KEGG   PATHWAY: oor05164
Entry
oor05164                    Pathway                                
Name
Influenza A - Orcinus orca (killer whale)
Description
Influenza is a contagious respiratory disease caused by influenza virus infection. Influenza A virus is responsible for both annual seasonal epidemics and periodic worldwide pandemics. Novel strains that cause pandemics arise from avian influenza virus by genetic reassortment among influenza viruses and two surface glycoproteins HA and NA form the basis of serologically distinct virus types. The innate immune system recognizes invaded virus through multiple mechanisms. Viral non-structural NS1 protein is a multifunctional virulence factor that interfere IFN-mediated antiviral response. It inhibits IFN production by blocking activation of transcription factors such as NF-kappa B and IRF3. NS1 further inhibits the activation of IFN-induced antiviral genes. PB1-F2 protein is another virulence factor that induce apoptosis of infected cells, which results in life-threatening bronchiolitis.
Class
Human Diseases; Infectious disease: viral
Pathway map
oor05164  Influenza A
oor05164

Organism
Orcinus orca (killer whale) [GN:oor]
Gene
101285596  tryptase-like [KO:K01340] [EC:3.4.21.59]
101277612  PLG; plasminogen [KO:K01315] [EC:3.4.21.7]
101274113  trypsin-like [KO:K01312] [EC:3.4.21.4]
105748113  PRSS2; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: trypsin-2 [KO:K01312] [EC:3.4.21.4]
101283194  TMPRSS2; transmembrane protease serine 2 isoform X2 [KO:K09633] [EC:3.4.21.122]
101284924  TMPRSS4; transmembrane protease serine 4 isoform X1 [KO:K09635] [EC:3.4.21.-]
101278313  TMPRSS11D; transmembrane protease serine 11D [KO:K09641] [EC:3.4.21.-]
101277002  PRKCB; protein kinase C beta type isoform X1 [KO:K19662] [EC:2.7.11.13]
101289192  2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthase 1 isoform X2 [KO:K14216] [EC:2.7.7.84]
101277868  OAS2; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: 2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthase 2 [KO:K14216] [EC:2.7.7.84]
101286130  RNASEL; 2-5A-dependent ribonuclease isoform X2 [KO:K01165]
101270063  DNAJB1; dnaJ homolog subfamily B member 1 [KO:K09507]
101271276  DNAJC3; dnaJ homolog subfamily C member 3 isoform X1 [KO:K09523]
101270256  EIF2AK2; interferon-induced, double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K16195] [EC:2.7.11.1]
101281288  EIF2S1; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit 1 [KO:K03237]
101287056  TRIM25; E3 ubiquitin/ISG15 ligase TRIM25 isoform X1 [KO:K10652] [EC:2.3.2.27]
101277446  RIGI; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: antiviral innate immune response receptor RIG-I [KO:K12646] [EC:5.6.2.6]
101271323  IFIH1; interferon-induced helicase C domain-containing protein 1 isoform X2 [KO:K12647] [EC:5.6.2.6]
101270537  NLRX1; NLR family member X1 isoform X3 [KO:K12653]
101284556  MAVS; mitochondrial antiviral-signaling protein isoform X4 [KO:K12648]
101281072  CHUK; inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04467] [EC:2.7.11.10]
101285763  IKBKB; inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit beta isoform X1 [KO:K07209] [EC:2.7.11.10]
101272428  IKBKG; NF-kappa-B essential modulator isoform X1 [KO:K07210]
101279981  NFKBIB; NF-kappa-B inhibitor beta [KO:K02581]
101289477  NFKBIA; NF-kappa-B inhibitor alpha [KO:K04734]
101279857  NFKB1; nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit isoform X1 [KO:K02580]
101270342  RELA; transcription factor p65 isoform X1 [KO:K04735]
101286656  CALCOCO2; calcium-binding and coiled-coil domain-containing protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K21348]
101278583  TLR3; toll-like receptor 3 [KO:K05401]
101271374  TICAM1; TIR domain-containing adapter molecule 1 [KO:K05842]
101288184  TRAF3; TNF receptor-associated factor 3 isoform X1 [KO:K03174]
101290315  TBK1; serine/threonine-protein kinase TBK1 [KO:K05410] [EC:2.7.11.10]
101273673  IKBKE; inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit epsilon isoform X4 [KO:K07211] [EC:2.7.11.10]
101272168  IRF3; interferon regulatory factor 3 [KO:K05411]
101281894  CREBBP; CREB-binding protein isoform X2 [KO:K04498] [EC:2.3.1.48]
101287751  EP300; histone acetyltransferase p300 [KO:K04498] [EC:2.3.1.48]
101282217  TLR4; toll-like receptor 4 isoform X1 [KO:K10160]
101287353  TLR7; toll-like receptor 7 isoform X1 [KO:K05404]
101278425  MYD88; myeloid differentiation primary response protein MyD88 isoform X1 [KO:K04729]
101283238  IRAK4; interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 4 isoform X1 [KO:K04733] [EC:2.7.11.1]
101277458  IRF7; interferon regulatory factor 7 isoform X1 [KO:K09447]
101272616  IL1A; interleukin-1 alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04383]
101284892  IL1B; interleukin-1 beta isoform X2 [KO:K04519]
101281783  IL6; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: interleukin-6 [KO:K05405]
101279088  IL12A; interleukin-12 subunit alpha [KO:K05406]
101272835  IL12B; interleukin-12 subunit beta [KO:K05425]
101269870  TNF; tumor necrosis factor [KO:K03156]
101278129  CXCL8; interleukin-8 [KO:K10030]
101289706  C-C motif chemokine 2 [KO:K14624]
101273776  C-C motif chemokine 5 isoform X2 [KO:K12499]
101289273  CXCL10; C-X-C motif chemokine 10 [KO:K12671]
101276958  ICAM1; intercellular adhesion molecule 1 [KO:K06490]
101274041  interferon alpha-1-like [KO:K05414]
101275016  interferon alpha-1-like [KO:K05414]
101275275  interferon alpha-1-like [KO:K05414]
101287367  interferon alpha-3-like [KO:K05414]
125964698  interferon alpha-1-like [KO:K05414]
125964699  interferon alpha-1-like [KO:K05414]
125964701  interferon alpha-3-like [KO:K05414]
125964702  interferon alpha-3-like [KO:K05414]
125964703  interferon alpha-3-like [KO:K05414]
101289058  IFNB1; interferon beta [KO:K05415]
101284215  IFNAR1; interferon alpha/beta receptor 1 [KO:K05130]
101283958  IFNAR2; interferon alpha/beta receptor 2 isoform X1 [KO:K05131]
101275383  JAK1; tyrosine-protein kinase JAK1 [KO:K11217] [EC:2.7.10.2]
101278346  TYK2; non-receptor tyrosine-protein kinase TYK2 isoform X2 [KO:K11219] [EC:2.7.10.2]
101284843  SOCS3; suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 [KO:K04696]
101272458  STAT1; signal transducer and activator of transcription 1-alpha/beta isoform X1 [KO:K11220]
101281591  STAT2; signal transducer and activator of transcription 2 isoform X1 [KO:K11221]
101272815  IRF9; interferon regulatory factor 9 isoform X1 [KO:K04693]
101282947  MX1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: interferon-induced GTP-binding protein Mx1 [KO:K14754]
101282697  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: interferon-induced GTP-binding protein Mx2 [KO:K14754]
101278697  ADAR; double-stranded RNA-specific adenosine deaminase isoform X6 [KO:K12968] [EC:3.5.4.37]
101283102  PML; protein PML isoform X2 [KO:K10054] [EC:2.3.2.-]
101282933  IFNG; interferon gamma [KO:K04687]
101276054  IFNGR1; interferon gamma receptor 1 [KO:K05132]
101279441  IFNGR2; interferon gamma receptor 2 isoform X1 [KO:K05133]
101290378  CIITA; MHC class II transactivator isoform X1 [KO:K08060] [EC:2.7.11.1]
101275987  SLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DQ haplotype D alpha chain isoform X2 [KO:K06752]
101287624  HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DM beta chain isoform X3 [KO:K06752]
101287882  HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DO beta chain isoform X1 [KO:K06752]
101277081  HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DR alpha chain [KO:K06752]
101276823  DLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DR-1 beta chain isoform X3 [KO:K06752]
101288385  HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DO alpha chain [KO:K06752]
101289225  HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DM alpha chain [KO:K06752]
101282000  NLRP3; NACHT, LRR and PYD domains-containing protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K12800]
101287122  PYCARD; apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD [KO:K12799]
101289850  CASP1; caspase-1 [KO:K01370] [EC:3.4.22.36]
101271274  IL18; interleukin-18 isoform X1 [KO:K05482]
101277857  IL33; interleukin-33 [KO:K12967]
101277568  PIK3R3; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit gamma isoform X1 [KO:K02649]
101285437  PIK3R1; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K02649]
101281352  PIK3R2; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit beta isoform X2 [KO:K02649]
101278075  PIK3CA; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
101278974  PIK3CD; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta isoform isoform X2 [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
101283011  PIK3CB; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
101272095  AKT2; RAC-beta serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
101288103  AKT3; RAC-gamma serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X2 [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
101273316  AKT1; RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X2 [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
101274576  CCND3; G1/S-specific cyclin-D3 isoform X1 [KO:K10152]
101283760  CDK4; cyclin-dependent kinase 4 isoform X1 [KO:K02089] [EC:2.7.11.22]
101271733  CDK6; cyclin-dependent kinase 6 [KO:K02091] [EC:2.7.11.22]
101282902  TNFSF10; tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 10 isoform X2 [KO:K04721]
101271509  tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 10A isoform X9 [KO:K04722]
101272436  FASLG; tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 6 [KO:K04389]
101284022  FAS; tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 6 isoform X5 [KO:K04390]
101282502  TNFRSF1A; tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 1A [KO:K03158]
101271709  TRADD; tumor necrosis factor receptor type 1-associated DEATH domain protein [KO:K03171]
101272962  FADD; FAS-associated death domain protein isoform X1 [KO:K02373]
101281780  CASP8; caspase-8 isoform X1 [KO:K04398] [EC:3.4.22.61]
101277745  BID; BH3-interacting domain death agonist isoform X1 [KO:K04726]
101285349  BAX; apoptosis regulator BAX isoform X1 [KO:K02159]
101281395  BAK1; bcl-2 homologous antagonist/killer isoform X2 [KO:K14021]
101289999  VDAC1; voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K05862]
101279540  SLC25A6; ADP/ATP translocase 3 [KO:K05863]
101275776  SLC25A5; ADP/ATP translocase 2 [KO:K05863]
101278211  SLC25A31; ADP/ATP translocase 4 [KO:K05863]
101288695  SLC25A4; ADP/ATP translocase 1 [KO:K05863]
105747906  cytochrome c-like [KO:K08738]
101283052  cytochrome c [KO:K08738]
101275631  cytochrome c-like [KO:K08738]
105747703  cytochrome c 2 [KO:K08738]
101272869  cytochrome c-like [KO:K08738]
117203203  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: cytochrome c-like [KO:K08738]
101280303  APAF1; apoptotic protease-activating factor 1 isoform X4 [KO:K02084]
101271677  CASP9; caspase-9 isoform X1 [KO:K04399] [EC:3.4.22.62]
101289847  CASP3; caspase-3 isoform X2 [KO:K02187] [EC:3.4.22.56]
101282912  CPSF4L; putative cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor subunit 4-like protein [KO:K14404]
101287378  CPSF4; cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor subunit 4 isoform X3 [KO:K14404]
101273046  PABPN1L; embryonic polyadenylate-binding protein 2 [KO:K14396]
101278940  PABPN1; polyadenylate-binding protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K14396]
101277632  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: polyadenylate-binding protein 2-like [KO:K14396]
101286095  nuclear RNA export factor 3 isoform X1 [KO:K14284]
101287280  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: nuclear RNA export factor 2 [KO:K14284]
101284211  NXF1; nuclear RNA export factor 1 isoform X4 [KO:K14284]
101287516  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: nuclear RNA export factor 2-like [KO:K14284]
101276877  NXT2; NTF2-related export protein 2 isoform X2 [KO:K14285]
101285083  NXT1; NTF2-related export protein 1 [KO:K14285]
101286703  HNRNPUL1; heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein U-like protein 1 isoform X2 [KO:K15047]
101272569  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein U-like protein 1 [KO:K15047]
101283867  RAE1; mRNA export factor RAE1 isoform X1 [KO:K14298]
101287256  NUP98; nuclear pore complex protein Nup98-Nup96 isoform X1 [KO:K14297]
101274848  RSAD2; radical S-adenosyl methionine domain-containing protein 2 [KO:K15045]
101289697  FDPS; farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase isoform X1 [KO:K00787] [EC:2.5.1.1 2.5.1.10]
101276350  PRKCA; protein kinase C alpha type [KO:K02677] [EC:2.7.11.13]
101272984  RAF1; RAF proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04366] [EC:2.7.11.1]
101286388  MAP2K1; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 [KO:K04368] [EC:2.7.12.2]
101287162  MAP2K2; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 2 isoform X1 [KO:K04369] [EC:2.7.12.2]
101273287  MAPK1; mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
101289394  MAPK3; mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
101271282  ACTG1; actin, cytoplasmic 2 [KO:K05692]
101277826  ACTB; actin, cytoplasmic 1 [KO:K05692]
101285200  RAB11A; ras-related protein Rab-11A [KO:K07904]
101269982  RAB11B; ras-related protein Rab-11B [KO:K07905]
101270485  XPO1; exportin-1 isoform X1 [KO:K14290]
101269574  KPNA1; importin subunit alpha-5 [KO:K23940]
101286133  KPNA2; importin subunit alpha-1 [KO:K15043]
101272198  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: importin subunit alpha-1-like [KO:K15043]
101289632  KPNA7; importin subunit alpha-8 [KO:K15043]
101269916  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: importin subunit alpha-1-like [KO:K15043]
101285460  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: importin subunit alpha-1-like [KO:K15043]
101273428  KPNA5; importin subunit alpha-6 [KO:K15042]
101273514  KPNA6; importin subunit alpha-7 isoform X3 [KO:K15042]
Compound
C00027  Hydrogen peroxide
C00080  H+
C05981  Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate
Reference
PMID:24225499
  Authors
Edinger TO, Pohl MO, Stertz S
  Title
Entry of influenza A virus: host factors and antiviral targets.
  Journal
J Gen Virol 95:263-77 (2014)
DOI:10.1099/vir.0.059477-0
Reference
PMID:19565019
  Authors
Kido H, Okumura Y, Takahashi E, Pan HY, Wang S, Chida J, Le TQ, Yano M
  Title
Host envelope glycoprotein processing proteases are indispensable for entry into human cells by seasonal and highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses.
  Journal
J Mol Genet Med 3:167-75 (2008)
Reference
PMID:27751627
  Authors
Ramakrishnan B, Viswanathan K, Tharakaraman K, Dancik V, Raman R, Babcock GJ, Shriver Z, Sasisekharan R
  Title
A Structural and Mathematical Modeling Analysis of the Likelihood of Antibody-Dependent Enhancement in Influenza.
  Journal
Trends Microbiol 24:933-943 (2016)
DOI:10.1016/j.tim.2016.09.003
Reference
PMID:18588994
  Authors
Thanh TT, van Doorn HR, de Jong MD
  Title
Human H5N1 influenza: current insight into pathogenesis.
  Journal
Int J Biochem Cell Biol 40:2671-4 (2008)
DOI:10.1016/j.biocel.2008.05.019
Reference
PMID:23977434
  Authors
Michael P, Brabant D, Bleiblo F, Ramana CV, Rutherford M, Khurana S, Tai TC, Kumar A, Kumar A
  Title
Influenza A induced cellular signal transduction pathways.
  Journal
J Thorac Dis 5 Suppl 2:S132-41 (2013)
DOI:10.3978/j.issn.2072-1439.2013.07.42
Reference
PMID:20020828
  Authors
Hale BG, Albrecht RA, Garcia-Sastre A
  Title
Innate immune evasion strategies of influenza viruses.
  Journal
Future Microbiol 5:23-41 (2010)
DOI:10.2217/fmb.09.108
Reference
PMID:21698289
  Authors
Sharma K, Tripathi S, Ranjan P, Kumar P, Garten R, Deyde V, Katz JM, Cox NJ, Lal RB, Sambhara S, Lal SK
  Title
Influenza A virus nucleoprotein exploits Hsp40 to inhibit PKR activation.
  Journal
PLoS One 6:e20215 (2011)
DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0020215
Reference
PMID:19782761
  Authors
Ehrhardt C, Seyer R, Hrincius ER, Eierhoff T, Wolff T, Ludwig S
  Title
Interplay between influenza A virus and the innate immune signaling.
  Journal
Microbes Infect 12:81-7 (2010)
DOI:10.1016/j.micinf.2009.09.007
Reference
PMID:23170167
  Authors
van de Sandt CE, Kreijtz JH, Rimmelzwaan GF
  Title
Evasion of influenza A viruses from innate and adaptive immune responses.
  Journal
Viruses 4:1438-76 (2012)
DOI:10.3390/v4091438
Reference
PMID:30487536
  Authors
Long JS, Mistry B, Haslam SM, Barclay WS
  Title
Host and viral determinants of influenza A virus species specificity.
  Journal
Nat Rev Microbiol 17:67-81 (2019)
DOI:10.1038/s41579-018-0115-z
Reference
PMID:29556226
  Authors
Chen X, Liu S, Goraya MU, Maarouf M, Huang S, Chen JL
  Title
Host Immune Response to Influenza A Virus Infection.
  Journal
Front Immunol 9:320 (2018)
DOI:10.3389/fimmu.2018.00320
Reference
PMID:20130137
  Authors
Lu X, Masic A, Li Y, Shin Y, Liu Q, Zhou Y
  Title
The PI3K/Akt pathway inhibits influenza A virus-induced Bax-mediated apoptosis by negatively regulating the JNK pathway via ASK1.
  Journal
J Gen Virol 91:1439-49 (2010)
DOI:10.1099/vir.0.018465-0
Reference
PMID:18980544
  Authors
Ichinohe T, Iwasaki A, Hasegawa H
  Title
Innate sensors of influenza virus: clues to developing better intranasal vaccines.
  Journal
Expert Rev Vaccines 7:1435-45 (2008)
DOI:10.1586/14760584.7.9.1435
Reference
PMID:27231932
  Authors
Le Sage V, Cinti A, Amorim R, Mouland AJ
  Title
Adapting the Stress Response: Viral Subversion of the mTOR Signaling Pathway.
  Journal
Viruses 8:E152 (2016)
DOI:10.3390/v8060152
Reference
PMID:30510918
  Authors
Fan Y, Sanyal S, Bruzzone R
  Title
Breaking Bad: How Viruses Subvert the Cell Cycle.
  Journal
Front Cell Infect Microbiol 8:396 (2018)
DOI:10.3389/fcimb.2018.00396
Reference
PMID:21971186
  Authors
Varga ZT, Palese P
  Title
The influenza A virus protein PB1-F2: killing two birds with one stone?
  Journal
Virulence 2:542-6 (2011)
DOI:10.4161/viru.2.6.17812
Reference
PMID:30254192
  Authors
Atkin-Smith GK, Duan M, Chen W, Poon IKH
  Title
The induction and consequences of Influenza A virus-induced cell death.
  Journal
Cell Death Dis 9:1002 (2018)
DOI:10.1038/s41419-018-1035-6
Reference
PMID:30545063
  Authors
Nogales A, Martinez-Sobrido L, Topham DJ, DeDiego ML
  Title
Modulation of Innate Immune Responses by the Influenza A NS1 and PA-X Proteins.
  Journal
Viruses 10:E708 (2018)
DOI:10.3390/v10120708
Reference
PMID:21253874
  Authors
Dai X, Zhang L, Hong T
  Title
Host cellular signaling induced by influenza virus.
  Journal
Sci China Life Sci 54:68-74 (2011)
DOI:10.1007/s11427-010-4116-z
Reference
PMID:26008706
  Authors
Li J, Yu M, Zheng W, Liu W
  Title
Nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of influenza A virus proteins.
  Journal
Viruses 7:2668-82 (2015)
DOI:10.3390/v7052668
Reference
PMID:30079062
  Authors
Dou D, Revol R, Ostbye H, Wang H, Daniels R
  Title
Influenza A Virus Cell Entry, Replication, Virion Assembly and Movement.
  Journal
Front Immunol 9:1581 (2018)
DOI:10.3389/fimmu.2018.01581
Reference
PMID:23236273
  Authors
Paterson D, Fodor E
  Title
Emerging roles for the influenza A virus nuclear export protein (NEP).
  Journal
PLoS Pathog 8:e1003019 (2012)
DOI:10.1371/journal.ppat.1003019
Related
pathway
oor00900  Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis
oor03013  Nucleocytoplasmic transport
oor03015  mRNA surveillance pathway
oor04010  MAPK signaling pathway
oor04110  Cell cycle
oor04144  Endocytosis
oor04210  Apoptosis
oor04620  Toll-like receptor signaling pathway
oor04621  NOD-like receptor signaling pathway
oor04622  RIG-I-like receptor signaling pathway
oor04630  JAK-STAT signaling pathway
oor05416  Viral myocarditis
KO pathway
ko05164   
LinkDB

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