KEGG   PATHWAY: psiu05206
Entry
psiu05206                   Pathway                                
Name
MicroRNAs in cancer - Phocoena sinus (vaquita)
Description
MicroRNA (miRNA) is a cluster of small non-encoding RNA molecules of 21 - 23 nucleotides in length, which controls gene expression post-transcriptionally either via the degradation of target mRNAs or the inhibition of protein translation. Using high-throughput profiling, dysregulation of miRNAs has been widely observed in different stages of cancer. The upregulation (overexpression) of specific miRNAs could lead to the repression of tumor suppressor gene expression, and conversely the downregulation of specific miRNAs could result in an increase of oncogene expression; both these situations induce subsequent malignant effects on cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis that lead to tumor growth and progress. The miRNA signatures of cancer observed in various studies differ significantly. These inconsistencies occur due to the differences in the study populations and methodologies used. This pathway map shows the summarized results from various studies in 9 cancers, each of which is presented in a review article.
Class
Human Diseases; Cancer: overview
Pathway map
psiu05206  MicroRNAs in cancer
psiu05206

Organism
Phocoena sinus (vaquita) [GN:psiu]
Gene
116741761  PTEN; phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate 3-phosphatase and dual-specificity protein phosphatase PTEN [KO:K01110] [EC:3.1.3.16 3.1.3.48 3.1.3.67]
116760537  CDKN1B; cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1B [KO:K06624]
116760822  TIMP3; metalloproteinase inhibitor 3 isoform X1 [KO:K16866]
116760326  KRAS; GTPase KRas isoform X1 [KO:K07827]
116759522  CDK6; cyclin-dependent kinase 6 [KO:K02091] [EC:2.7.11.22]
116762728  CDC25A; M-phase inducer phosphatase 1 isoform X1 [KO:K06645] [EC:3.1.3.48]
116740111  CDC25B; M-phase inducer phosphatase 2 isoform X1 [KO:K05866] [EC:3.1.3.48]
116752324  CDC25C; M-phase inducer phosphatase 3 isoform X1 [KO:K05867] [EC:3.1.3.48]
116760634  HMGA2; high mobility group protein HMGI-C [KO:K09283]
116757387  CCND1; G1/S-specific cyclin-D1 isoform X1 [KO:K04503]
116760293  CCND2; G1/S-specific cyclin-D2 isoform X1 [KO:K10151]
116744703  CCNE1; G1/S-specific cyclin-E1 [KO:K06626]
116742324  CCNE2; G1/S-specific cyclin-E2 isoform X1 [KO:K06626]
116738862  CRKL; crk-like protein [KO:K04438]
116745432  CRK; adapter molecule crk isoform X1 [KO:K04438]
116756460  HDAC4; histone deacetylase 4 isoform X1 [KO:K11406] [EC:3.5.1.98]
116745565  HDAC5; histone deacetylase 5 isoform X1 [KO:K11406] [EC:3.5.1.98]
116761976  FOXP1; forkhead box protein P1 isoform X1 [KO:K23582]
116762621  PIM1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: serine/threonine-protein kinase pim-1 [KO:K04702] [EC:2.7.11.1]
116759279  MET; hepatocyte growth factor receptor isoform X1 [KO:K05099] [EC:2.7.10.1]
116764100  DNMT3A; DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase 3A isoform X1 [KO:K17398] [EC:2.1.1.37]
116739821  DNMT3B; DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase 3B isoform X1 [KO:K17399] [EC:2.1.1.37]
116760285  MCL1; induced myeloid leukemia cell differentiation protein Mcl-1 [KO:K02539]
116759758  EGFR; epidermal growth factor receptor isoform X1 [KO:K04361] [EC:2.7.10.1]
116762165  VEGFA; vascular endothelial growth factor A [KO:K05448]
116749886  ZEB1; zinc finger E-box-binding homeobox 1 isoform X1 [KO:K09299]
116747679  TGFB2; transforming growth factor beta-2 proprotein isoform X1 [KO:K13376]
116763197  EZR; ezrin isoform X1 [KO:K08007]
116741798  PDCD4; programmed cell death protein 4 isoform X1 [KO:K16865]
116760164  EP300; histone acetyltransferase p300 [KO:K04498] [EC:2.3.1.48]
116739511  CREBBP; CREB-binding protein [KO:K04498] [EC:2.3.1.48]
116749016  TPM1; tropomyosin alpha-1 chain isoform X1 [KO:K10373]
116743323  SPRY2; protein sprouty homolog 2 [KO:K17383]
116738931  BCL2; apoptosis regulator Bcl-2 isoform X1 [KO:K02161]
116738929  SERPINB5; serpin B5 [KO:K10139]
116757931  ST14; suppressor of tumorigenicity 14 protein isoform X1 [KO:K08670] [EC:3.4.21.109]
116764271  cytochrome P450 1B1 isoform X1 [KO:K07410] [EC:1.14.14.1]
116751184  MTOR; serine/threonine-protein kinase mTOR isoform X1 [KO:K07203] [EC:2.7.11.1]
116745714  RPTOR; regulatory-associated protein of mTOR isoform X1 [KO:K07204]
116740225  1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) 24-hydroxylase, mitochondrial [KO:K07436] [EC:1.14.15.16]
116745518  ERBB2; receptor tyrosine-protein kinase erbB-2 [KO:K05083] [EC:2.7.10.1]
116761086  ERBB3; receptor tyrosine-protein kinase erbB-3 [KO:K05084] [EC:2.7.10.1]
116755284  ABL1; tyrosine-protein kinase ABL1 isoform X1 [KO:K06619] [EC:2.7.10.2]
116753641  TP63; tumor protein 63 isoform X1 [KO:K10149]
116756653  ZEB2; zinc finger E-box-binding homeobox 2 isoform X1 [KO:K23560]
116740879  FSCN1; fascin [KO:K23551]
116762337  RASSF1; ras association domain-containing protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K09850]
116756522  HOXD10; homeobox protein Hox-D10 [KO:K09295]
116742040  DDIT4; DNA damage-inducible transcript 4 protein [KO:K08270]
116749264  BMF; bcl-2-modifying factor isoform X1 [KO:K17460]
116744322  PAK4; serine/threonine-protein kinase PAK 4 isoform X1 [KO:K05734] [EC:2.7.11.1]
116740660  MMP9; matrix metalloproteinase-9 [KO:K01403] [EC:3.4.24.35]
116743019  SLC7A1; high affinity cationic amino acid transporter 1 [KO:K13863]
116751295  CCNG1; cyclin-G1 [KO:K10145]
116760927  HMOX1; heme oxygenase 1 [KO:K00510] [EC:1.14.14.18]
116743696  STMN1; stathmin [KO:K04381]
116739960  stathmin-like [KO:K04381]
116745657  STAT3; signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 isoform X1 [KO:K04692]
116742545  MYC; myc proto-oncogene protein [KO:K04377]
116746660  CASP3; caspase-3 [KO:K02187] [EC:3.4.22.56]
116757893  HRAS; GTPase HRas isoform X1 [KO:K02833]
116751649  uncharacterized protein LOC116751649 [KO:K02833]
116739088  NRAS; GTPase NRas [KO:K07828]
116751270  DNMT1; DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase 1 isoform X1 [KO:K00558] [EC:2.1.1.37]
116750639  APC; adenomatous polyposis coli protein isoform X1 [KO:K02085]
116750869  APC2; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: adenomatous polyposis coli protein 2 [KO:K02085]
116756739  IRS1; insulin receptor substrate 1 [KO:K16172]
116750604  PIK3R1; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K02649]
116742613  phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit gamma [KO:K02649]
116751944  PIK3R2; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit beta [KO:K02649]
116745964  MAPK7; mitogen-activated protein kinase 7 [KO:K04464] [EC:2.7.11.24]
116752953  PIK3CB; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
116752990  PIK3CA; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
116751286  PIK3CD; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
116754363  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K-like [KO:K12886]
116754950  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K-like [KO:K12886]
116748143  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K-like [KO:K12886]
116755184  HNRNPK; heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K isoform X1 [KO:K12886]
116743170  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K-like [KO:K12886]
116756033  RECK; reversion-inducing cysteine-rich protein with Kazal motifs isoform X1 [KO:K17461]
116762281  E2F3; transcription factor E2F3 isoform X1 [KO:K06620]
116743032  IRS2; insulin receptor substrate 2 [KO:K07187]
116755204  NOTCH1; neurogenic locus notch homolog protein 1 [KO:K02599]
116751643  NOTCH2; neurogenic locus notch homolog protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K20994]
116750838  NOTCH3; neurogenic locus notch homolog protein 3 [KO:K20995]
116762717  NOTCH4; neurogenic locus notch homolog protein 4 isoform X1 [KO:K20996]
116749411  BMI1; polycomb complex protein BMI-1 [KO:K11459]
116742127  MMP16; matrix metalloproteinase-16 [KO:K07996] [EC:3.4.24.-]
116757857  ATM; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: serine-protein kinase ATM [KO:K04728] [EC:2.7.11.1]
116741013  SOCS1; suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 [KO:K04694]
116757557  CD44; CD44 antigen isoform X1 [KO:K06256]
116748410  DICER1; endoribonuclease Dicer isoform X1 [KO:K11592] [EC:3.1.26.-]
116756139  FZD3; frizzled-3 [KO:K02329]
116760042  ITGA5; integrin alpha-5 isoform X1 [KO:K06484]
116757830  RDX; radixin isoform X1 [KO:K05762]
116762804  RHOA; transforming protein RhoA isoform X1 [KO:K04513]
116741565  PLAU; urokinase-type plasminogen activator isoform X1 [KO:K01348] [EC:3.4.21.73]
116762061  BAK1; bcl-2 homologous antagonist/killer isoform X1 [KO:K14021]
116742752  ZFPM2; zinc finger protein ZFPM2 [KO:K17442]
116746035  ITGB3; integrin beta-3 [KO:K06493]
116740154  UBE2I; SUMO-conjugating enzyme UBC9 [KO:K10577]
116762718  SOX4; transcription factor SOX-4 [KO:K23581]
116760986  TNR; tenascin-R [KO:K06252]
116755484  TNC; tenascin isoform X1 [KO:K06252]
116762928  TNXB; tenascin-X isoform X1 [KO:K06252]
116764929  TNN; tenascin-N [KO:K06252]
116759491  ABCB1; ATP-dependent translocase ABCB1 isoform X1 [KO:K05658] [EC:7.6.2.2]
116739899  ABCC1; multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K05665] [EC:7.6.2.3]
116745065  BRCA1; breast cancer type 1 susceptibility protein isoform X1 [KO:K10605] [EC:2.3.2.27]
116762584  CDKN1A; cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1 isoform X1 [KO:K06625]
116744243  EFNA3; ephrin-A3 [KO:K05462]
116744249  EFNA4; ephrin-A4 isoform X1 [KO:K05462]
116738713  EFNA1; ephrin-A1 [KO:K05462]
116752074  EFNA5; ephrin-A5 isoform X1 [KO:K05462]
116752293  EFNA2; ephrin-A2 isoform X1 [KO:K05462]
116748587  THBS1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: thrombospondin-1 [KO:K16857]
116745797  IGF2BP1; insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA-binding protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K17391]
116762283  TRIM71; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase TRIM71 [KO:K12035] [EC:2.3.2.27]
116754222  NFKB1; nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit isoform X1 [KO:K02580]
116746707  IKBKB; inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit beta isoform X1 [KO:K07209] [EC:2.7.11.10]
116759534  PTGS2; prostaglandin G/H synthase 2 [KO:K11987] [EC:1.14.99.1]
116738910  MAPK1; mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
116740620  MAPK3; mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 isoform X1 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
116745476  PRKCA; protein kinase C alpha type [KO:K02677] [EC:2.7.11.13]
116739537  PRKCB; protein kinase C beta type isoform X1 [KO:K19662] [EC:2.7.11.13]
116743766  PRKCG; protein kinase C gamma type [KO:K19663] [EC:2.7.11.13]
116746378  GRB2; growth factor receptor-bound protein 2 [KO:K04364]
116754486  FGFR3; fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 isoform X1 [KO:K05094] [EC:2.7.10.1]
116748377  RPS6KA5; ribosomal protein S6 kinase alpha-5 isoform X1 [KO:K04445] [EC:2.7.11.1]
116745739  TP53; cellular tumor antigen p53 [KO:K04451]
116760130  MDM2; E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase Mdm2 isoform X1 [KO:K06643] [EC:2.3.2.27]
116750558  MDM4; protein Mdm4 isoform X1 [KO:K10127]
116754045  PDGFRA; platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04363] [EC:2.7.10.1]
116740089  PLCG1; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase gamma-1 isoform X1 [KO:K01116] [EC:3.1.4.11]
116744707  PLCG2; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase gamma-2 [KO:K05859] [EC:3.1.4.11]
116761625  RAF1; RAF proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04366] [EC:2.7.11.1]
116747589  MAP2K1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 [KO:K04368] [EC:2.7.12.2]
116751189  MAP2K2; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 2 [KO:K04369] [EC:2.7.12.2]
116747062  SOS2; son of sevenless homolog 2 [KO:K03099]
116764289  SOS1; son of sevenless homolog 1 isoform X1 [KO:K03099]
116740554  SHC1; SHC-transforming protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K06279]
116740378  PDGFA; platelet-derived growth factor subunit A isoform X1 [KO:K04359]
116749591  SHC4; SHC-transforming protein 4 isoform X1 [KO:K17449]
116761017  PDGFB; platelet-derived growth factor subunit B isoform X1 [KO:K17386]
116751332  PDGFRB; platelet-derived growth factor receptor beta isoform X1 [KO:K05089] [EC:2.7.10.1]
116756160  CDKN2A; cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A isoform X1 [KO:K06621]
116740076  E2F1; transcription factor E2F1 [KO:K17454]
116748863  E2F2; transcription factor E2F2 isoform X1 [KO:K09389]
116764419  BCL2L11; bcl-2-like protein 11 isoform X1 [KO:K16341]
116763562  MARCKS; myristoylated alanine-rich C-kinase substrate [KO:K12561]
116756498  BMPR2; bone morphogenetic protein receptor type-2 [KO:K04671] [EC:2.7.11.30]
116760913  HDAC1; histone deacetylase 1 isoform X1 [KO:K06067] [EC:3.5.1.98]
116763598  HDAC2; histone deacetylase 2 isoform X1 [KO:K06067] [EC:3.5.1.98]
116751354  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: histone deacetylase 2-like [KO:K06067] [EC:3.5.1.98]
116759057  EZH2; histone-lysine N-methyltransferase EZH2 isoform X1 [KO:K11430] [EC:2.1.1.356]
116760953  GLS2; glutaminase liver isoform, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K01425] [EC:3.5.1.2]
116757190  GLS; glutaminase kidney isoform, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K01425] [EC:3.5.1.2]
116741518  SIRT1; NAD-dependent protein deacetylase sirtuin-1 isoform X1 [KO:K11411] [EC:2.3.1.286]
116745869  WNT3; proto-oncogene Wnt-3 [KO:K00312]
116751887  WNT3A; protein Wnt-3a [KO:K00312]
116758106  sororin-like isoform X1 [KO:K17390]
116749269  KIF23; kinesin-like protein KIF23 isoform X1 [KO:K17387]
116765160  ROCK1; rho-associated protein kinase 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04514] [EC:2.7.11.39]
116764149  PRKCE; protein kinase C epsilon type isoform X1 [KO:K18050] [EC:2.7.11.13]
116741470  SLC45A3; solute carrier family 45 member 3 [KO:K15379]
116748356  VIM; vimentin isoform X1 [KO:K07606]
Reference
  Authors
Lee YS, Dutta A
  Title
MicroRNAs in cancer.
  Journal
Annu Rev Pathol 4:199-227 (2009)
DOI:10.1146/annurev.pathol.4.110807.092222
Reference
  Authors
Babashah S, Soleimani M
  Title
The oncogenic and tumour suppressive roles of microRNAs in cancer and apoptosis.
  Journal
Eur J Cancer 47:1127-37 (2011)
DOI:10.1016/j.ejca.2011.02.008
Reference
  Authors
Garzon R, Calin GA, Croce CM
  Title
MicroRNAs in Cancer.
  Journal
Annu Rev Med 60:167-79 (2009)
DOI:10.1146/annurev.med.59.053006.104707
Reference
  Authors
Chen PS, Su JL, Hung MC
  Title
Dysregulation of microRNAs in cancer.
  Journal
J Biomed Sci 19:90 (2012)
DOI:10.1186/1423-0127-19-90
Reference
  Authors
Ling H, Zhang W, Calin GA
  Title
Principles of microRNA involvement in human cancers.
  Journal
Chin J Cancer 30:739-48 (2011)
DOI:10.5732/cjc.011.10243
Reference
  Authors
Iorio MV, Croce CM
  Title
MicroRNA dysregulation in cancer: diagnostics, monitoring and therapeutics. A comprehensive review.
  Journal
EMBO Mol Med 4:143-59 (2012)
DOI:10.1002/emmm.201100209
Reference
  Authors
Sayed D, Abdellatif M
  Title
MicroRNAs in development and disease.
  Journal
Physiol Rev 91:827-87 (2011)
DOI:10.1152/physrev.00006.2010
Reference
  Authors
Wang Q, Wang S, Wang H, Li P, Ma Z
  Title
MicroRNAs: novel biomarkers for lung cancer diagnosis, prediction and treatment.
  Journal
Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 237:227-35 (2012)
DOI:10.1258/ebm.2011.011192
Reference
  Authors
Song JH, Meltzer SJ
  Title
MicroRNAs in pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of gastroesophageal cancers.
  Journal
Gastroenterology 143:35-47.e2 (2012)
DOI:10.1053/j.gastro.2012.05.003
Reference
  Authors
Chu Y, Zhu H, Lv L, Zhou Y, Huo J
  Title
MiRNA s in oesophageal squamous cancer.
  Journal
Neth J Med 71:69-75 (2013)
Reference
  Authors
Kan T, Meltzer SJ
  Title
MicroRNAs in Barrett's esophagus and esophageal adenocarcinoma.
  Journal
Curr Opin Pharmacol 9:727-32 (2009)
DOI:10.1016/j.coph.2009.08.009
Reference
  Authors
Smith CM, Watson DI, Michael MZ, Hussey DJ
  Title
MicroRNAs, development of Barrett's esophagus, and progression to esophageal adenocarcinoma.
  Journal
World J Gastroenterol 16:531-7 (2010)
DOI:10.3748/wjg.v16.i5.531
Reference
  Authors
Song S, Ajani JA
  Title
The role of microRNAs in cancers of the upper gastrointestinal tract.
  Journal
Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 10:109-18 (2013)
DOI:10.1038/nrgastro.2012.210
Reference
  Authors
Liu WH, Yeh SH, Chen PJ
  Title
Role of microRNAs in hepatitis B virus replication and pathogenesis.
  Journal
Biochim Biophys Acta 1809:678-85 (2011)
DOI:10.1016/j.bbagrm.2011.04.008
Reference
  Authors
Hrasovec S, Glavac D
  Title
MicroRNAs as Novel Biomarkers in Colorectal Cancer.
  Journal
Front Genet 3:180 (2012)
DOI:10.3389/fgene.2012.00180
Reference
  Authors
Liu H
  Title
MicroRNAs in breast cancer initiation and progression.
  Journal
Cell Mol Life Sci 69:3587-99 (2012)
DOI:10.1007/s00018-012-1128-9
Reference
  Authors
Li SD, Zhang JR, Wang YQ, Wan XP
  Title
The role of microRNAs in ovarian cancer initiation and progression.
  Journal
J Cell Mol Med 14:2240-9 (2010)
DOI:10.1111/j.1582-4934.2010.01058.x
Reference
  Authors
Zabolotneva AA, Zhavoronkov A, Garazha AV, Roumiantsev SA, Buzdin AA
  Title
Characteristic patterns of microRNA expression in human bladder cancer.
  Journal
Front Genet 3:310 (2012)
DOI:10.3389/fgene.2012.00310
Reference
  Authors
Saini S, Majid S, Dahiya R
  Title
Diet, microRNAs and prostate cancer.
  Journal
Pharm Res 27:1014-26 (2010)
DOI:10.1007/s11095-010-0086-x
Related
pathway
psiu05210  Colorectal cancer
psiu05214  Glioma
psiu05215  Prostate cancer
psiu05219  Bladder cancer
psiu05222  Small cell lung cancer
psiu05223  Non-small cell lung cancer
KO pathway
ko05206   
LinkDB

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