Entry
Name
Calcium signaling pathway - Cololabis saira (Pacific saury)
Description
Ca2+ that enters the cell from the outside is a principal source of signal Ca2+. Entry of Ca2+ is driven by the presence of a large electrochemical gradient across the plasma membrane. Cells use this external source of signal Ca2+ by activating various entry channels with widely different properties. The voltage-operated channels (VOCs) are found in excitable cells and generate the rapid Ca2+ fluxes that control fast cellular processes. There are many other Ca2+-entry channels, such as the receptor-operated channels (ROCs), for example the NMDA (N-methyl-D-aspartate) receptors (NMDARs) that respond to glutamate. There also are second-messenger-operated channels (SMOCs) and store-operated channels (SOCs).
The other principal source of Ca2+ for signalling is the internal stores that are located primarily in the endoplasmic/sarcoplasmic reticulum (ER/SR), in which inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors (IP3Rs) or ryanodine receptors (RYRs) regulate the release of Ca2+. The principal activator of these channels is Ca2+ itself and this process of Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release is central to the mechanism of Ca2+ signalling. Various second messengers or modulators also control the release of Ca2+. IP3, which is generated by pathways using different isoforms of phospholipase C (PLCbeta, delta, epsilon, gamma and zeta), regulates the IP3Rs. Cyclic ADP-ribose (cADPR) releases Ca2+ via RYRs. Nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAADP) may activate a distinct Ca2+ release mechanism on separate acidic Ca2+ stores. Ca2+ release via the NAADP-sensitive mechanism may also feedback onto either RYRs or IP3Rs. cADPR and NAADP are generated by CD38. This enzyme might be sensitive to the cellular metabolism, as ATP and NADH inhibit it.
The influx of Ca2+ from the environment or release from internal stores causes a very rapid and dramatic increase in cytoplasmic calcium concentration, which has been widely exploited for signal transduction. Some proteins, such as troponin C (TnC) involved in muscle contraction, directly bind to and sense Ca2+. However, in other cases Ca2+ is sensed through intermediate calcium sensors such as calmodulin (CALM).
Class
Environmental Information Processing; Signal transduction
BRITE hierarchy
Pathway map
Ortholog table
Other DBs
Organism
Cololabis saira (Pacific saury) [GN:
csai ]
Gene
133420955 slc8a4b; solute carrier family 8 member 4b isoform X1 [KO:K05849 ]
133419719 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3-like [KO:K04129 ]
133423342 htr5ab; 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) receptor 5A, genome duplicate b [KO:K04161 ]
133448328 guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(s) subunit alpha-like isoform X1 [KO:K04632 ]
133457365 gnas; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(s) subunit alpha [KO:K04632 ]
133452462 gnal; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(olf) subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04633 ]
133423541 guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(olf) subunit alpha-like [KO:K04633 ]
133422677 prkacaa; protein kinase, cAMP-dependent, catalytic, alpha, genome duplicate a isoform X1 [KO:K04345 ] [EC:2.7.11.11 ]
133419019 atp2a1l; ATPase sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ transporting 1, like isoform X1 [KO:K05853 ] [EC:7.2.2.10 ]
133418916 sarcoplasmic reticulum histidine-rich calcium-binding protein isoform X1 [KO:K23450 ]
133451598 calcium release-activated calcium channel protein 1-like [KO:K16056 ]
133454661 orai1b; calcium release-activated calcium channel protein 1 [KO:K16056 ]
133424498 cacna1c; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1C [KO:K04850 ]
133448540 cacna1da; calcium channel, voltage-dependent, L type, alpha 1D subunit, a isoform X1 [KO:K04851 ]
133457377 cacna1db; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1D isoform X1 [KO:K04851 ]
133456705 cacna1fa; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1D [KO:K04853 ]
133456958 cacna1fb; calcium channel, voltage-dependent, L type, alpha 1F subunit isoform X1 [KO:K04853 ]
133449049 dihydropyridine-sensitive L-type skeletal muscle calcium channel subunit alpha-1-like isoform X1 [KO:K04857 ]
133457197 dihydropyridine-sensitive L-type skeletal muscle calcium channel subunit alpha-1-like [KO:K04857 ]
133421663 cacna1aa; voltage-dependent P/Q-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1A isoform X1 [KO:K04344 ]
133442970 cacna1ab; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: calcium channel, voltage-dependent, P/Q type, alpha 1A subunit, b [KO:K04344 ]
133455435 cacna1bb; voltage-dependent N-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1B [KO:K04849 ]
133450780 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: voltage-dependent N-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1B-like [KO:K04849 ]
133458404 voltage-dependent R-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1E [KO:K04852 ]
133452776 voltage-dependent R-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1E-like [KO:K04852 ]
133419661 cacna1g; voltage-dependent T-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1G isoform X1 [KO:K04854 ]
133422269 cacna1ha; voltage-dependent T-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1H [KO:K04855 ]
133422543 cacna1ia; voltage-dependent T-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1I [KO:K04856 ]
133442765 voltage-dependent T-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1I-like [KO:K04856 ]
133459519 chrna7a; neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-7a [KO:K04809 ]
133447051 chrna8; neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-7 [KO:K04809 ]
133455421 grin1a; glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1a isoform X1 [KO:K05208 ]
133451190 glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1-like isoform X1 [KO:K05208 ]
133422461 grin2aa; glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A isoform X1 [KO:K05209 ]
133460457 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2B-like [KO:K05210 ]
133421918 grin2ca; glutamate receptor, ionotropic, N-methyl D-aspartate 2Ca [KO:K05211 ]
133458742 grin3bb; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3B [KO:K05214 ]
133420617 htr2cl1; 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) receptor 2C, G protein-coupled-like 1 [KO:K04157 ]
133457522 ntsr1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: neurotensin receptor type 1 [KO:K04211 ]
133454954 guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(q) subunit alpha-like [KO:K04634 ]
133450546 guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(q) subunit alpha [KO:K04634 ]
133458368 guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(q) subunit alpha-like [KO:K04635 ]
133462577 gna11b; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit alpha-11b [KO:K04635 ]
133450545 gna14a; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit alpha-14 [KO:K04636 ]
133458369 guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit alpha-11-like [KO:K04637 ]
133421623 pdgfab; platelet-derived growth factor alpha polypeptide b [KO:K04359 ]
133442483 pdgfba; platelet-derived growth factor beta polypeptide a isoform X1 [KO:K17386 ]
133446896 fgf1a; putative fibroblast growth factor 1 isoform X1 [KO:K18496 ]
133418532 vegfab; vascular endothelial growth factor Ab isoform X1 [KO:K05448 ]
133447107 vegfba; vascular endothelial growth factor A isoform X1 [KO:K05448 ]
133454651 gdnfa; glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor isoform X1 [KO:K05452 ]
133425169 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase delta-4-like isoform X1 [KO:K05857 ] [EC:3.1.4.11 ]
133453141 plcd1b; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase delta-1b isoform X1 [KO:K05857 ] [EC:3.1.4.11 ]
133423614 plcd1a; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase delta-1a isoform X1 [KO:K05857 ] [EC:3.1.4.11 ]
133418720 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-4-like [KO:K05858 ] [EC:3.1.4.11 ]
133458677 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase gamma-1-like isoform X1 [KO:K01116 ] [EC:3.1.4.11 ]
133443937 plcg2; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase gamma-2 isoform X1 [KO:K05859 ] [EC:3.1.4.11 ]
133419472 plce1; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase epsilon-1 isoform X1 [KO:K05860 ] [EC:3.1.4.11 ]
133448733 itpr1a; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04958 ]
133448914 inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1-like isoform X1 [KO:K04958 ]
133460033 vdac1; voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 1 [KO:K05862 ]
133464017 vdac2; voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 2 [KO:K15040 ]
133419146 voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 2-like [KO:K15040 ]
133455117 zgc:56235; voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 2-like [KO:K15041 ]
133450691 vdac3; voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K15041 ]
133464643 phkb; phosphorylase b kinase regulatory subunit beta isoform X1 [KO:K07190 ]
133460050 phka2; phosphorylase b kinase regulatory subunit alpha, liver isoform isoform X1 [KO:K07190 ]
133420765 phka1a; phosphorylase b kinase regulatory subunit alpha, skeletal muscle isoform isoform X1 [KO:K07190 ]
133451492 camk2b1; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (CaM kinase) II beta 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04515 ] [EC:2.7.11.17 ]
133460009 camk2a; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04515 ] [EC:2.7.11.17 ]
133422178 camk2d2; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II delta 2 chain isoform X1 [KO:K04515 ] [EC:2.7.11.17 ]
133463234 camk2g2; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit gamma isoform X1 [KO:K04515 ] [EC:2.7.11.17 ]
133459656 ppp3ca; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2B catalytic subunit alpha isoform isoform X1 [KO:K04348 ] [EC:3.1.3.16 ]
133447243 ppp3cb; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2B catalytic subunit beta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K04348 ] [EC:3.1.3.16 ]
133425592 nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 1-like [KO:K04446 ]
133460618 nfatc1; nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 1 [KO:K04446 ]
133456237 nfatc2a; nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 2 isoform X1 [KO:K17332 ]
133444438 nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 3-like [KO:K17333 ]
133463456 nfatc3a; nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 3 isoform X1 [KO:K17333 ]
133452538 nfatc4; nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 4 [KO:K17334 ]
133451748 dual specificity calcium/calmodulin-dependent 3',5'-cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase 1A-like [KO:K13755 ] [EC:3.1.4.17 ]
133446357 pde1a; dual specificity calcium/calmodulin-dependent 3',5'-cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase 1A isoform X1 [KO:K13755 ] [EC:3.1.4.17 ]
133452849 pde1cb; dual specificity calcium/calmodulin-dependent 3',5'-cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase 1C isoform X1 [KO:K13755 ] [EC:3.1.4.17 ]
133448300 dual specificity calcium/calmodulin-dependent 3',5'-cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase 1B-like [KO:K13755 ] [EC:3.1.4.17 ]
Compound
C01245 D-myo-Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate
C06124 Sphingosine 1-phosphate
C11556 1-Phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3,5-bisphosphate
C13051 Nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate
Reference
Authors
Berridge MJ, Bootman MD, Roderick HL.
Title
Calcium signalling: dynamics, homeostasis and remodelling.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Berridge MJ, Lipp P, Bootman MD.
Title
The versatility and universality of calcium signalling.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Wang MC, Dolphin A, Kitmitto A.
Title
L-type voltage-gated calcium channels: understanding function through structure.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Ferrier GR, Howlett SE.
Title
Cardiac excitation-contraction coupling: role of membrane potential in regulation of contraction.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Keef KD, Hume JR, Zhong J.
Title
Regulation of cardiac and smooth muscle Ca(2+) channels (Ca(V)1.2a,b) by protein kinases.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Hell JW, Appleyard SM, Yokoyama CT, Warner C, Catterall WA.
Title
Differential phosphorylation of two size forms of the N-type calcium channel alpha 1 subunit which have different COOH termini.
Journal
J Biol Chem 269:7390-6 (1994)
Reference
Authors
Yunker AM.
Title
Modulation and pharmacology of low voltage-activated ("T-Type") calcium channels.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Yakel JL.
Title
Calcineurin regulation of synaptic function: from ion channels to transmitter release and gene transcription.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Fukunaga K, Miyamoto E.
Title
A working model of CaM kinase II activity in hippocampal long-term potentiation and memory.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Della Rocca GJ, van Biesen T, Daaka Y, Luttrell DK, Luttrell LM, Lefkowitz RJ.
Title
Ras-dependent mitogen-activated protein kinase activation by G protein-coupled receptors. Convergence of Gi- and Gq-mediated pathways on calcium/calmodulin, Pyk2, and Src kinase.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Furuichi T, Mikoshiba K.
Title
Inositol 1, 4, 5-trisphosphate receptor-mediated Ca2+ signaling in the brain.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Bruce JI, Straub SV, Yule DI.
Title
Crosstalk between cAMP and Ca2+ signaling in non-excitable cells.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Lee HC, Munshi C, Graeff R.
Title
Structures and activities of cyclic ADP-ribose, NAADP and their metabolic enzymes.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Crompton M.
Title
Mitochondrial intermembrane junctional complexes and their role in cell death.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Grewal SS, York RD, Stork PJ.
Title
Extracellular-signal-regulated kinase signalling in neurons.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Trushin SA, Pennington KN, Carmona EM, Asin S, Savoy DN, Billadeau DD, Paya CV.
Title
Protein kinase Calpha (PKCalpha) acts upstream of PKCtheta to activate IkappaB kinase and NF-kappaB in T lymphocytes.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Hutchins JR, Dikovskaya D, Clarke PR.
Title
Regulation of Cdc2/cyclin B activation in Xenopus egg extracts via inhibitory phosphorylation of Cdc25C phosphatase by Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein [corrected] kinase II.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Tornquist K
Title
Sphingosine 1-phosphate, sphingosine kinase and autocrine calcium signalling in thyroid cells.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Feske S
Title
Immunodeficiency due to defects in store-operated calcium entry.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Giachini FR, Lima VV, Hannan JL, Carneiro FS, Webb RC, Tostes RC
Title
STIM1/Orai1-mediated store-operated Ca2+ entry: the tip of the iceberg.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Baba Y, Kurosaki T
Title
[Regulation of store-operated calcium entry by STIM1].
Journal
Seikagaku 80:1123-8 (2008)
Reference
Authors
Galione A, Evans AM, Ma J, Parrington J, Arredouani A, Cheng X, Zhu MX
Title
The acid test: the discovery of two-pore channels (TPCs) as NAADP-gated endolysosomal Ca(2+) release channels.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Beard NA, Wei L, Dulhunty AF
Title
Ca(2+) signaling in striated muscle: the elusive roles of triadin, junctin, and calsequestrin.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Marty I
Title
Triadin regulation of the ryanodine receptor complex.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Arvanitis DA, Vafiadaki E, Sanoudou D, Kranias EG
Title
Histidine-rich calcium binding protein: the new regulator of sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium cycling.
Journal
Related pathway
csai04070 Phosphatidylinositol signaling system
KO pathway
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