KEGG   PATHWAY: biu04014
Entry
biu04014                    Pathway                                
Name
Ras signaling pathway - Bos indicus (zebu cattle)
Description
The Ras proteins are GTPases that function as molecular switches for signaling pathways regulating cell proliferation, survival, growth, migration, differentiation or cytoskeletal dynamism. Ras proteins transduce signals from extracellular growth factors by cycling between inactive GDP-bound and active GTP-bound states. The exchange of GTP for GDP on RAS is regulated by guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) and GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs). Activated RAS (RAS-GTP) regulates multiple cellular functions through effectors including Raf, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and Ral guanine nucleotide-dissociation stimulator (RALGDS).
Class
Environmental Information Processing; Signal transduction
Pathway map
biu04014  Ras signaling pathway
biu04014

Other DBs
GO: 0032318
Organism
Bos indicus (zebu cattle) [GN:biu]
Gene
109559983  EGF; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: pro-epidermal growth factor [KO:K04357]
109565956  TGFA; protransforming growth factor alpha isoform X1 [KO:K08774]
109562156  FGF1; fibroblast growth factor 1 isoform X1 [KO:K18496]
109570879  FGF2; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: fibroblast growth factor 2 [KO:K18497]
109565142  FGF7; fibroblast growth factor 7 [KO:K04358]
109554256  fibroblast growth factor 4-like [KO:K04358]
109553379  FGF20; fibroblast growth factor 20 [KO:K04358]
109579084  FGF8; fibroblast growth factor 8 [KO:K04358]
109567047  FGF9; fibroblast growth factor 9 [KO:K04358]
109575026  FGF18; fibroblast growth factor 18 [KO:K04358]
109575038  FGF10; fibroblast growth factor 10 [KO:K04358]
109555562  FGF16; fibroblast growth factor 16 [KO:K04358]
109559742  FGF6; fibroblast growth factor 6 [KO:K04358]
109561058  FGF22; fibroblast growth factor 22 [KO:K04358]
109554150  FGF19; fibroblast growth factor 19 [KO:K22603]
109572074  FGF21; fibroblast growth factor 21 [KO:K22429]
109559743  FGF23; fibroblast growth factor 23 [KO:K22428]
109555882  NGF; beta-nerve growth factor [KO:K02582]
109569212  BDNF; brain-derived neurotrophic factor [KO:K04355]
109559734  NTF3; neurotrophin-3 [KO:K04356]
109571969  NTF4; neurotrophin-4 [KO:K12457]
109571970  neurotrophin-4-like [KO:K12457]
109554336  INS; insulin isoform X1 [KO:K04526]
109559448  IGF1; insulin-like growth factor I isoform X1 [KO:K05459]
109554335  IGF2; insulin-like growth factor II isoform X1 [KO:K13769]
109578611  PDGFA; platelet-derived growth factor subunit A isoform X1 [KO:K04359]
109558630  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: platelet-derived growth factor subunit B-like [KO:K17386]
109559825  platelet-derived growth factor subunit B isoform X1 [KO:K17386]
109571395  PDGFC; platelet-derived growth factor C isoform X1 [KO:K05450]
109569805  PDGFD; platelet-derived growth factor D isoform X1 [KO:K05450]
109555962  CSF1; macrophage colony-stimulating factor 1 isoform X1 [KO:K05453]
109558333  KITLG; kit ligand [KO:K05461]
109572992  FLT3LG; fms-related tyrosine kinase 3 ligand isoform X1 [KO:K05454]
109576576  VEGFA; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: vascular endothelial growth factor A [KO:K05448]
109554117  VEGFB; vascular endothelial growth factor B [KO:K16858]
109565356  PGF; placenta growth factor isoform X1 [KO:K16859]
109555471  VEGFD; vascular endothelial growth factor D isoform X1 [KO:K05449]
109553526  VEGFC; vascular endothelial growth factor C [KO:K05449]
109557878  HGF; hepatocyte growth factor [KO:K05460]
109568635  ANGPT1; angiopoietin-1 [KO:K05465]
109553451  ANGPT2; angiopoietin-2 [KO:K05466]
109567329  ANGPT4; angiopoietin-4 [KO:K05467]
109562374  EFNA5; ephrin-A5 isoform X1 [KO:K05462]
109553755  EFNA1; ephrin-A1 [KO:K05462]
109553774  EFNA3; ephrin-A3 isoform X1 [KO:K05462]
109553783  EFNA4; ephrin-A4 isoform X1 [KO:K05462]
109561985  EFNA2; ephrin-A2 [KO:K05462]
109576048  EGFR; epidermal growth factor receptor [KO:K04361] [EC:2.7.10.1]
109553304  FGFR1; fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04362] [EC:2.7.10.1]
109553142  FGFR2; fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 isoform X1 [KO:K05093] [EC:2.7.10.1]
109560724  FGFR3; fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 isoform X1 [KO:K05094] [EC:2.7.10.1]
109561893  FGFR4; fibroblast growth factor receptor 4 isoform X1 [KO:K05095] [EC:2.7.10.1]
109574393  NGFR; tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 16 [KO:K02583]
109556725  NTRK1; high affinity nerve growth factor receptor [KO:K03176] [EC:2.7.10.1]
109563216  NTRK2; BDNF/NT-3 growth factors receptor isoform X1 [KO:K04360] [EC:2.7.10.1]
109575129  insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor [KO:K05087] [EC:2.7.10.1]
109560475  PDGFRA; platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha [KO:K04363] [EC:2.7.10.1]
109562197  PDGFRB; platelet-derived growth factor receptor beta isoform X1 [KO:K05089] [EC:2.7.10.1]
109562194  CSF1R; macrophage colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor [KO:K05090] [EC:2.7.10.1]
109560477  KIT; mast/stem cell growth factor receptor Kit isoform X1 [KO:K05091] [EC:2.7.10.1]
109567013  FLT3; receptor-type tyrosine-protein kinase FLT3 [KO:K05092] [EC:2.7.10.1]
109566823  FLT1; vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 [KO:K05096] [EC:2.7.10.1]
109561327  FLT4; vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 3 isoform X1 [KO:K05097] [EC:2.7.10.1]
109560478  KDR; vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 [KO:K05098] [EC:2.7.10.1]
109557411  MET; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: hepatocyte growth factor receptor [KO:K05099] [EC:2.7.10.1]
109562825  TEK; angiopoietin-1 receptor isoform X1 [KO:K05121] [EC:2.7.10.1]
109574718  EPHA2; ephrin type-A receptor 2 [KO:K05103] [EC:2.7.10.1]
109574040  GRB2; growth factor receptor-bound protein 2 [KO:K04364]
109571216  GAB1; GRB2-associated-binding protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K09593]
109554314  GAB2; GRB2-associated-binding protein 2 [KO:K08091]
109553931  SHC1; SHC-transforming protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K06279]
109561056  SHC2; SHC-transforming protein 2 [KO:K17447]
109562580  SHC3; SHC-transforming protein 3 [KO:K17448]
109565147  SHC4; SHC-transforming protein 4 [KO:K17449]
109570927  PTPN11; tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 11 [KO:K07293] [EC:3.1.3.48]
109570168  tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 11-like [KO:K07293] [EC:3.1.3.48]
109566002  SOS1; son of sevenless homolog 1 isoform X1 [KO:K03099]
109564346  SOS2; son of sevenless homolog 2 [KO:K03099]
109567698  PLCG1; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase gamma-1 [KO:K01116] [EC:3.1.4.11]
109572707  PLCG2; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase gamma-2 isoform X1 [KO:K05859] [EC:3.1.4.11]
109564913  RASGRP1; RAS guanyl-releasing protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04350]
109554073  RAS guanyl-releasing protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K12361]
109554125  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: RAS guanyl-releasing protein 2-like [KO:K12361]
109565967  RASGRP3; ras guanyl-releasing protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K12362]
109571998  RASGRP4; RAS guanyl-releasing protein 4 isoform X1 [KO:K12363]
109565800  tyrosine-protein kinase ZAP-70 isoform X1 [KO:K07360] [EC:2.7.10.2]
109578681  LAT; linker for activation of T-cells family member 1 isoform X1 [KO:K07362]
109553243  HTR7; 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 7 [KO:K04163]
109570386  GNB1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-1 [KO:K04536]
109578415  GNB2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-2 [KO:K04537]
109558919  GNB3; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-3 isoform X1 [KO:K07825]
109557856  GNB4; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit beta-4 [KO:K04538]
109565125  GNB5; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit beta-5 [KO:K04539]
109554309  GNG3; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-3 [KO:K04540]
109553666  GNG4; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-4 [KO:K04541]
109556134  GNG5; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-5 [KO:K04542]
109561787  GNG7; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-7 [KO:K04543]
109573005  GNG8; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-8 [KO:K04544]
109558211  GNG11; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-11 [KO:K04546]
109556958  guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-11 [KO:K04546]
109561546  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: uncharacterized LOC105372280 homolog [KO:K04347]
109556175  GNG12; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-12 [KO:K04347]
109578787  GNG13; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-13 [KO:K04547]
109558062  GNGT1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(T) subunit gamma-T1 [KO:K04548]
109574071  GNGT2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-T2 [KO:K04549]
109556827  PRKACB; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit beta [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
109561498  PRKACA; cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
109575777  RASGRF1; ras-specific guanine nucleotide-releasing factor 1 [KO:K04349]
109561127  RASGRF2; ras-specific guanine nucleotide-releasing factor 2 [KO:K12326]
109578088  GRIN2A; glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A [KO:K05209]
109559635  GRIN2B; glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2B [KO:K05210]
109565417  CALM1; calmodulin [KO:K02183]
109575003  calmodulin-alpha-like [KO:K02183]
109566056  CALM2; calmodulin [KO:K02183]
109568081  calmodulin-like [KO:K02183]
109570679  CALML6; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: calmodulin-like protein 6 [KO:K02183]
109572535  CALM3; calmodulin isoform X1 [KO:K02183]
109564712  CALML4; calmodulin-like protein 4 isoform X1 [KO:K02183]
109560940  GTPase HRas-like [KO:K02833]
109559581  KRAS; GTPase KRas isoform X1 [KO:K07827]
109555890  NRAS; GTPase NRas [KO:K07828]
109559860  MRAS; ras-related protein M-Ras [KO:K07831]
109572222  RRAS; ras-related protein R-Ras [KO:K07829]
109569777  RRAS2; ras-related protein R-Ras2 [KO:K07830]
109573187  NF1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: neurofibromin [KO:K08052]
109562314  RASA1; ras GTPase-activating protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04352]
109559667  RASA2; ras GTPase-activating protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K08053]
109567109  RASA3; ras GTPase-activating protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K12380]
109578676  RASA4B; ras GTPase-activating protein 4B [KO:K17630]
109576581  SYNGAP1; ras/Rap GTPase-activating protein SynGAP isoform X1 [KO:K17631]
109571294  RASAL1; rasGAP-activating-like protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K17632]
109570518  RASAL2; ras GTPase-activating protein nGAP isoform X1 [KO:K17633]
109561478  RASAL3; RAS protein activator like-3 [KO:K17634]
109576291  RASSF1; ras association domain-containing protein 1 [KO:K09850]
109570657  RASSF5; ras association domain-containing protein 5 isoform X1 [KO:K08015]
109567475  STK4; serine/threonine-protein kinase 4 [KO:K04411]
109562052  TIAM1; T-lymphoma invasion and metastasis-inducing protein 1 [KO:K05731]
109578192  RAC1; ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 [KO:K04392]
109559531  RAC2; ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 2 [KO:K07860]
109574290  RAC3; ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 3 [KO:K07861]
109554525  PAK1; serine/threonine-protein kinase PAK 1 [KO:K04409] [EC:2.7.11.1]
109555415  PAK3; serine/threonine-protein kinase PAK 3 [KO:K05733] [EC:2.7.11.1]
109567943  PAK5; serine/threonine-protein kinase PAK 5 [KO:K05736] [EC:2.7.11.1]
109564925  PAK6; serine/threonine-protein kinase PAK 6 [KO:K05735] [EC:2.7.11.1]
109576171  RHOA; transforming protein RhoA [KO:K04513]
109559805  PIK3CB; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
109570415  PIK3CD; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
109557823  PIK3CA; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
109574805  PIK3R1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit alpha [KO:K02649]
109561418  PIK3R2; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit beta [KO:K02649]
109556345  phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit gamma [KO:K02649]
109572496  AKT2; RAC-beta serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
109570286  AKT3; RAC-gamma serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
109553086  CHUK; inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04467] [EC:2.7.11.10]
109553353  IKBKB; inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit beta [KO:K07209] [EC:2.7.11.10]
109560296  NFKB1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit [KO:K02580]
109554392  RELA; transcription factor p65 [KO:K04735]
109554386  BAD; bcl2-associated agonist of cell death [KO:K02158]
109567345  BCL2L1; bcl-2-like protein 1 [KO:K04570]
109565507  bcl-2-like protein 1 [KO:K04570]
109555250  FOXO4; forkhead box protein O4 [KO:K12358]
109570480  tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 6 [KO:K04389]
109570785  FASLG; tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 6 [KO:K04389]
109575379  RALGAPA1; ral GTPase-activating protein subunit alpha-1 isoform X1 [KO:K25768]
109568045  RALGAPA2; ral GTPase-activating protein subunit alpha-2 isoform X1 [KO:K25768]
109567445  RALGAPB; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: ral GTPase-activating protein subunit beta [KO:K25769]
109565671  RALGDS; ral guanine nucleotide dissociation stimulator [KO:K08732]
109565672  ral guanine nucleotide dissociation stimulator-like [KO:K08732]
109570528  RGL1; ral guanine nucleotide dissociation stimulator-like 1 [KO:K17635]
109576584  RGL2; ral guanine nucleotide dissociation stimulator-like 2 isoform X1 [KO:K17636]
109557564  RALA; ras-related protein Ral-A [KO:K07834]
109568603  RALB; ras-related protein Ral-B [KO:K07835]
109574235  PLD2; phospholipase D2 [KO:K01115] [EC:3.1.4.4]
109558091  PLD1; phospholipase D1 isoform X1 [KO:K01115] [EC:3.1.4.4]
109577028  EXOC2; exocyst complex component 2 isoform X1 [KO:K17637]
109559273  TBK1; serine/threonine-protein kinase TBK1 [KO:K05410] [EC:2.7.11.10]
109566102  REL; proto-oncogene c-Rel [KO:K09254]
109561331  MAPK9; mitogen-activated protein kinase 9 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
109560650  MAPK10; mitogen-activated protein kinase 10 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
109553773  MAPK8; mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
109577855  RALBP1; ralA-binding protein 1 [KO:K08773]
109574100  CDC42; cell division control protein 42 homolog [KO:K04393]
109564121  AFDN; afadin isoform X1 [KO:K05702]
109578998  SHOC2; leucine-rich repeat protein SHOC-2 [KO:K19613]
109576053  RAF1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: RAF proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04366] [EC:2.7.11.1]
109564697  MAP2K1; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04368] [EC:2.7.12.2]
109561751  MAP2K2; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 2 [KO:K04369] [EC:2.7.12.2]
109578667  MAPK3; mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
109570973  MAPK1; mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
109577314  PLA1A; phospholipase A1 member A [KO:K13618] [EC:3.1.1.111]
109571554  PLA2G3; group 3 secretory phospholipase A2 [KO:K01047] [EC:3.1.1.4]
109574345  PLA2G2C; putative inactive group IIC secretory phospholipase A2 [KO:K01047] [EC:3.1.1.4]
109574360  group IID secretory phospholipase A2-like [KO:K01047] [EC:3.1.1.4]
109574371  group IID secretory phospholipase A2-like isoform X1 [KO:K01047] [EC:3.1.1.4]
109574385  phospholipase A2, membrane associated [KO:K01047] [EC:3.1.1.4]
109560256  PLA2G12A; group XIIA secretory phospholipase A2 [KO:K01047] [EC:3.1.1.4]
109553906  PLA2G12B; group XIIB secretory phospholipase A2-like protein isoform X1 [KO:K01047] [EC:3.1.1.4]
109571006  PLA2G1B; phospholipase A2 [KO:K01047] [EC:3.1.1.4]
109577162  PLA2G2F; group IIF secretory phospholipase A2 [KO:K01047] [EC:3.1.1.4]
109577170  PLA2G5; calcium-dependent phospholipase A2 [KO:K01047] [EC:3.1.1.4]
109577179  phospholipase A2, membrane associated-like [KO:K01047] [EC:3.1.1.4]
109577185  phospholipase A2, membrane associated-like [KO:K01047] [EC:3.1.1.4]
109577193  PLA2G2E; group IIE secretory phospholipase A2 [KO:K01047] [EC:3.1.1.4]
109578520  PLA2G10; group 10 secretory phospholipase A2 isoform X1 [KO:K01047] [EC:3.1.1.4]
109570696  PLA2G4A; cytosolic phospholipase A2 [KO:K16342] [EC:3.1.1.4]
109564977  PLA2G4B; cytosolic phospholipase A2 beta [KO:K16342] [EC:3.1.1.4]
109564980  PLA2G4E; cytosolic phospholipase A2 epsilon [KO:K16342] [EC:3.1.1.4]
109564981  PLA2G4D; cytosolic phospholipase A2 delta [KO:K16342] [EC:3.1.1.4]
109564982  PLA2G4F; cytosolic phospholipase A2 zeta [KO:K16342] [EC:3.1.1.4]
109559808  PLA2G6; 85/88 kDa calcium-independent phospholipase A2 isoform X1 [KO:K16343] [EC:3.1.1.4]
109554337  HRAS-like suppressor 3 [KO:K16817] [EC:3.1.1.32 3.1.1.4]
109554705  HRAS-like suppressor 3 isoform X1 [KO:K16817] [EC:3.1.1.32 3.1.1.4]
109554185  HRAS-like suppressor 3 [KO:K16817] [EC:3.1.1.32 3.1.1.4]
109555031  ELK1; ETS domain-containing protein Elk-1 isoform X1 [KO:K04375]
109554352  ETS1; protein C-ets-1 isoform X1 [KO:K02678]
109563443  ETS2; protein C-ets-2 [KO:K21932]
109571078  BRAP; BRCA1-associated protein [KO:K10632] [EC:2.3.2.27]
109573833  KSR1; kinase suppressor of Ras 1 isoform X1 [KO:K14958]
109571544  KSR2; kinase suppressor of Ras 2 [KO:K18529] [EC:2.7.11.1]
109557298  RAPGEF5; rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 5 isoform X1 [KO:K08019]
109555931  RAP1A; ras-related protein Rap-1A [KO:K04353]
109559248  RAP1B; ras-related protein Rap-1b [KO:K07836]
109553155  PLCE1; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase epsilon-1 isoform X1 [KO:K05860] [EC:3.1.4.11]
109573366  PRKCA; protein kinase C alpha type [KO:K02677] [EC:2.7.11.13]
109578560  PRKCB; protein kinase C beta type isoform X1 [KO:K19662] [EC:2.7.11.13]
109572998  PRKCG; protein kinase C gamma type [KO:K19663] [EC:2.7.11.13]
109554462  RIN1; ras and Rab interactor 1 [KO:K17638]
109566554  ABL1; tyrosine-protein kinase ABL1 [KO:K06619] [EC:2.7.10.2]
109570619  ABL2; Abelson tyrosine-protein kinase 2 isoform X1 [KO:K08887] [EC:2.7.10.2]
109561892  RAB5A; ras-related protein Rab-5A [KO:K07887]
109559382  RAB5B; ras-related protein Rab-5B [KO:K07888]
109574120  RAB5C; ras-related protein Rab-5C [KO:K07889]
109565013  ARF6; ADP-ribosylation factor 6 [KO:K07941]
Compound
C00035  GDP
C00044  GTP
C00076  Calcium cation
C00165  Diacylglycerol
C00575  3',5'-Cyclic AMP
C01245  D-myo-Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate
C05981  Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate
Reference
PMID:18568040
  Authors
Karnoub AE, Weinberg RA
  Title
Ras oncogenes: split personalities.
  Journal
Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 9:517-31 (2008)
DOI:10.1038/nrm2438
Reference
PMID:12778136
  Authors
Malumbres M, Barbacid M
  Title
RAS oncogenes: the first 30 years.
  Journal
Nat Rev Cancer 3:459-65 (2003)
DOI:10.1038/nrc1097
Reference
PMID:21686117
  Authors
Cox AD, Der CJ
  Title
Ras history: The saga continues.
  Journal
Small GTPases 1:2-27 (2010)
DOI:10.4161/sgtp.1.1.12178
Reference
PMID:12642680
  Authors
Cox AD, Der CJ
  Title
Ras family signaling: therapeutic targeting.
  Journal
Cancer Biol Ther 1:599-606 (2002)
DOI:10.4161/cbt.306
Reference
PMID:17428555
  Authors
Rajalingam K, Schreck R, Rapp UR, Albert S
  Title
Ras oncogenes and their downstream targets.
  Journal
Biochim Biophys Acta 1773:1177-95 (2007)
DOI:10.1016/j.bbamcr.2007.01.012
Reference
PMID:17384584
  Authors
Schubbert S, Shannon K, Bollag G
  Title
Hyperactive Ras in developmental disorders and cancer.
  Journal
Nat Rev Cancer 7:295-308 (2007)
DOI:10.1038/nrc2109
Reference
PMID:22233291
  Authors
Poulogiannis G, Luo F, Arends MJ
  Title
RAS signalling in the colorectum in health and disease.
  Journal
Cell Commun Adhes 19:1-9 (2012)
DOI:10.3109/15419061.2011.649380
Reference
PMID:22020205
  Authors
Berndt N, Hamilton AD, Sebti SM
  Title
Targeting protein prenylation for cancer therapy.
  Journal
Nat Rev Cancer 11:775-91 (2011)
DOI:10.1038/nrc3151
Reference
PMID:21196257
  Authors
Overmeyer JH, Maltese WA
  Title
Death pathways triggered by activated Ras in cancer cells.
  Journal
Front Biosci (Landmark Ed) 16:1693-713 (2011)
DOI:10.2741/3814
Reference
PMID:16869784
  Authors
Rodriguez-Viciana P, Tetsu O, Oda K, Okada J, Rauen K, McCormick F
  Title
Cancer targets in the Ras pathway.
  Journal
Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol 70:461-7 (2005)
DOI:10.1101/sqb.2005.70.044
Reference
PMID:14663478
  Authors
Cox AD, Der CJ
  Title
The dark side of Ras: regulation of apoptosis.
  Journal
Oncogene 22:8999-9006 (2003)
DOI:10.1038/sj.onc.1207111
Reference
PMID:18413813
  Authors
Braun BS, Shannon K
  Title
Targeting Ras in myeloid leukemias.
  Journal
Clin Cancer Res 14:2249-52 (2008)
DOI:10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-07-1005
Reference
PMID:20420946
  Authors
Pino MS, Chung DC
  Title
The chromosomal instability pathway in colon cancer.
  Journal
Gastroenterology 138:2059-72 (2010)
DOI:10.1053/j.gastro.2009.12.065
Reference
PMID:12217381
  Authors
Schrader JW, Schallhorn A, Grill B, Guo X
  Title
Activation of small GTPases of the Ras and Rho family by growth factors active on mast cells.
  Journal
Mol Immunol 38:1181-6 (2002)
DOI:10.1016/S0161-5890(02)00060-3
Reference
PMID:22189424
  Authors
Ahearn IM, Haigis K, Bar-Sagi D, Philips MR
  Title
Regulating the regulator: post-translational modification of RAS.
  Journal
Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 13:39-51 (2012)
DOI:10.1038/nrm3255
Reference
PMID:11313946
  Authors
Ehrhardt GR, Korherr C, Wieler JS, Knaus M, Schrader JW
  Title
A novel potential effector of M-Ras and p21 Ras negatively regulates p21 Ras-mediated gene induction and cell growth.
  Journal
Oncogene 20:188-97 (2001)
DOI:10.1038/sj.onc.1204053
Reference
PMID:16966426
  Authors
Goldfinger LE, Ptak C, Jeffery ED, Shabanowitz J, Hunt DF, Ginsberg MH
  Title
RLIP76 (RalBP1) is an R-Ras effector that mediates adhesion-dependent Rac activation and cell migration.
  Journal
J Cell Biol 174:877-88 (2006)
DOI:10.1083/jcb.200603111
Reference
PMID:23506953
  Authors
Kortum RL, Rouquette-Jazdanian AK, Samelson LE
  Title
Ras and extracellular signal-regulated kinase signaling in thymocytes and T cells.
  Journal
Trends Immunol 34:259-68 (2013)
DOI:10.1016/j.it.2013.02.004
Reference
PMID:15572660
  Authors
Roberts DM, Anderson AL, Hidaka M, Swetenburg RL, Patterson C, Stanford WL, Bautch VL
  Title
A vascular gene trap screen defines RasGRP3 as an angiogenesis-regulated gene required for the endothelial response to phorbol esters.
  Journal
Mol Cell Biol 24:10515-28 (2004)
DOI:10.1128/MCB.24.24.10515-10528.2004
Reference
PMID:10712923
  Authors
Reuther GW, Der CJ
  Title
The Ras branch of small GTPases: Ras family members don't fall far from the tree.
  Journal
Curr Opin Cell Biol 12:157-65 (2000)
DOI:10.1016/S0955-0674(99)00071-X
Reference
PMID:21111786
  Authors
Fernandez-Medarde A, Santos E
  Title
The RasGrf family of mammalian guanine nucleotide exchange factors.
  Journal
Biochim Biophys Acta 1815:170-88 (2011)
DOI:10.1016/j.bbcan.2010.11.001
Reference
PMID:18437264
  Authors
Iwashita S, Song SY
  Title
RasGAPs: a crucial regulator of extracellular stimuli for homeostasis of cellular functions.
  Journal
Mol Biosyst 4:213-22 (2008)
DOI:10.1039/b716357f
Reference
PMID:15062121
  Authors
Ory S, Morrison DK
  Title
Signal transduction: implications for Ras-dependent ERK signaling.
  Journal
Curr Biol 14:R277-8 (2004)
DOI:10.1016/j.cub.2004.03.023
Reference
PMID:19091743
  Authors
Matheny SA, White MA
  Title
Signaling threshold regulation by the Ras effector IMP.
  Journal
J Biol Chem 284:11007-11 (2009)
DOI:10.1074/jbc.R800082200
Reference
PMID:20602996
  Authors
Lemmon MA, Schlessinger J
  Title
Cell signaling by receptor tyrosine kinases.
  Journal
Cell 141:1117-34 (2010)
DOI:10.1016/j.cell.2010.06.011
Reference
PMID:22367796
  Authors
Skaper SD
  Title
The neurotrophin family of neurotrophic factors: an overview.
  Journal
Methods Mol Biol 846:1-12 (2012)
DOI:10.1007/978-1-61779-536-7_1
Reference
PMID:34074494
  Authors
Apken LH, Oeckinghaus A
  Title
The RAL signaling network: Cancer and beyond.
  Journal
Int Rev Cell Mol Biol 361:21-105 (2021)
DOI:10.1016/bs.ircmb.2020.10.005
Related
pathway
biu04010  MAPK signaling pathway
biu04015  Rap1 signaling pathway
biu04020  Calcium signaling pathway
biu04144  Endocytosis
biu04151  PI3K-Akt signaling pathway
biu04660  T cell receptor signaling pathway
biu04720  Long-term potentiation
biu04810  Regulation of actin cytoskeleton
KO pathway
ko04014   
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