KEGG   PATHWAY: panu05171
Entry
panu05171                   Pathway                                
Name
Coronavirus disease - COVID-19 - Papio anubis (olive baboon)
Description
Coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) is a highly contagious respiratory infection that is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). SARS-CoV-2 infects alveolar epithelial cells [mainly alveolar epithelial type 2 (AEC2) cells] through the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor. Upon the occupancy of ACE2 by SARS-CoV-2, the increased serum level of free Angiotensin II (Ang II) due to a reduction of ACE2-mediated degradation promotes activation of the NF-kappa B pathway via Ang II type 1 receptor (AT1R), followed by  interleukin-6 (IL-6) production. SARS-CoV-2 also activates the innate immune system; macrophage stimulation triggers the overproduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including IL-6, and the "cytokine storm", which results in systemic inflammatory response syndrome and multiple organ failure. The combined effects of complement activation, dysregulated neutrophilia, endothelial injury, and hypercoagulability appear to be intertwined to drive the severe features of COVID-19.
Class
Human Diseases; Infectious disease: viral
Pathway map
panu05171  Coronavirus disease - COVID-19
panu05171

Organism
Papio anubis (olive baboon) [GN:panu]
Gene
101020163  TMPRSS2; transmembrane protease serine 2 [KO:K09633] [EC:3.4.21.122]
101008749  ACE2; angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 [KO:K09708] [EC:3.4.17.23]
101006565  NRP1; neuropilin-1 isoform X5 [KO:K06724]
101020307  angiotensin-converting enzyme isoform X1 [KO:K01283] [EC:3.4.15.1]
101005586  proto-oncogene Mas [KO:K04303]
101003219  AGTR1; type-1 angiotensin II receptor [KO:K04166]
101006760  cytochrome b-245 heavy chain [KO:K21421] [EC:1.-.-.-]
101026781  NFKB1; nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit isoform X6 [KO:K02580]
101017078  RELA; transcription factor p65 isoform X1 [KO:K04735]
100381195  IL6; interleukin-6 precursor [KO:K05405]
101023446  IL1B; interleukin-1 beta [KO:K04519]
100126719  IL12A; interleukin-12 subunit alpha precursor [KO:K05406]
100126717  IL12B; interleukin-12 subunit beta precursor [KO:K05425]
101000789  MMP3; stromelysin-1 [KO:K01394] [EC:3.4.24.17]
101000222  MMP1; interstitial collagenase [KO:K01388] [EC:3.4.24.7]
100381197  CCL2; C-C motif chemokine 2 precursor [KO:K14624]
100381196  CXCL8; interleukin-8 precursor [KO:K10030]
100126726  ADAM17; disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17 isoform X1 [KO:K06059] [EC:3.4.24.86]
101013835  TNFRSF1A; tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 1A [KO:K03158]
101023751  NFKBIA; NF-kappa-B inhibitor alpha [KO:K04734]
100998839  NFKBIB; NF-kappa-B inhibitor beta isoform X2 [KO:K02581]
101005723  HBEGF; proheparin-binding EGF-like growth factor [KO:K08523]
101003588  EGFR; epidermal growth factor receptor isoform X1 [KO:K04361] [EC:2.7.10.1]
101024850  IL6R; interleukin-6 receptor subunit alpha [KO:K05055]
100998383  IL6ST; interleukin-6 receptor subunit beta isoform X1 [KO:K05060]
101002872  JAK1; tyrosine-protein kinase JAK1 isoform X1 [KO:K11217] [EC:2.7.10.2]
101020681  TYK2; non-receptor tyrosine-protein kinase TYK2 isoform X1 [KO:K11219] [EC:2.7.10.2]
100998929  STAT3; signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 isoform X9 [KO:K04692]
100126754  IL2; interleukin-2 precursor [KO:K05429]
101015443  CSF3; granulocyte colony-stimulating factor isoform X1 [KO:K05423]
100126743  CSF2; granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor precursor [KO:K05427]
101009748  CXCL10; C-X-C motif chemokine 10 [KO:K12671]
101018389  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: 40S ribosomal protein S2 [KO:K02981]
101020912  40S ribosomal protein S2 [KO:K02981]
100998614  RPS2; 40S ribosomal protein S2 [KO:K02981]
101001709  RPS3; 40S ribosomal protein S3 [KO:K02985]
101003493  40S ribosomal protein S3a [KO:K02984]
116269200  40S ribosomal protein S3a [KO:K02984]
101020949  40S ribosomal protein S3a [KO:K02984]
101018461  RPS4X; 40S ribosomal protein S4, X isoform [KO:K02987]
101026069  40S ribosomal protein S4, X isoform-like [KO:K02987]
116271871  40S ribosomal protein S4, X isoform [KO:K02987]
116272370  RPS4Y1; 40S ribosomal protein S4, Y [KO:K02987]
116272386  40S ribosomal protein S4, Y isoform X1 [KO:K02987]
101019751  40S ribosomal protein S4, Y-like [KO:K02987]
116273038  40S ribosomal protein S4, X isoform [KO:K02987]
116275938  40S ribosomal protein S4, X isoform-like [KO:K02987]
100137252  RPS4X; 40S ribosomal protein S4, X isoform [KO:K02987]
101013933  RPS5; 40S ribosomal protein S5 [KO:K02989]
116272877  40S ribosomal protein S6 [KO:K02991]
101000688  40S ribosomal protein S6 [KO:K02991]
101006468  RPS7; 40S ribosomal protein S7 [KO:K02993]
101003703  40S ribosomal protein S7 [KO:K02993]
101021788  RPS8; 40S ribosomal protein S8 [KO:K02995]
100137341  RPS9; 40S ribosomal protein S9 [KO:K02997]
101022490  40S ribosomal protein S10 [KO:K02947]
101009737  RPS10; 40S ribosomal protein S10 [KO:K02947]
101019076  40S ribosomal protein S10-like [KO:K02947]
101009390  40S ribosomal protein S11-like [KO:K02949]
108585586  40S ribosomal protein S11-like [KO:K02949]
101008260  RPS11; 40S ribosomal protein S11 [KO:K02949]
101023029  40S ribosomal protein S12 [KO:K02951]
101005268  40S ribosomal protein S12 [KO:K02951]
101023139  RPS12; 40S ribosomal protein S12 [KO:K02951]
101006336  40S ribosomal protein S12-like [KO:K02951]
101003986  40S ribosomal protein S13-like [KO:K02953]
101011665  40S ribosomal protein S13 [KO:K02953]
101011957  RPS13; 40S ribosomal protein S13 [KO:K02953]
116273564  40S ribosomal protein S13-like [KO:K02953]
101013804  RPS14; 40S ribosomal protein S14 [KO:K02955]
103887841  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: 40S ribosomal protein S15-like [KO:K02958]
103876796  40S ribosomal protein S15a [KO:K02957]
116272849  40S ribosomal protein S16 [KO:K02960]
110742606  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: 40S ribosomal protein S16 [KO:K02960]
101006956  RPS16; 40S ribosomal protein S16 [KO:K02960]
101000558  40S ribosomal protein S17 [KO:K02962]
101021100  40S ribosomal protein S17-like [KO:K02962]
101007228  40S ribosomal protein S17 [KO:K02962]
101023360  RPS18; 40S ribosomal protein S18 [KO:K02964]
101006776  40S ribosomal protein S18-like [KO:K02964]
101012249  RPS19; 40S ribosomal protein S19 [KO:K02966]
101026456  RPS20; 40S ribosomal protein S20 [KO:K02969]
101021604  40S ribosomal protein S20 [KO:K02969]
101024003  RPS21; 40S ribosomal protein S21 isoform X1 [KO:K02971]
101006531  RPS23; 40S ribosomal protein S23 [KO:K02973]
101016814  40S ribosomal protein S24 [KO:K02974]
101000059  RPS24; 40S ribosomal protein S24 isoform X9 [KO:K02974]
101014702  40S ribosomal protein S25 [KO:K02975]
100998572  RPS25; 40S ribosomal protein S25 [KO:K02975]
101022429  40S ribosomal protein S25 [KO:K02975]
100998080  RPS26; 40S ribosomal protein S26 [KO:K02976]
103879435  40S ribosomal protein S26-like [KO:K02976]
101021552  40S ribosomal protein S26 [KO:K02976]
101011437  40S ribosomal protein S26-like [KO:K02976]
101007042  40S ribosomal protein S26-like [KO:K02976]
101011079  40S ribosomal protein S26-like [KO:K02976]
101010859  40S ribosomal protein S26-like [KO:K02976]
101020896  40S ribosomal protein S26 [KO:K02976]
108582898  40S ribosomal protein S26-like [KO:K02976]
110742884  40S ribosomal protein S27-like [KO:K02978]
108585291  40S ribosomal protein S27-like [KO:K02978]
101019559  RPS27; 40S ribosomal protein S27 isoform X1 [KO:K02978]
108586804  40S ribosomal protein S27-like [KO:K02978]
108586658  40S ribosomal protein S27-like [KO:K02978]
108581950  40S ribosomal protein S27-like [KO:K02978]
101025074  40S ribosomal protein S27 [KO:K02978]
101022328  40S ribosomal protein S27-like [KO:K02978]
101012874  40S ribosomal protein S27-like [KO:K02978]
101022148  40S ribosomal protein S27-like isoform X1 [KO:K02978]
108583191  40S ribosomal protein S27-like [KO:K02978]
108583470  40S ribosomal protein S27-like [KO:K02978]
108584506  40S ribosomal protein S27-like [KO:K02978]
101013947  RPS27L; 40S ribosomal protein S27-like isoform X2 [KO:K02978]
108584557  40S ribosomal protein S27-like [KO:K02978]
108584925  40S ribosomal protein S27-like [KO:K02978]
108585259  40S ribosomal protein S27-like [KO:K02978]
108587045  40S ribosomal protein S27-like [KO:K02978]
108585991  40S ribosomal protein S27-like [KO:K02978]
101020976  RPS27A; ubiquitin-40S ribosomal protein S27a [KO:K02977]
101021708  ubiquitin-like [KO:K02977]
101024203  40S ribosomal protein S28 [KO:K02979]
116271700  RPS28; 40S ribosomal protein S28 [KO:K02979]
101003239  40S ribosomal protein S29 [KO:K02980]
100998862  RPS29; 40S ribosomal protein S29 [KO:K02980]
108583710  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: 40S ribosomal protein S29 [KO:K02980]
100997750  FAU; ubiquitin-like protein fubi and ribosomal protein S30 [KO:K02983]
101021070  40S ribosomal protein SA-like [KO:K02998]
103887536  40S ribosomal protein SA-like [KO:K02998]
101024282  RPSA; 40S ribosomal protein SA [KO:K02998]
101018442  40S ribosomal protein SA-like [KO:K02998]
116272680  40S ribosomal protein SA-like [KO:K02998]
101018782  40S ribosomal protein SA-like [KO:K02998]
101004457  40S ribosomal protein SA-like [KO:K02998]
101001328  40S ribosomal protein SA [KO:K02998]
110742101  40S ribosomal protein SA-like [KO:K02998]
116269247  40S ribosomal protein SA-like [KO:K02998]
101023545  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: 40S ribosomal protein SA [KO:K02998]
101011692  RPL3; 60S ribosomal protein L3 [KO:K02925]
101020917  RPL3L; 60S ribosomal protein L3-like [KO:K02925]
101025232  60S ribosomal protein L4 [KO:K02930]
101008751  RPL4; 60S ribosomal protein L4 [KO:K02930]
101008896  RPL5; 60S ribosomal protein L5 isoform X1 [KO:K02932]
101008192  RPL6; 60S ribosomal protein L6 [KO:K02934]
101003671  60S ribosomal protein L6-like isoform X1 [KO:K02934]
101022341  RPL7; 60S ribosomal protein L7 [KO:K02937]
101021821  RPL7A; 60S ribosomal protein L7a [KO:K02936]
101005828  60S ribosomal protein L7a [KO:K02936]
108581041  60S ribosomal protein L7a-like [KO:K02936]
101025655  60S ribosomal protein L7a-like [KO:K02936]
100998873  RPL8; 60S ribosomal protein L8 [KO:K02938]
101010920  60S ribosomal protein L9 [KO:K02940]
101004435  RPL9; 60S ribosomal protein L9 isoform X2 [KO:K02940]
100998792  60S ribosomal protein L10-like [KO:K02866]
110744050  60S ribosomal protein L10-like [KO:K02866]
101022541  60S ribosomal protein L10-like [KO:K02866]
101024440  60S ribosomal protein L10-like [KO:K02866]
116271743  60S ribosomal protein L10-like [KO:K02866]
103878318  60S ribosomal protein L10-like [KO:K02866]
101022111  RPL10L; 60S ribosomal protein L10-like [KO:K02866]
101020107  60S ribosomal protein L10-like [KO:K02866]
100137264  RPL10; 60S ribosomal protein L10 [KO:K02866]
101026848  60S ribosomal protein L10a [KO:K02865]
101016900  RPL10A; 60S ribosomal protein L10a [KO:K02865]
110743064  60S ribosomal protein L10a [KO:K02865]
101018840  RPL11; 60S ribosomal protein L11 [KO:K02868]
101022654  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: 60S ribosomal protein L11-like [KO:K02868]
101012883  60S ribosomal protein L12-like [KO:K02870]
101008926  RPL12; 60S ribosomal protein L12 isoform X1 [KO:K02870]
116275021  60S ribosomal protein L12 [KO:K02870]
116275254  60S ribosomal protein L12 [KO:K02870]
101015000  RPL13; 60S ribosomal protein L13 [KO:K02873]
101006867  RPL13A; 60S ribosomal protein L13a isoform X1 [KO:K02872]
101018757  RPL14; 60S ribosomal protein L14 isoform X2 [KO:K02875]
101021844  60S ribosomal protein L14 [KO:K02875]
101006715  RPL15; 60S ribosomal protein L15 [KO:K02877]
101002703  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: 60S ribosomal protein L15-like [KO:K02877]
101011403  RPL17; 60S ribosomal protein L17 [KO:K02880]
101013201  RPL18; 60S ribosomal protein L18 [KO:K02883]
103878946  uncharacterized protein LOC103878946 [KO:K02883]
101006523  RPL18A; 60S ribosomal protein L18a isoform X1 [KO:K02882]
101000000  RPL19; 60S ribosomal protein L19 [KO:K02885]
101007098  60S ribosomal protein L21-like isoform X2 [KO:K02889]
101021233  60S ribosomal protein L21 [KO:K02889]
100998593  RPL21; 60S ribosomal protein L21 [KO:K02889]
101008059  RPL22; 60S ribosomal protein L22 [KO:K02891]
101023102  RPL22L1; 60S ribosomal protein L22-like 1 isoform X2 [KO:K02891]
101025596  RPL23; 60S ribosomal protein L23 [KO:K02894]
101004009  60S ribosomal protein L23a [KO:K02893]
101001071  60S ribosomal protein L23a [KO:K02893]
101003352  RPL23A; 60S ribosomal protein L23a [KO:K02893]
101016629  transcription initiation factor TFIID subunit 3-like [KO:K02896]
101004856  RPL24; 60S ribosomal protein L24 [KO:K02896]
101012615  probable ribosome biogenesis protein RLP24 [KO:K02896]
116275825  probable ribosome biogenesis protein RLP24 [KO:K02896]
101010300  60S ribosomal protein L26-like [KO:K02898]
101023597  RPL26; 60S ribosomal protein L26 [KO:K02898]
101024168  60S ribosomal protein L26 [KO:K02898]
100997213  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: 60S ribosomal protein L26 [KO:K02898]
100999578  RPL26L1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: 60S ribosomal protein L26-like 1 [KO:K02898]
101018776  RPL27; 60S ribosomal protein L27 [KO:K02901]
101011406  60S ribosomal protein L27 [KO:K02901]
100998078  60S ribosomal protein L27a [KO:K02900]
101020150  RPL27A; 60S ribosomal protein L27a [KO:K02900]
101021027  RPL28; 60S ribosomal protein L28 [KO:K02903]
101022143  60S ribosomal protein L29-like [KO:K02905]
116269733  60S ribosomal protein L29-like [KO:K02905]
101009271  60S ribosomal protein L29 [KO:K02905]
100997293  RPL29; 60S ribosomal protein L29 [KO:K02905]
108581713  60S ribosomal protein L29-like [KO:K02905]
116271473  60S ribosomal protein L29-like [KO:K02905]
101024795  60S ribosomal protein L29-like [KO:K02905]
116276383  60S ribosomal protein L29-like [KO:K02905]
103885919  60S ribosomal protein L29-like [KO:K02905]
108582678  uncharacterized protein LOC108582678 [KO:K02908]
110743182  60S ribosomal protein L30-like [KO:K02908]
101018035  60S ribosomal protein L30 [KO:K02908]
101005169  RPL30; 60S ribosomal protein L30 [KO:K02908]
101025794  RPL31; 60S ribosomal protein L31 [KO:K02910]
101006368  RPL32; 60S ribosomal protein L32 [KO:K02912]
101009930  60S ribosomal protein L32 [KO:K02912]
103881122  60S ribosomal protein L32 [KO:K02912]
101001348  60S ribosomal protein L32 [KO:K02912]
101020085  RPL34; 60S ribosomal protein L34 [KO:K02915]
101017508  RPL35; 60S ribosomal protein L35 [KO:K02918]
101014662  60S ribosomal protein L35a isoform X1 [KO:K02917]
101022077  RPL36; 60S ribosomal protein L36 [KO:K02920]
101015240  RPL37; 60S ribosomal protein L37 [KO:K02922]
101020591  60S ribosomal protein L37 [KO:K02922]
108585966  60S ribosomal protein L37a-like [KO:K02921]
101010643  RPL37A; 60S ribosomal protein L37a [KO:K02921]
108582134  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: putative 60S ribosomal protein L37a-like protein [KO:K02921]
101003140  putative 60S ribosomal protein L37a [KO:K02921]
116273798  putative 60S ribosomal protein L37a [KO:K02921]
101011811  putative 60S ribosomal protein L37a [KO:K02921]
101006703  putative 60S ribosomal protein L37a [KO:K02921]
101010692  RPL38; 60S ribosomal protein L38 [KO:K02923]
108581845  60S ribosomal protein L39 [KO:K02924]
108581327  60S ribosomal protein L39 [KO:K02924]
108583452  60S ribosomal protein L39 [KO:K02924]
108584558  60S ribosomal protein L39-like [KO:K02924]
108584677  60S ribosomal protein L39 [KO:K02924]
108584694  putative 60S ribosomal protein L39-like 5 [KO:K02924]
108586323  60S ribosomal protein L39 [KO:K02924]
108586901  60S ribosomal protein L39 [KO:K02924]
101015460  60S ribosomal protein L39 [KO:K02924]
108582161  60S ribosomal protein L39 [KO:K02924]
101005272  RPL39; 60S ribosomal protein L39 [KO:K02924]
101016988  RPL39L; 60S ribosomal protein L39-like isoform X2 [KO:K02924]
101022082  ubiquitin-like [KO:K02927]
101018915  UBA52; ubiquitin-60S ribosomal protein L40 isoform X2 [KO:K02927]
116271010  60S ribosomal protein L41 [KO:K02928]
116275364  60S ribosomal protein L41 [KO:K02928]
101005433  60S ribosomal protein L36a-like [KO:K02929]
101019696  60S ribosomal protein L36a-like [KO:K02929]
101006074  60S ribosomal protein L36a-like [KO:K02929]
101009148  60S ribosomal protein L36a-like [KO:K02929]
101002193  60S ribosomal protein L36a-like [KO:K02929]
116270257  60S ribosomal protein L36a [KO:K02929]
101008272  60S ribosomal protein L36a-like [KO:K02929]
100999053  60S ribosomal protein L36a-like [KO:K02929]
108582545  60S ribosomal protein L36a-like [KO:K02929]
116273800  60S ribosomal protein L36a-like [KO:K02929]
108586466  60S ribosomal protein L36a-like [KO:K02929]
100998518  RPL36AL; 60S ribosomal protein L36a-like [KO:K02929]
103878986  60S ribosomal protein L36a-like [KO:K02929]
100137368  RPL36AL; 60S ribosomal protein L36a [KO:K02929]
101006882  60S ribosomal protein L36a [KO:K02929]
101003785  RPLP0; 60S acidic ribosomal protein P0 [KO:K02941]
103875584  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: 60S acidic ribosomal protein P0-like [KO:K02941]
100999326  60S acidic ribosomal protein P1 [KO:K02942]
101026327  RPLP1; 60S acidic ribosomal protein P1 [KO:K02942]
101010654  RPLP2; 60S acidic ribosomal protein P2 [KO:K02943]
101004461  uncharacterized protein LOC101004461 [KO:K06856]
101009922  FCGR2A; low affinity immunoglobulin gamma Fc region receptor II-a isoform X1 [KO:K06472]
101024880  SYK; tyrosine-protein kinase SYK isoform X6 [KO:K05855] [EC:2.7.10.2]
101004976  PIK3CA; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform isoform X1 [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
101008699  PIK3CB; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
101002278  PIK3CD; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
100510873  PIK3R1; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit alpha isoform X4 [KO:K02649]
101009981  PIK3R2; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit beta [KO:K02649]
101002971  PIK3R3; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit gamma isoform X1 [KO:K02649]
101012165  PLCG1; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase gamma-1 isoform X2 [KO:K01116] [EC:3.1.4.11]
101004091  PLCG2; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase gamma-2 isoform X1 [KO:K05859] [EC:3.1.4.11]
101016532  PRKCA; protein kinase C alpha type isoform X4 [KO:K02677] [EC:2.7.11.13]
101009865  PRKCB; protein kinase C beta type isoform X1 [KO:K19662] [EC:2.7.11.13]
100137333  PRKCG; protein kinase C gamma type [KO:K19663] [EC:2.7.11.13]
101012041  MAPK1; mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
101006756  MAPK3; mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 isoform X1 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
101001103  MAPK12; mitogen-activated protein kinase 12 isoform X2 [KO:K04441] [EC:2.7.11.24]
101002393  MAPK11; mitogen-activated protein kinase 11 [KO:K04441] [EC:2.7.11.24]
101024189  MAPK14; mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 isoform X1 [KO:K04441] [EC:2.7.11.24]
101024771  MAPK13; mitogen-activated protein kinase 13 [KO:K04441] [EC:2.7.11.24]
103884712  TLR2; toll-like receptor 2 [KO:K10159]
101009041  TLR4; toll-like receptor 4 isoform X1 [KO:K10160]
101005327  MYD88; myeloid differentiation primary response protein MyD88 isoform X1 [KO:K04729]
101020343  TLR7; toll-like receptor 7 isoform X1 [KO:K05404]
101020701  TLR8; toll-like receptor 8 isoform X1 [KO:K10170]
101007351  IRAK4; interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 4 isoform X1 [KO:K04733] [EC:2.7.11.1]
101018336  IRAK1; interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 1 [KO:K04730] [EC:2.7.11.1]
101002649  TRAF6; TNF receptor-associated factor 6 [KO:K03175] [EC:2.3.2.27]
101013055  MAP3K7; mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 7 isoform X1 [KO:K04427] [EC:2.7.11.25]
100997900  TAB2; TGF-beta-activated kinase 1 and MAP3K7-binding protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K04404]
101005010  MAPK10; mitogen-activated protein kinase 10 isoform X3 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
101022320  MAPK9; mitogen-activated protein kinase 9 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
101019884  MAPK8; mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
101021141  FOS; proto-oncogene c-Fos isoform X1 [KO:K04379]
101010894  JUN; transcription factor AP-1 [KO:K04448]
100998877  CHUK; inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04467] [EC:2.7.11.10]
101016447  IKBKB; inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit beta isoform X5 [KO:K07209] [EC:2.7.11.10]
101007974  NLRP3; NACHT, LRR and PYD domains-containing protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K12800]
101008696  caspase-1-like isoform X1 [KO:K01370] [EC:3.4.22.36]
101006831  CASP1; caspase-1 isoform X1 [KO:K01370] [EC:3.4.22.36]
101009375  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: caspase-1-like [KO:K01370] [EC:3.4.22.36]
101003041  TLR3; toll-like receptor 3 [KO:K05401]
100997060  DDX58; probable ATP-dependent RNA helicase DDX58 isoform X2 [KO:K12646] [EC:5.6.2.6]
101022694  ISG15; ubiquitin-like protein ISG15 isoform X2 [KO:K12159]
101024962  IFIH1; interferon-induced helicase C domain-containing protein 1 [KO:K12647] [EC:5.6.2.6]
101008300  MAVS; mitochondrial antiviral-signaling protein [KO:K12648]
101015482  TRAF3; TNF receptor-associated factor 3 isoform X1 [KO:K03174]
101001355  IKBKE; inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit epsilon isoform X2 [KO:K07211] [EC:2.7.11.10]
100999858  TBK1; serine/threonine-protein kinase TBK1 [KO:K05410] [EC:2.7.11.10]
101013579  IRF3; interferon regulatory factor 3 isoform X1 [KO:K05411]
100137406  CGAS; cyclic GMP-AMP synthase [KO:K17834] [EC:2.7.7.86]
100997804  STING1; stimulator of interferon genes protein isoform X1 [KO:K12654]
101023828  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: interferon alpha-21 [KO:K05414]
101016516  interferon alpha-1/13 [KO:K05414]
116270026  interferon alpha-1/13 [KO:K05414]
101019008  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: interferon alpha-1/13 [KO:K05414]
101018652  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: interferon alpha-1/13 [KO:K05414]
101017918  interferon alpha-8 [KO:K05414]
101018287  interferon alpha-2 [KO:K05414]
101019380  interferon alpha-6 [KO:K05414]
101021706  interferon alpha-14 [KO:K05414]
101023118  interferon alpha-4 [KO:K05414]
101024523  IFNB1; interferon beta [KO:K05415]
100137245  IFNAR1; interferon alpha/beta receptor 1 [KO:K05130]
100137545  IFNAR2; interferon alpha/beta receptor 2 precursor [KO:K05131]
101005886  STAT1; signal transducer and activator of transcription 1-alpha/beta [KO:K11220]
101011342  STAT2; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: signal transducer and activator of transcription 2 [KO:K11221]
101020807  IRF9; interferon regulatory factor 9 isoform X1 [KO:K04693]
101026850  ADAR; double-stranded RNA-specific adenosine deaminase isoform X1 [KO:K12968] [EC:3.5.4.37]
101010639  OAS2; 2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthase 2 [KO:K14216] [EC:2.7.7.84]
101010277  OAS1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: 2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthase 1 [KO:K14216] [EC:2.7.7.84]
101015624  OAS3; 2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthase 3 [KO:K14216] [EC:2.7.7.84]
101020760  MX1; interferon-induced GTP-binding protein Mx1 [KO:K14754]
101021095  MX2; interferon-induced GTP-binding protein Mx2 isoform X1 [KO:K14754]
101011480  EIF2AK2; interferon-induced, double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K16195] [EC:2.7.11.1]
101024314  C5AR1; C5a anaphylatoxin chemotactic receptor 1 isoform X2 [KO:K04010]
101017169  C3AR1; C3a anaphylatoxin chemotactic receptor [KO:K04009]
101006748  C3; complement C3 [KO:K03990]
101003340  C5; complement C5 isoform X1 [KO:K03994]
101017836  C6; complement component C6 [KO:K03995]
101016787  C7; complement component C7 [KO:K03996]
101007361  C8A; complement component C8 alpha chain [KO:K03997]
101007717  C8B; complement component C8 beta chain isoform X1 [KO:K03998]
101016989  C8G; complement component C8 gamma chain [KO:K03999]
101010222  C9; complement component C9 [KO:K04000]
101009024  SELP; P-selectin [KO:K06496]
101011576  VWF; von Willebrand factor isoform X1 [KO:K03900]
101008430  C1QA; complement C1q subcomponent subunit A [KO:K03986]
116274504  C1QB; complement C1q subcomponent subunit B [KO:K03987]
101007839  C1QC; complement C1q subcomponent subunit C isoform X1 [KO:K03988]
101009229  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: complement C1r subcomponent [KO:K01330] [EC:3.4.21.41]
101009900  C1R; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: complement C1r subcomponent [KO:K01330] [EC:3.4.21.41]
101003889  C1S; complement C1s subcomponent [KO:K01331] [EC:3.4.21.42]
101009560  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: complement C1s subcomponent-like [KO:K01331] [EC:3.4.21.42]
101024934  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: complement C4-A [KO:K03989]
101023055  mannose-binding protein A-like [KO:K03991]
101007339  MBL2; mannose-binding protein C isoform X1 [KO:K03991]
101017684  MASP1; mannan-binding lectin serine protease 1 isoform X2 [KO:K03992] [EC:3.4.21.-]
101003685  F2; prothrombin [KO:K01313] [EC:3.4.21.5]
101003601  F13A1; coagulation factor XIII A chain [KO:K03917] [EC:2.3.2.13]
101009929  F13B; coagulation factor XIII B chain isoform X1 [KO:K03906]
101017602  FGA; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: fibrinogen alpha chain [KO:K03903]
101017243  FGB; fibrinogen beta chain [KO:K03904]
101017958  FGG; fibrinogen gamma chain isoform X2 [KO:K03905]
Compound
C00027  Hydrogen peroxide
C00046  RNA
C00165  Diacylglycerol
C00290  Fibrin
C00533  Nitric oxide
C00704  Superoxide
C00873  Angiotensin I
C02135  Angiotensin II
C15850  Angiotensin (1-7)
C20640  Cyclic GMP-AMP
Reference
PMID:33132005
  Authors
Harrison AG, Lin T, Wang P
  Title
Mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 Transmission and Pathogenesis.
  Journal
Trends Immunol S1471-4906(20)30233-7 (2020)
DOI:10.1016/j.it.2020.10.004
Reference
PMID:33077917
  Authors
Perico L, Benigni A, Casiraghi F, Ng LFP, Renia L, Remuzzi G
  Title
Immunity, endothelial injury and complement-induced coagulopathy in COVID-19.
  Journal
Nat Rev Nephrol 10.1038/s41581-020-00357-4 (2020)
DOI:10.1038/s41581-020-00357-4
Reference
PMID:32820801
  Authors
Battagello DS, Dragunas G, Klein MO, Ayub ALP, Velloso FJ, Correa RG
  Title
Unpuzzling COVID-19: tissue-related signaling pathways associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection and transmission.
  Journal
Clin Sci (Lond) 134:2137-2160 (2020)
DOI:10.1042/CS20200904
Reference
PMID:32353634
  Authors
Felsenstein S, Herbert JA, McNamara PS, Hedrich CM
  Title
COVID-19: Immunology and treatment options.
  Journal
Clin Immunol 215:108448 (2020)
DOI:10.1016/j.clim.2020.108448
Reference
PMID:33014208
  Authors
Hojyo S, Uchida M, Tanaka K, Hasebe R, Tanaka Y, Murakami M, Hirano T
  Title
How COVID-19 induces cytokine storm with high mortality.
  Journal
Inflamm Regen 40:37 (2020)
DOI:10.1186/s41232-020-00146-3
Reference
PMID:32544563
  Authors
Mahmudpour M, Roozbeh J, Keshavarz M, Farrokhi S, Nabipour I
  Title
COVID-19 cytokine storm: The anger of inflammation.
  Journal
Cytokine 133:155151 (2020)
DOI:10.1016/j.cyto.2020.155151
Reference
PMID:32635353
  Authors
Farooqi F, Dhawan N, Morgan R, Dinh J, Nedd K, Yatzkan G
  Title
Treatment of Severe COVID-19 with Tocilizumab Mitigates Cytokine Storm and Averts Mechanical Ventilation During Acute Respiratory Distress: A Case Report and Literature Review.
  Journal
Trop Med Infect Dis 5:E112 (2020)
DOI:10.3390/tropicalmed5030112
Reference
PMID:32376392
  Authors
Jamilloux Y, Henry T, Belot A, Viel S, Fauter M, El Jammal T, Walzer T, Francois B, Seve P
  Title
Should we stimulate or suppress immune responses in COVID-19? Cytokine and anti-cytokine interventions.
  Journal
Autoimmun Rev 19:102567 (2020)
DOI:10.1016/j.autrev.2020.102567
Reference
PMID:32722596
  Authors
Kiselevskiy M, Shubina I, Chikileva I, Sitdikova S, Samoylenko I, Anisimova N, Kirgizov K, Suleimanova A, Gorbunova T, Varfolomeeva S
  Title
Immune Pathogenesis of COVID-19 Intoxication: Storm or Silence?
  Journal
Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 13:E166 (2020)
DOI:10.3390/ph13080166
Reference
PMID:32922297
  Authors
Curran CS, Rivera DR, Kopp JB
  Title
COVID-19 Usurps Host Regulatory Networks.
  Journal
Front Pharmacol 11:1278 (2020)
DOI:10.3389/fphar.2020.01278
Reference
PMID:33055229
  Authors
Quan C, Li C, Ma H, Li Y, Zhang H
  Title
Immunopathogenesis of Coronavirus-Induced Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS): Potential Infection-Associated Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis.
  Journal
Clin Microbiol Rev 34:e00074-20 (2020)
DOI:10.1128/CMR.00074-20
Reference
PMID:32973803
  Authors
Ahmed-Hassan H, Sisson B, Shukla RK, Wijewantha Y, Funderburg NT, Li Z, Hayes D Jr, Demberg T, Liyanage NPM
  Title
Innate Immune Responses to Highly Pathogenic Coronaviruses and Other Significant Respiratory Viral Infections.
  Journal
Front Immunol 11:1979 (2020)
DOI:10.3389/fimmu.2020.01979
Reference
PMID:32346093
  Authors
Tay MZ, Poh CM, Renia L, MacAry PA, Ng LFP
  Title
The trinity of COVID-19: immunity, inflammation and intervention.
  Journal
Nat Rev Immunol 20:363-374 (2020)
DOI:10.1038/s41577-020-0311-8
Reference
PMID:32979938
  Authors
Xia H, Cao Z, Xie X, Zhang X, Chen JY, Wang H, Menachery VD, Rajsbaum R, Shi PY
  Title
Evasion of Type I Interferon by SARS-CoV-2.
  Journal
Cell Rep 33:108234 (2020)
DOI:10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108234
Reference
PMID:32661197
  Authors
Hartenian E, Nandakumar D, Lari A, Ly M, Tucker JM, Glaunsinger BA
  Title
The molecular virology of coronaviruses.
  Journal
J Biol Chem 295:12910-12934 (2020)
DOI:10.1074/jbc.REV120.013930
Reference
PMID:32978971
  Authors
Amor S, Fernandez Blanco L, Baker D
  Title
Innate immunity during SARS-CoV-2: evasion strategies and activation trigger hypoxia and vascular damage.
  Journal
Clin Exp Immunol 202:193-209 (2020)
DOI:10.1111/cei.13523
Reference
PMID:32467561
  Authors
Catanzaro M, Fagiani F, Racchi M, Corsini E, Govoni S, Lanni C
  Title
Immune response in COVID-19: addressing a pharmacological challenge by targeting pathways triggered by SARS-CoV-2.
  Journal
Signal Transduct Target Ther 5:84 (2020)
DOI:10.1038/s41392-020-0191-1
Reference
PMID:32687918
  Authors
Jafarzadeh A, Chauhan P, Saha B, Jafarzadeh S, Nemati M
  Title
Contribution of monocytes and macrophages to the local tissue inflammation and cytokine storm in COVID-19: Lessons from SARS and MERS, and potential therapeutic interventions.
  Journal
Life Sci 257:118102 (2020)
DOI:10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118102
Reference
PMID:32376901
  Authors
Merad M, Martin JC
  Title
Pathological inflammation in patients with COVID-19: a key role for monocytes and macrophages.
  Journal
Nat Rev Immunol 20:355-362 (2020)
DOI:10.1038/s41577-020-0331-4
Reference
PMID:32246101
  Authors
South AM, Tomlinson L, Edmonston D, Hiremath S, Sparks MA
  Title
Controversies of renin-angiotensin system inhibition during the COVID-19 pandemic.
  Journal
Nat Rev Nephrol 16:305-307 (2020)
DOI:10.1038/s41581-020-0279-4
Reference
PMID:32433641
  Authors
Furuhashi M, Moniwa N, Takizawa H, Ura N, Shimamoto K
  Title
Potential differential effects of renin-angiotensin system inhibitors on SARS-CoV-2 infection and lung injury in COVID-19.
  Journal
Hypertens Res 43:837-840 (2020)
DOI:10.1038/s41440-020-0478-1
Reference
PMID:32423094
  Authors
Gemmati D, Bramanti B, Serino ML, Secchiero P, Zauli G, Tisato V
  Title
COVID-19 and Individual Genetic Susceptibility/Receptivity: Role of ACE1/ACE2 Genes, Immunity, Inflammation and Coagulation. Might the Double X-chromosome in Females Be Protective against SARS-CoV-2 Compared to the Single X-Chromosome in Males?
  Journal
Int J Mol Sci 21:E3474 (2020)
DOI:10.3390/ijms21103474
Reference
PMID:33184193
  Authors
Kielian M
  Title
Enhancing host cell infection by SARS-CoV-2.
  Journal
Science 370:765-766 (2020)
DOI:10.1126/science.abf0732
Reference
PMID:32327719
  Authors
Risitano AM, Mastellos DC, Huber-Lang M, Yancopoulou D, Garlanda C, Ciceri F, Lambris JD
  Title
Complement as a target in COVID-19?
  Journal
Nat Rev Immunol 20:343-344 (2020)
DOI:10.1038/s41577-020-0320-7
Reference
PMID:32461141
  Authors
Noris M, Benigni A, Remuzzi G
  Title
The case of complement activation in COVID-19 multiorgan impact.
  Journal
Kidney Int 98:314-322 (2020)
DOI:10.1016/j.kint.2020.05.013
Reference
PMID:32559343
  Authors
Polycarpou A, Howard M, Farrar CA, Greenlaw R, Fanelli G, Wallis R, Klavinskis LS, Sacks S
  Title
Rationale for targeting complement in COVID-19.
  Journal
EMBO Mol Med 12:e12642 (2020)
DOI:10.15252/emmm.202012642
Reference
PMID:32439870
  Authors
Teuwen LA, Geldhof V, Pasut A, Carmeliet P
  Title
COVID-19: the vasculature unleashed.
  Journal
Nat Rev Immunol 20:389-391 (2020)
DOI:10.1038/s41577-020-0343-0
Reference
PMID:32643798
  Authors
Jodele S, Kohl J
  Title
Tackling COVID-19 infection through complement-targeted immunotherapy.
  Journal
Br J Pharmacol 178:2832-2848 (2021)
DOI:10.1111/bph.15187
Reference
PMID:32608159
  Authors
Chauhan AJ, Wiffen LJ, Brown TP
  Title
COVID-19: A collision of complement, coagulation and inflammatory pathways.
  Journal
J Thromb Haemost 18:2110-2117 (2020)
DOI:10.1111/jth.14981
Reference
PMID:32558620
  Authors
Colling ME, Kanthi Y
  Title
COVID-19-associated coagulopathy: An exploration of mechanisms.
  Journal
Vasc Med 25:471-478 (2020)
DOI:10.1177/1358863X20932640
Reference
PMID:32586214
  Authors
McFadyen JD, Stevens H, Peter K
  Title
The Emerging Threat of (Micro)Thrombosis in COVID-19 and Its Therapeutic Implications.
  Journal
Circ Res 127:571-587 (2020)
DOI:10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.120.317447
Reference
PMID:32995777
  Authors
Shi M, Wang L, Fontana P, Vora S, Zhang Y, Fu TM, Lieberman J, Wu H
  Title
SARS-CoV-2 Nsp1 suppresses host but not viral translation through a bipartite mechanism.
  Journal
bioRxiv 2020.09.18.302901 (2020)
DOI:10.1101/2020.09.18.302901
Reference
PMID:32693241
  Authors
Paniri A, Akhavan-Niaki H
  Title
Emerging role of IL-6 and NLRP3 inflammasome as potential therapeutic targets to combat COVID-19: Role of lncRNAs in cytokine storm modulation.
  Journal
Life Sci 257:118114 (2020)
DOI:10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118114
Reference
PMID:32405269
  Authors
Omarjee L, Janin A, Perrot F, Laviolle B, Meilhac O, Mahe G
  Title
Targeting T-cell senescence and cytokine storm with rapamycin to prevent severe progression in COVID-19.
  Journal
Clin Immunol 216:108464 (2020)
DOI:10.1016/j.clim.2020.108464
Reference
PMID:32337664
  Authors
Zhang S, Li L, Shen A, Chen Y, Qi Z
  Title
Rational Use of Tocilizumab in the Treatment of Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia.
  Journal
Clin Drug Investig 40:511-518 (2020)
DOI:10.1007/s40261-020-00917-3
Related
pathway
panu03015  mRNA surveillance pathway
panu04144  Endocytosis
panu04270  Vascular smooth muscle contraction
panu04610  Complement and coagulation cascades
panu04611  Platelet activation
panu04613  Neutrophil extracellular trap formation
panu04614  Renin-angiotensin system
panu04620  Toll-like receptor signaling pathway
panu04621  NOD-like receptor signaling pathway
panu04622  RIG-I-like receptor signaling pathway
panu04623  Cytosolic DNA-sensing pathway
panu04630  JAK-STAT signaling pathway
panu04650  Natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity
panu04666  Fc gamma R-mediated phagocytosis
panu04668  TNF signaling pathway
panu04670  Leukocyte transendothelial migration
KO pathway
ko05171   
LinkDB

DBGET integrated database retrieval system