Entry
Name
Human cytomegalovirus infection - Saimiri boliviensis boliviensis (Bolivian squirrel monkey)
Description
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is an enveloped, double-stranded DNA virus that is a member of beta-herpesvirus family. HCMV is best known for causing significant morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised populations. As with other herpesviruses, HCMV gB and gH/gL envelope glycoproteins are essential for virus entry. HCMV gB could activate the PDGFRA, and induce activation of the oncogenic PI3-K/AKT pathway. Though it is unlikely that HCMV by itself can act as an oncogenic factor, HCMV may have an oncomodulatory role, to catalyze an oncogenic process that has already been initiated. US28, one of the four HCMV-encoded vGPCRs (US27, US28, UL33 and UL78), also has a specific role in the oncomodulatory properties. In addition, HCMV has developed numerous mechanisms for manipulating the host immune system. The virally encoded US2, US3, US6 and US11 gene products all interfere with major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I antigen presentation. HCMV encodes several immediate early (IE) antiapoptotic proteins (IE1, IE2, vMIA and vICA). These proteins might avoid immune clearance of infected tumor cells by cytotoxic lymphocytes and NK cells.
Class
Human Diseases; Infectious disease: viral
BRITE hierarchy
Pathway map
sbq05163 Human cytomegalovirus infection
Ortholog table
Organism
Saimiri boliviensis boliviensis (Bolivian squirrel monkey) [GN:
sbq ]
Gene
101029768 PIK3CA; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K00922 ] [EC:2.7.1.153 ]
101052779 PIK3CD; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K00922 ] [EC:2.7.1.153 ]
101027982 PIK3CB; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K00922 ] [EC:2.7.1.153 ]
101032496 PIK3R1; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K02649 ]
101033359 PIK3R2; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit beta [KO:K02649 ]
101050592 PIK3R3; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit gamma isoform X1 [KO:K02649 ]
101030055 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1-like [KO:K07205 ]
101029508 EIF4EBP1; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1 [KO:K07205 ]
101035787 NFKB1; nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit isoform X1 [KO:K02580 ]
101032869 TMEM173; stimulator of interferon genes protein isoform X1 [KO:K12654 ]
104649955 TNFRSF1A; tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 1A isoform X1 [KO:K03158 ]
101050794 TRADD; tumor necrosis factor receptor type 1-associated DEATH domain protein isoform X1 [KO:K03171 ]
101041488 GNB1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-1 [KO:K04536 ]
101050677 GNB2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-2 [KO:K04537 ]
101030203 GNB3; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-3 [KO:K07825 ]
101030409 GNB4; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit beta-4 isoform X1 [KO:K04538 ]
101038619 GNB5; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit beta-5 [KO:K04539 ]
101041345 GNG2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-2 [KO:K07826 ]
101030348 GNG4; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-4 [KO:K04541 ]
101037908 GNG5; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-5 [KO:K04542 ]
101030524 GNG7; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-7 [KO:K04543 ]
101044875 GNG11; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-11 [KO:K04546 ]
101051683 guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-12 [KO:K04347 ]
101046368 GNG12; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-12 [KO:K04347 ]
101044114 GNGT1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(T) subunit gamma-T1 [KO:K04548 ]
101051855 GNAQ; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(q) subunit alpha [KO:K04634 ]
101032578 GNA11; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit alpha-11 [KO:K04635 ]
101046851 PLCB4; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-4 isoform X3 [KO:K05858 ] [EC:3.1.4.11 ]
101047168 PLCB1; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-1 isoform X2 [KO:K05858 ] [EC:3.1.4.11 ]
101052271 PLCB2; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-2 isoform X1 [KO:K05858 ] [EC:3.1.4.11 ]
101029556 ITPR1; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04958 ]
101036413 CALML4; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: calmodulin-like protein 4 [KO:K02183 ]
101045514 PPP3CC; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2B catalytic subunit gamma isoform isoform X4 [KO:K04348 ] [EC:3.1.3.16 ]
101035788 PPP3CA; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2B catalytic subunit alpha isoform isoform X1 [KO:K04348 ] [EC:3.1.3.16 ]
101032266 PPP3CB; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2B catalytic subunit beta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K04348 ] [EC:3.1.3.16 ]
101049490 NFATC2; nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 2 isoform X1 [KO:K17332 ]
101040060 NFATC3; nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 3 isoform X1 [KO:K17333 ]
101043069 NFATC4; nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 4 isoform X1 [KO:K17334 ]
101042629 GNAI1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-1 [KO:K04630 ]
101041681 GNAI2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-2 isoform X1 [KO:K04630 ]
101032105 GNAI3; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(k) subunit alpha [KO:K04630 ]
101049046 GNAO1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(o) subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04534 ]
101042405 GNA12; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit alpha-12 [KO:K04346 ]
101034540 GNA13; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit alpha-13 [KO:K04639 ]
101038799 ARHGEF11; rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor 11 isoform X8 [KO:K12331 ]
101040423 ARHGEF12; rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor 12 isoform X1 [KO:K07532 ]
101043452 GNAS; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(s) subunit alpha isoforms XLas isoform X1 [KO:K04632 ]
101049662 STAT3; signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 [KO:K04692 ]
101032691 VEGFA; vascular endothelial growth factor A isoform X1 [KO:K05448 ]
101034085 CREB1; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K05870 ]
101035834 ATF2; cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-2 isoform X1 [KO:K04450 ]
101034435 ATF4; cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-4 [KO:K04374 ]
101042795 CREB3L2; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K09048 ]
101044974 CREB3L1; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 1 [KO:K09048 ]
101036473 CREB3L3; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K09048 ]
101052885 CREB3; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3 [KO:K09048 ]
101041199 CREB3L4; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 4 isoform X4 [KO:K09048 ]
101054090 CREB5; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 5 isoform X1 [KO:K09047 ]
101047355 ATF6B; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-6 beta [KO:K09049 ]
101041293 BCAR1; breast cancer anti-estrogen resistance protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K05726 ]
101042893 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: saoe class I histocompatibility antigen, A alpha chain-like [KO:K06751 ]
101043856 patr class I histocompatibility antigen, A-2 alpha chain-like [KO:K06751 ]
101046108 HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B-27 alpha chain-like [KO:K06751 ]
104650390 class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain-like [KO:K06751 ]
104650398 putative HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, alpha chain H [KO:K06751 ]
101032412 patr class I histocompatibility antigen, A-126 alpha chain-like isoform X1 [KO:K06751 ]
101040674 patr class I histocompatibility antigen, A-2 alpha chain-like [KO:K06751 ]
101041111 patr class I histocompatibility antigen, A-2 alpha chain-like [KO:K06751 ]
101033054 class I histocompatibility antigen, Gogo-B*0103 alpha chain-like [KO:K06751 ]
101040568 patr class I histocompatibility antigen, A-126 alpha chain-like isoform X1 [KO:K06751 ]
101040877 class I histocompatibility antigen, Gogo-C*0202 alpha chain-like isoform X1 [KO:K06751 ]
101044935 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: popy class I histocompatibility antigen, alpha chain E [KO:K06751 ]
101050220 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: saoe class I histocompatibility antigen, A alpha chain-like [KO:K06751 ]
101050865 patr class I histocompatibility antigen, A-2 alpha chain-like [KO:K06751 ]
101041919 CDKN1A; cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1 isoform X2 [KO:K06625 ]
101035660 FASLG; tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 6 isoform X1 [KO:K04389 ]
101035635 FAS; tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 6 [KO:K04390 ]
Compound
C01245 D-myo-Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate
C05981 Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate
Reference
Authors
Michaelis M, Doerr HW, Cinatl J
Title
The story of human cytomegalovirus and cancer: increasing evidence and open questions.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Roy S, Arav-Boger R
Title
New cell-signaling pathways for controlling cytomegalovirus replication.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Cinatl J, Scholz M, Kotchetkov R, Vogel JU, Doerr HW
Title
Molecular mechanisms of the modulatory effects of HCMV infection in tumor cell biology.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Evers DL, Wang X, Huang ES
Title
Cellular stress and signal transduction responses to human cytomegalovirus infection.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Murray MJ, Peters NE, Reeves MB
Title
Navigating the Host Cell Response during Entry into Sites of Latent Cytomegalovirus Infection.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Campadelli-Fiume G, Collins-McMillen D, Gianni T, Yurochko AD
Title
Integrins as Herpesvirus Receptors and Mediators of the Host Signalosome.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Fu YZ, Su S, Gao YQ, Wang PP, Huang ZF, Hu MM, Luo WW, Li S, Luo MH, Wang YY, Shu HB
Title
Human Cytomegalovirus Tegument Protein UL82 Inhibits STING-Mediated Signaling to Evade Antiviral Immunity.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Hancock MH, Nelson JA
Title
Modulation of the NFkappab Signalling Pathway by Human Cytomegalovirus.
Journal
Virology (Hyderabad) 1:104 (2017)
Reference
Authors
Rahman MM, McFadden G
Title
Modulation of NF-kappaB signalling by microbial pathogens.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Zhang J, Feng H, Xu S, Feng P
Title
Hijacking GPCRs by viral pathogens and tumor.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Lee S, Chung YH, Lee C
Title
US28, a Virally-Encoded GPCR as an Antiviral Target for Human Cytomegalovirus Infection.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Langemeijer EV, Slinger E, de Munnik S, Schreiber A, Maussang D, Vischer H, Verkaar F, Leurs R, Siderius M, Smit MJ
Title
Constitutive beta-catenin signaling by the viral chemokine receptor US28.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Couty JP, Gershengorn MC
Title
G-protein-coupled receptors encoded by human herpesviruses.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Fiallos E, Judkins J, Matlaf L, Prichard M, Dittmer D, Cobbs C, Soroceanu L
Title
Human cytomegalovirus gene expression in long-term infected glioma stem cells.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Vischer HF, Siderius M, Leurs R, Smit MJ
Title
Herpesvirus-encoded GPCRs: neglected players in inflammatory and proliferative diseases?
Journal
Reference
Authors
Slinger E, Langemeijer E, Siderius M, Vischer HF, Smit MJ
Title
Herpesvirus-encoded GPCRs rewire cellular signaling.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Murphy PM
Title
Viral exploitation and subversion of the immune system through chemokine mimicry.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Vischer HF, Leurs R, Smit MJ
Title
HCMV-encoded G-protein-coupled receptors as constitutively active modulators of cellular signaling networks.
Journal
Reference
Authors
de Munnik SM, Smit MJ, Leurs R, Vischer HF
Title
Modulation of cellular signaling by herpesvirus-encoded G protein-coupled receptors.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Michelson S
Title
Consequences of human cytomegalovirus mimicry.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Tu CC, Arnolds KL, O'Connor CM, Spencer JV
Title
Human Cytomegalovirus UL111A and US27 Gene Products Enhance the CXCL12/CXCR4 Signaling Axis via Distinct Mechanisms.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Busillo JM, Benovic JL
Title
Regulation of CXCR4 signaling.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Noriega V, Redmann V, Gardner T, Tortorella D
Title
Diverse immune evasion strategies by human cytomegalovirus.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Loureiro J, Ploegh HL
Title
Antigen presentation and the ubiquitin-proteasome system in host-pathogen interactions.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Fortunato EA, McElroy AK, Sanchez I, Spector DH
Title
Exploitation of cellular signaling and regulatory pathways by human cytomegalovirus.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Cinatl J Jr, Scholz M, Doerr HW
Title
Role of tumor cell immune escape mechanisms in cytomegalovirus-mediated oncomodulation.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Cinatl J Jr, Vogel JU, Kotchetkov R, Wilhelm Doerr H
Title
Oncomodulatory signals by regulatory proteins encoded by human cytomegalovirus: a novel role for viral infection in tumor progression.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Castillo JP, Kowalik TF
Title
Human cytomegalovirus immediate early proteins and cell growth control.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Kalejta RF
Title
Human cytomegalovirus pp71: a new viral tool to probe the mechanisms of cell cycle progression and oncogenesis controlled by the retinoblastoma family of tumor suppressors.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Brune W
Title
Inhibition of programmed cell death by cytomegaloviruses.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Brune W, Andoniou CE
Title
Die Another Day: Inhibition of Cell Death Pathways by Cytomegalovirus.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Yamin R, Lecker LSM, Weisblum Y, Vitenshtein A, Le-Trilling VTK, Wolf DG, Mandelboim O
Title
HCMV vCXCL1 Binds Several Chemokine Receptors and Preferentially Attracts Neutrophils over NK Cells by Interacting with CXCR2.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Wang X, Sanchez J, Stone MJ, Payne RJ
Title
Sulfation of the Human Cytomegalovirus Protein UL22A Enhances Binding to the Chemokine RANTES.
Journal
Related pathway
sbq04612 Antigen processing and presentation
sbq04810 Regulation of actin cytoskeleton
KO pathway
LinkDB
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