFB3; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 3 [KO:K03959 ]
102136267 UQCRH; cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 6, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K00416 ]
102136896 PLCB2; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-2 isoform X1 [KO:K05858 ] [EC:3.1.4.11 ]
102137128 NDUFS4; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 4, mitochondrial isoform X3 [KO:K03937 ]
102137291 PIK3R3; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit gamma isoform X1 [KO:K02649 ]
102137473 APAF1; apoptotic protease-activating factor 1 isoform X1 [KO:K02084 ]
102137573 PSMD2; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 2 isoform X1 [KO:K03028 ]
102137623 NDUFB11; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 11, mitochondrial [KO:K11351 ]
102137931 ATP5MC1; ATP synthase F(0) complex subunit C1, mitochondrial [KO:K02128 ]
102138179 PSMD4; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 4 isoform X1 [KO:K03029 ]
102138213 CACNA1D; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1D isoform X10 [KO:K04851 ]
102138273 NFKB1; nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit isoform X3 [KO:K02580 ]
102138616 NDUFA12; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 12 [KO:K11352 ]
102138928 DVL1; segment polarity protein dishevelled homolog DVL-1 isoform X2 [KO:K02353 ]
102139017 NDUFC1; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 subunit C1, mitochondrial [KO:K03967 ]
102139510 COX8A; cytochrome c oxidase subunit 8A, mitochondrial [KO:K02273 ]
102139855 COX4I2; cytochrome c oxidase subunit 4 isoform 2, mitochondrial isoform X2 [KO:K02263 ]
102140615 PLCB1; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-1 isoform X1 [KO:K05858 ] [EC:3.1.4.11 ]
102141324 PSMD13; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 13 isoform X1 [KO:K03039 ]
102141433 COX6A1; cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6A1, mitochondrial [KO:K02266 ]
102141631 CSF1; macrophage colony-stimulating factor 1 isoform X1 [KO:K05453 ]
102142021 ATP5PD; ATP synthase peripheral stalk subunit d, mitochondrial isoform X2 [KO:K02138 ]
102142026 PIK3CB; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform [KO:K00922 ] [EC:2.7.1.153 ]
102142308 NDUFA6; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 6 [KO:K03950 ]
102142969 GRIN2D; glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2D isoform X2 [KO:K05212 ]
102143103 ADRM1; proteasomal ubiquitin receptor ADRM1 isoform X8 [KO:K06691 ]
102143464 PIK3CD; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K00922 ] [EC:2.7.1.153 ]
102143975 DVL2; segment polarity protein dishevelled homolog DVL-2 isoform X1 [KO:K02353 ]
102144265 LRP6; low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 6 isoform X1 [KO:K03068 ]
102144280 COX4I1; cytochrome c oxidase subunit 4 isoform 1, mitochondrial isoform X2 [KO:K02263 ]
102144739 ATP5F1D; ATP synthase F(1) complex subunit delta, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K02134 ]
102144790 NDUFA1; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 1 [KO:K03945 ]
102145061 LRP5; low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5 isoform X6 [KO:K03068 ]
102145737 CYC1; cytochrome c1, heme protein, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K00413 ]
102145957 SDHC; succinate dehydrogenase cytochrome b560 subunit, mitochondrial isoform X16 [KO:K00236 ]
102146039 NAE1; NEDD8-activating enzyme E1 regulatory subunit isoform X2 [KO:K04532 ]
135964343 FAS; tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 6 isoform X1 [KO:K04390 ]
141406880 ATP5MC2; ATP synthase F(0) complex subunit C2, mitochondrial [KO:K02128 ]
Compound
C01245 D-myo-Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate
C04549 1-Phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3-phosphate
C05981 Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate
C16514 Amyloid beta protein 40
C16515 Amyloid beta protein 42
C21011 [Protein]-N(epsilon)-(carboxymethyl)lysine
C21012 [Protein]-N(epsilon)-(carboxyethyl)lysine
Reference
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Title
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PS2 mutation increases neuronal cell vulnerability to neurotoxicants through activation of caspase-3 by enhancing of ryanodine receptor-mediated calcium release.
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Title
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Journal
Related pathway
mcf04141 Protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum
mcf04933 AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications
KO pathway