KEGG   PATHWAY: clud05164
Entry
clud05164                   Pathway                                
Name
Influenza A - Canis lupus dingo (dingo)
Description
Influenza is a contagious respiratory disease caused by influenza virus infection. Influenza A virus is responsible for both annual seasonal epidemics and periodic worldwide pandemics. Novel strains that cause pandemics arise from avian influenza virus by genetic reassortment among influenza viruses and two surface glycoproteins HA and NA form the basis of serologically distinct virus types. The innate immune system recognizes invaded virus through multiple mechanisms. Viral non-structural NS1 protein is a multifunctional virulence factor that interfere IFN-mediated antiviral response. It inhibits IFN production by blocking activation of transcription factors such as NF-kappa B and IRF3. NS1 further inhibits the activation of IFN-induced antiviral genes. PB1-F2 protein is another virulence factor that induce apoptosis of infected cells, which results in life-threatening bronchiolitis.
Class
Human Diseases; Infectious disease: viral
Pathway map
clud05164  Influenza A
clud05164

Organism
Canis lupus dingo (dingo) [GN:clud]
Gene
112640591  tryptase isoform X1 [KO:K01340] [EC:3.4.21.59]
112644398  PLG; plasminogen [KO:K01315] [EC:3.4.21.7]
112650913  PRSS2; trypsin-2 [KO:K01312] [EC:3.4.21.4]
112651020  serine protease 1 [KO:K01312] [EC:3.4.21.4]
112669156  TMPRSS2; transmembrane protease serine 2 [KO:K09633] [EC:3.4.21.122]
112671255  TMPRSS4; transmembrane protease serine 4 isoform X2 [KO:K09635] [EC:3.4.21.-]
112652167  TMPRSS11D; transmembrane protease serine 11D [KO:K09641] [EC:3.4.21.-]
112640230  PRKCB; protein kinase C beta type isoform X1 [KO:K19662] [EC:2.7.11.13]
112676583  OAS1; 2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthase 1 [KO:K14216] [EC:2.7.7.84]
112676584  OAS3; 2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthase 3 [KO:K14216] [EC:2.7.7.84]
112676585  OAS2; 2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthase 2 isoform X1 [KO:K14216] [EC:2.7.7.84]
112648464  RNASEL; 2-5A-dependent ribonuclease isoform X1 [KO:K01165]
112666634  DNAJB1; dnaJ homolog subfamily B member 1 isoform X2 [KO:K09507]
112656125  DNAJC3; dnaJ homolog subfamily C member 3 isoform X2 [KO:K09523]
112664523  EIF2AK2; interferon-induced, double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K16195] [EC:2.7.11.1]
112658058  EIF2S1; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit 1 [KO:K03237]
112655097  TRIM25; E3 ubiquitin/ISG15 ligase TRIM25 [KO:K10652] [EC:2.3.2.27]
112649835  RIGI; antiviral innate immune response receptor RIG-I [KO:K12646] [EC:5.6.2.6]
112674675  IFIH1; interferon-induced helicase C domain-containing protein 1 [KO:K12647] [EC:5.6.2.6]
112671207  NLRX1; NLR family member X1 isoform X1 [KO:K12653]
112673652  MAVS; mitochondrial antiviral-signaling protein [KO:K12648]
112672189  CHUK; inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04467] [EC:2.7.11.10]
112656000  IKBKB; inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit beta isoform X2 [KO:K07209] [EC:2.7.11.10]
112668352  IKBKG; NF-kappa-B essential modulator isoform X6 [KO:K07210]
112645503  NFKBIB; NF-kappa-B inhibitor beta isoform X1 [KO:K02581]
112657364  NFKBIA; NF-kappa-B inhibitor alpha [KO:K04734]
112644595  NFKB1; nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit isoform X3 [KO:K02580]
112659193  RELA; transcription factor p65 isoform X1 [KO:K04735]
112655079  CALCOCO2; calcium-binding and coiled-coil domain-containing protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K21348]
112675199  TLR3; toll-like receptor 3 [KO:K05401]
112666319  TICAM1; TIR domain-containing adapter molecule 1 [KO:K05842]
112656934  TRAF3; TNF receptor-associated factor 3 isoform X1 [KO:K03174]
112677914  TBK1; serine/threonine-protein kinase TBK1 isoform X2 [KO:K05410] [EC:2.7.11.10]
112643194  IKBKE; inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit epsilon isoform X3 [KO:K07211] [EC:2.7.11.10]
112645138  IRF3; interferon regulatory factor 3 isoform X1 [KO:K05411]
112667202  EP300; histone acetyltransferase p300 isoform X1 [KO:K04498] [EC:2.3.1.48]
112640446  CREB-binding protein isoform X2 [KO:K04498] [EC:2.3.1.48]
112650004  TLR4; toll-like receptor 4 isoform X1 [KO:K10160]
112652898  TLR7; toll-like receptor 7 isoform X1 [KO:K05404]
112668882  MYD88; myeloid differentiation primary response protein MyD88 [KO:K04729]
112678201  IRAK4; interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 4 isoform X1 [KO:K04733] [EC:2.7.11.1]
112663568  IRF7; interferon regulatory factor 7 isoform X1 [KO:K09447]
112664387  IL1A; interleukin-1 alpha [KO:K04383]
112664386  IL1B; interleukin-1 beta [KO:K04519]
112670562  IL6; interleukin-6 [KO:K05405]
112645861  IL12A; interleukin-12 subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K05406]
112651834  IL12B; interleukin-12 subunit beta [KO:K05425]
112641287  TNF; tumor necrosis factor [KO:K03156]
112652282  CXCL8; interleukin-8 [KO:K10030]
112655406  C-C motif chemokine 2 [KO:K14624]
112655299  CCL5; C-C motif chemokine 5 [KO:K12499]
112647088  CXCL10; C-X-C motif chemokine 10 [KO:K12671]
125753100  ICAM1; intercellular adhesion molecule 1 [KO:K06490]
112650216  interferon alpha-1/2 [KO:K05414]
112650218  interferon alpha-1/2 [KO:K05414]
112650347  interferon alpha-1/2-like [KO:K05414]
112650391  interferon alpha-1/2-like [KO:K05414]
112650394  interferon alpha-1/2-like [KO:K05414]
112650424  interferon alpha-1/2 [KO:K05414]
112662614  interferon alpha-1/2 [KO:K05414]
112662615  interferon alpha-1/2-like [KO:K05414]
112662616  interferon alpha-2-like [KO:K05414]
112650509  interferon alpha-1/2-like [KO:K05414]
118350223  interferon alpha-3 [KO:K05414]
118350179  interferon alpha-1/2 [KO:K05414]
118350228  interferon alpha-1/2 [KO:K05414]
125756056  interferon alpha-1/2 [KO:K05414]
118350222  interferon alpha-1/2 [KO:K05414]
125756057  interferon alpha-1/2 [KO:K05414]
118350183  interferon alpha-1/2 [KO:K05414]
118350181  interferon alpha-1/2-like [KO:K05414]
112650215  IFNB1; interferon beta [KO:K05415]
112661621  IFNAR1; interferon alpha/beta receptor 1 isoform X1 [KO:K05130]
112661687  IFNAR2; interferon alpha/beta receptor 2 isoform X1 [KO:K05131]
112647170  JAK1; tyrosine-protein kinase JAK1 [KO:K11217] [EC:2.7.10.2]
112666499  TYK2; non-receptor tyrosine-protein kinase TYK2 isoform X1 [KO:K11219] [EC:2.7.10.2]
112672873  SOCS3; suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 [KO:K04696]
112656324  STAT1; signal transducer and activator of transcription 1-alpha/beta [KO:K11220]
112678012  STAT2; signal transducer and activator of transcription 2 isoform X1 [KO:K11221]
112657153  IRF9; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: interferon regulatory factor 9 [KO:K04693]
112669153  MX2; interferon-induced GTP-binding protein Mx2 isoform X1 [KO:K14754]
112669154  MX1; interferon-induced GTP-binding protein Mx1 [KO:K14754]
112648962  ADAR; double-stranded RNA-specific adenosine deaminase isoform X1 [KO:K12968] [EC:3.5.4.37]
112675609  PML; protein PML isoform X1 [KO:K10054] [EC:2.3.2.-]
112677888  IFNG; interferon gamma [KO:K04687]
112644179  IFNGR1; interferon gamma receptor 1 [KO:K05132]
112661608  IFNGR2; interferon gamma receptor 2 isoform X1 [KO:K05133]
112644815  JAK2; tyrosine-protein kinase JAK2 isoform X2 [KO:K04447] [EC:2.7.10.2]
112640376  CIITA; MHC class II transactivator isoform X2 [KO:K08060] [EC:2.7.11.1]
112641371  HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DR alpha chain [KO:K06752]
112641372  DLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DR-1 beta chain [KO:K06752]
112641377  HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DQ beta 2 chain-like [KO:K06752]
112641400  HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DM alpha chain isoform X1 [KO:K06752]
112641401  HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DM beta chain [KO:K06752]
112641403  HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DO alpha chain-like [KO:K06752]
112641374  SLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DQ haplotype D alpha chain-like [KO:K06752]
112641375  HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DQ beta 1 chain [KO:K06752]
112672706  NLRP3; NACHT, LRR and PYD domains-containing protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K12800]
112640139  PYCARD; apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD isoform X1 [KO:K12799]
112671334  IL18; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: interleukin-18 [KO:K05482]
112650819  interleukin-33 [KO:K12967]
125756018  interleukin-33-like [KO:K12967]
112666735  PIK3R2; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit beta [KO:K02649]
112660199  PIK3R1; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K02649]
112642563  PIK3R3; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit gamma isoform X1 [KO:K02649]
112646871  PIK3CD; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta isoform isoform X5 [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
112661215  PIK3CB; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
112662621  PIK3CA; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
112658031  AKT1; RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
112648737  AKT3; RAC-gamma serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
112645463  AKT2; RAC-beta serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
112641579  CCND3; G1/S-specific cyclin-D3 isoform X2 [KO:K10152]
112677962  CDK4; cyclin-dependent kinase 4 [KO:K02089] [EC:2.7.11.22]
112654545  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: cyclin-dependent kinase 4-like [KO:K02089] [EC:2.7.11.22]
112674930  CDK6; cyclin-dependent kinase 6 isoform X1 [KO:K02091] [EC:2.7.11.22]
112645969  TNFSF10; tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 10 isoform X1 [KO:K04721]
112648603  FASLG; tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 6 [KO:K04389]
112656223  FAS; tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 6 isoform X2 [KO:K04390]
112669080  TNFRSF1A; tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 1A isoform X2 [KO:K03158]
112646480  TRADD; tumor necrosis factor receptor type 1-associated DEATH domain protein isoform X1 [KO:K03171]
112663192  FADD; FAS-associated death domain protein isoform X1 [KO:K02373]
112656364  CASP8; caspase-8 isoform X1 [KO:K04398] [EC:3.4.22.61]
112667429  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: BH3-interacting domain death agonist [KO:K04726]
118352478  BID; BH3-interacting domain death agonist isoform X1 [KO:K04726]
112645177  BAX; apoptosis regulator BAX [KO:K02159]
112641425  BAK1; bcl-2 homologous antagonist/killer isoform X1 [KO:K14021]
118350204  VDAC1; voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 1 [KO:K05862]
112671433  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 1-like [KO:K05862]
112649317  SLC25A5; ADP/ATP translocase 2 [KO:K05863]
112651963  SLC25A6; ADP/ATP translocase 3 [KO:K05863]
112675217  SLC25A4; ADP/ATP translocase 1 isoform X1 [KO:K05863]
112642775  SLC25A31; ADP/ATP translocase 4 [KO:K05863]
112670591  cytochrome c [KO:K08738]
112678206  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: cytochrome c-like [KO:K08738]
112653556  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: cytochrome c-like [KO:K08738]
112654697  APAF1; apoptotic protease-activating factor 1 isoform X1 [KO:K02084]
112659987  CASP9; caspase-9 isoform X1 [KO:K04399] [EC:3.4.22.62]
112675231  CASP3; caspase-3 isoform X1 [KO:K02187] [EC:3.4.22.56]
112646283  CPSF4; cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor subunit 4 isoform X1 [KO:K14404]
112673010  CPSF4L; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: putative cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor subunit 4-like protein [KO:K14404]
112656860  polyadenylate-binding protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K14396]
112675663  polyadenylate-binding protein 2 [KO:K14396]
112659465  NXF1; nuclear RNA export factor 1 isoform X2 [KO:K14284]
112649438  nuclear RNA export factor 2-like isoform X1 [KO:K14284]
112649440  nuclear RNA export factor 2-like isoform X1 [KO:K14284]
112649461  nuclear RNA export factor 2 isoform X1 [KO:K14284]
112649408  NXF3; nuclear RNA export factor 3 [KO:K14284]
112649422  nuclear RNA export factor 3-like [KO:K14284]
112649283  NXT2; NTF2-related export protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K14285]
112673471  NXT1; NTF2-related export protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K14285]
112645430  HNRNPUL1; heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein U-like protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K15047]
112674163  RAE1; mRNA export factor RAE1 [KO:K14298]
112667466  NUP98; nuclear pore complex protein Nup98-Nup96 isoform X4 [KO:K14297]
112664889  RSAD2; radical S-adenosyl methionine domain-containing protein 2 [KO:K15045]
112648927  FDPS; farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase isoform X2 [KO:K00787] [EC:2.5.1.1 2.5.1.10]
112652873  PRKCA; protein kinase C alpha type isoform X1 [KO:K02677] [EC:2.7.11.13]
112661394  RAF1; RAF proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04366] [EC:2.7.11.1]
112675721  MAP2K1; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 [KO:K04368] [EC:2.7.12.2]
112666294  MAP2K2; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 2 isoform X1 [KO:K04369] [EC:2.7.12.2]
112640050  MAPK3; mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 isoform X1 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
112677029  MAPK1; mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
112669083  mitogen-activated protein kinase 3-like [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
112646354  ACTB; actin, cytoplasmic 1 isoform X1 [KO:K05692]
112672928  ACTG1; actin, cytoplasmic 2 [KO:K05692]
112653534  actin, cytoplasmic 2-like [KO:K05692]
112675728  RAB11A; ras-related protein Rab-11A [KO:K07904]
112666403  RAB11B; ras-related protein Rab-11B [KO:K07905]
112673124  XPO1; exportin-1 isoform X1 [KO:K14290]
112677286  KPNA1; importin subunit alpha-5 [KO:K23940]
112646294  KPNA7; importin subunit alpha-8 [KO:K15043]
112652972  KPNA2; importin subunit alpha-1 [KO:K15043]
112642782  importin subunit alpha-8-like isoform X1 [KO:K15043]
112644462  KPNA5; importin subunit alpha-6 isoform X1 [KO:K15042]
112660598  KPNA6; importin subunit alpha-7 isoform X1 [KO:K15042]
Compound
C00027  Hydrogen peroxide
C00080  H+
C05981  Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate
Reference
PMID:24225499
  Authors
Edinger TO, Pohl MO, Stertz S
  Title
Entry of influenza A virus: host factors and antiviral targets.
  Journal
J Gen Virol 95:263-77 (2014)
DOI:10.1099/vir.0.059477-0
Reference
PMID:19565019
  Authors
Kido H, Okumura Y, Takahashi E, Pan HY, Wang S, Chida J, Le TQ, Yano M
  Title
Host envelope glycoprotein processing proteases are indispensable for entry into human cells by seasonal and highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses.
  Journal
J Mol Genet Med 3:167-75 (2008)
Reference
PMID:27751627
  Authors
Ramakrishnan B, Viswanathan K, Tharakaraman K, Dancik V, Raman R, Babcock GJ, Shriver Z, Sasisekharan R
  Title
A Structural and Mathematical Modeling Analysis of the Likelihood of Antibody-Dependent Enhancement in Influenza.
  Journal
Trends Microbiol 24:933-943 (2016)
DOI:10.1016/j.tim.2016.09.003
Reference
PMID:18588994
  Authors
Thanh TT, van Doorn HR, de Jong MD
  Title
Human H5N1 influenza: current insight into pathogenesis.
  Journal
Int J Biochem Cell Biol 40:2671-4 (2008)
DOI:10.1016/j.biocel.2008.05.019
Reference
PMID:23977434
  Authors
Michael P, Brabant D, Bleiblo F, Ramana CV, Rutherford M, Khurana S, Tai TC, Kumar A, Kumar A
  Title
Influenza A induced cellular signal transduction pathways.
  Journal
J Thorac Dis 5 Suppl 2:S132-41 (2013)
DOI:10.3978/j.issn.2072-1439.2013.07.42
Reference
PMID:20020828
  Authors
Hale BG, Albrecht RA, Garcia-Sastre A
  Title
Innate immune evasion strategies of influenza viruses.
  Journal
Future Microbiol 5:23-41 (2010)
DOI:10.2217/fmb.09.108
Reference
PMID:21698289
  Authors
Sharma K, Tripathi S, Ranjan P, Kumar P, Garten R, Deyde V, Katz JM, Cox NJ, Lal RB, Sambhara S, Lal SK
  Title
Influenza A virus nucleoprotein exploits Hsp40 to inhibit PKR activation.
  Journal
PLoS One 6:e20215 (2011)
DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0020215
Reference
PMID:19782761
  Authors
Ehrhardt C, Seyer R, Hrincius ER, Eierhoff T, Wolff T, Ludwig S
  Title
Interplay between influenza A virus and the innate immune signaling.
  Journal
Microbes Infect 12:81-7 (2010)
DOI:10.1016/j.micinf.2009.09.007
Reference
PMID:23170167
  Authors
van de Sandt CE, Kreijtz JH, Rimmelzwaan GF
  Title
Evasion of influenza A viruses from innate and adaptive immune responses.
  Journal
Viruses 4:1438-76 (2012)
DOI:10.3390/v4091438
Reference
PMID:30487536
  Authors
Long JS, Mistry B, Haslam SM, Barclay WS
  Title
Host and viral determinants of influenza A virus species specificity.
  Journal
Nat Rev Microbiol 17:67-81 (2019)
DOI:10.1038/s41579-018-0115-z
Reference
PMID:29556226
  Authors
Chen X, Liu S, Goraya MU, Maarouf M, Huang S, Chen JL
  Title
Host Immune Response to Influenza A Virus Infection.
  Journal
Front Immunol 9:320 (2018)
DOI:10.3389/fimmu.2018.00320
Reference
PMID:20130137
  Authors
Lu X, Masic A, Li Y, Shin Y, Liu Q, Zhou Y
  Title
The PI3K/Akt pathway inhibits influenza A virus-induced Bax-mediated apoptosis by negatively regulating the JNK pathway via ASK1.
  Journal
J Gen Virol 91:1439-49 (2010)
DOI:10.1099/vir.0.018465-0
Reference
PMID:18980544
  Authors
Ichinohe T, Iwasaki A, Hasegawa H
  Title
Innate sensors of influenza virus: clues to developing better intranasal vaccines.
  Journal
Expert Rev Vaccines 7:1435-45 (2008)
DOI:10.1586/14760584.7.9.1435
Reference
PMID:27231932
  Authors
Le Sage V, Cinti A, Amorim R, Mouland AJ
  Title
Adapting the Stress Response: Viral Subversion of the mTOR Signaling Pathway.
  Journal
Viruses 8:E152 (2016)
DOI:10.3390/v8060152
Reference
PMID:30510918
  Authors
Fan Y, Sanyal S, Bruzzone R
  Title
Breaking Bad: How Viruses Subvert the Cell Cycle.
  Journal
Front Cell Infect Microbiol 8:396 (2018)
DOI:10.3389/fcimb.2018.00396
Reference
PMID:21971186
  Authors
Varga ZT, Palese P
  Title
The influenza A virus protein PB1-F2: killing two birds with one stone?
  Journal
Virulence 2:542-6 (2011)
DOI:10.4161/viru.2.6.17812
Reference
PMID:30254192
  Authors
Atkin-Smith GK, Duan M, Chen W, Poon IKH
  Title
The induction and consequences of Influenza A virus-induced cell death.
  Journal
Cell Death Dis 9:1002 (2018)
DOI:10.1038/s41419-018-1035-6
Reference
PMID:30545063
  Authors
Nogales A, Martinez-Sobrido L, Topham DJ, DeDiego ML
  Title
Modulation of Innate Immune Responses by the Influenza A NS1 and PA-X Proteins.
  Journal
Viruses 10:E708 (2018)
DOI:10.3390/v10120708
Reference
PMID:21253874
  Authors
Dai X, Zhang L, Hong T
  Title
Host cellular signaling induced by influenza virus.
  Journal
Sci China Life Sci 54:68-74 (2011)
DOI:10.1007/s11427-010-4116-z
Reference
PMID:26008706
  Authors
Li J, Yu M, Zheng W, Liu W
  Title
Nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of influenza A virus proteins.
  Journal
Viruses 7:2668-82 (2015)
DOI:10.3390/v7052668
Reference
PMID:30079062
  Authors
Dou D, Revol R, Ostbye H, Wang H, Daniels R
  Title
Influenza A Virus Cell Entry, Replication, Virion Assembly and Movement.
  Journal
Front Immunol 9:1581 (2018)
DOI:10.3389/fimmu.2018.01581
Reference
PMID:23236273
  Authors
Paterson D, Fodor E
  Title
Emerging roles for the influenza A virus nuclear export protein (NEP).
  Journal
PLoS Pathog 8:e1003019 (2012)
DOI:10.1371/journal.ppat.1003019
Related
pathway
clud00900  Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis
clud03013  Nucleocytoplasmic transport
clud03015  mRNA surveillance pathway
clud04010  MAPK signaling pathway
clud04110  Cell cycle
clud04144  Endocytosis
clud04210  Apoptosis
clud04620  Toll-like receptor signaling pathway
clud04621  NOD-like receptor signaling pathway
clud04622  RIG-I-like receptor signaling pathway
clud04630  JAK-STAT signaling pathway
clud05416  Viral myocarditis
KO pathway
ko05164   
LinkDB

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