KEGG   PATHWAY: vpc05164
Entry
vpc05164                    Pathway                                
Name
Influenza A - Vicugna pacos (alpaca)
Description
Influenza is a contagious respiratory disease caused by influenza virus infection. Influenza A virus is responsible for both annual seasonal epidemics and periodic worldwide pandemics. Novel strains that cause pandemics arise from avian influenza virus by genetic reassortment among influenza viruses and two surface glycoproteins HA and NA form the basis of serologically distinct virus types. The innate immune system recognizes invaded virus through multiple mechanisms. Viral non-structural NS1 protein is a multifunctional virulence factor that interfere IFN-mediated antiviral response. It inhibits IFN production by blocking activation of transcription factors such as NF-kappa B and IRF3. NS1 further inhibits the activation of IFN-induced antiviral genes. PB1-F2 protein is another virulence factor that induce apoptosis of infected cells, which results in life-threatening bronchiolitis.
Class
Human Diseases; Infectious disease: viral
Pathway map
vpc05164  Influenza A
vpc05164

Organism
Vicugna pacos (alpaca) [GN:vpc]
Gene
116278558  tryptase-2-like [KO:K01340] [EC:3.4.21.59]
116284114  tryptase-like [KO:K01340] [EC:3.4.21.59]
102531374  tryptase-2-like [KO:K01340] [EC:3.4.21.59]
102525232  plasminogen isoform X1 [KO:K01315] [EC:3.4.21.7]
102530360  cationic trypsin [KO:K01312] [EC:3.4.21.4]
102532039  anionic trypsin [KO:K01312] [EC:3.4.21.4]
102536092  TMPRSS2; transmembrane protease serine 2 isoform X1 [KO:K09633] [EC:3.4.21.122]
102534016  TMPRSS4; transmembrane protease serine 4 [KO:K09635] [EC:3.4.21.-]
102537700  TMPRSS11D; transmembrane protease serine 11D isoform X1 [KO:K09641] [EC:3.4.21.-]
102526158  PRKCB; protein kinase C beta type isoform X1 [KO:K19662] [EC:2.7.11.13]
102530627  uncharacterized protein LOC102530627 [KO:K14216] [EC:2.7.7.84]
102524962  RNASEL; 2-5A-dependent ribonuclease isoform X1 [KO:K01165]
102545437  DNAJB1; dnaJ homolog subfamily B member 1 [KO:K09507]
102536998  DNAJC3; dnaJ homolog subfamily C member 3 [KO:K09523]
102532064  EIF2AK2; interferon-induced, double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K16195] [EC:2.7.11.1]
102543309  EIF2S1; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit 1 [KO:K03237]
102525345  TRIM25; E3 ubiquitin/ISG15 ligase TRIM25 [KO:K10652] [EC:2.3.2.27]
102535469  DDX58; probable ATP-dependent RNA helicase DDX58 [KO:K12646] [EC:5.6.2.6]
102543498  IFIH1; interferon-induced helicase C domain-containing protein 1 [KO:K12647] [EC:5.6.2.6]
102534761  NLRX1; NLR family member X1 [KO:K12653]
102539671  MAVS; mitochondrial antiviral-signaling protein isoform X1 [KO:K12648]
102534431  CHUK; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit alpha [KO:K04467] [EC:2.7.11.10]
102528824  IKBKB; inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit beta isoform X1 [KO:K07209] [EC:2.7.11.10]
102541871  IKBKG; NF-kappa-B essential modulator isoform X1 [KO:K07210]
102531744  NFKBIB; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: NF-kappa-B inhibitor beta [KO:K02581]
102524630  NFKBIA; NF-kappa-B inhibitor alpha [KO:K04734]
102532161  NFKB1; nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit isoform X1 [KO:K02580]
102540197  RELA; transcription factor p65 isoform X1 [KO:K04735]
102545501  CALCOCO2; calcium-binding and coiled-coil domain-containing protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K21348]
102525148  TLR3; toll-like receptor 3 [KO:K05401]
102531050  TICAM1; TIR domain-containing adapter molecule 1 [KO:K05842]
102529156  TRAF3; TNF receptor-associated factor 3 [KO:K03174]
102530199  TBK1; serine/threonine-protein kinase TBK1 isoform X1 [KO:K05410] [EC:2.7.11.10]
102539212  IKBKE; inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit epsilon [KO:K07211] [EC:2.7.11.10]
102536109  IRF3; interferon regulatory factor 3 isoform X1 [KO:K05411]
102531948  EP300; histone acetyltransferase p300 [KO:K04498] [EC:2.3.1.48]
102535153  CREBBP; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: CREB-binding protein [KO:K04498] [EC:2.3.1.48]
102529688  TLR4; toll-like receptor 4 isoform X1 [KO:K10160]
102541655  TLR7; toll-like receptor 7 [KO:K05404]
102538305  MYD88; myeloid differentiation primary response protein MyD88 isoform X1 [KO:K04729]
102544486  IRAK4; interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 4 [KO:K04733] [EC:2.7.11.1]
102527909  IRF7; interferon regulatory factor 7 [KO:K09447]
102529843  IL1A; interleukin-1 alpha [KO:K04383]
102529565  IL1B; interleukin-1 beta [KO:K04519]
102529729  IL6; interleukin-6 [KO:K05405]
102530946  IL12A; interleukin-12 subunit alpha [KO:K05406]
102543998  IL12B; interleukin-12 subunit beta [KO:K05425]
102541924  TNF; tumor necrosis factor [KO:K03156]
102533127  CXCL8; interleukin-8 [KO:K10030]
102526463  C-C motif chemokine 2 [KO:K14624]
102529392  CCL5; C-C motif chemokine 5 [KO:K12499]
102531496  CXCL10; C-X-C motif chemokine 10 [KO:K12671]
102528180  ICAM1; intercellular adhesion molecule 1 isoform X1 [KO:K06490]
116280218  interferon alpha-1-like [KO:K05414]
102540000  interferon alpha-6-like [KO:K05414]
102539757  interferon alpha-1-like [KO:K05414]
102544554  interferon alpha-1-like [KO:K05414]
102540243  IFNB1; interferon beta [KO:K05415]
102530410  IFNAR1; interferon alpha/beta receptor 1 [KO:K05130]
102525504  IFNAR2; interferon alpha/beta receptor 2 isoform X1 [KO:K05131]
102544505  JAK1; tyrosine-protein kinase JAK1 [KO:K11217] [EC:2.7.10.2]
102528960  TYK2; non-receptor tyrosine-protein kinase TYK2 isoform X1 [KO:K11219] [EC:2.7.10.2]
102543930  SOCS3; suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 [KO:K04696]
102544679  STAT1; signal transducer and activator of transcription 1-alpha/beta isoform X5 [KO:K11220]
102545696  STAT2; signal transducer and activator of transcription 2 [KO:K11221]
102540123  IRF9; interferon regulatory factor 9 [KO:K04693]
102534753  MX1; interferon-induced GTP-binding protein Mx1 [KO:K14754]
102536350  MX2; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: interferon-induced GTP-binding protein Mx2 [KO:K14754]
102527263  ADAR; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: double-stranded RNA-specific adenosine deaminase [KO:K12968] [EC:3.5.4.37]
102527691  PML; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: protein PML [KO:K10054] [EC:2.3.2.-]
102534412  IFNG; interferon gamma [KO:K04687]
102545778  IFNGR1; interferon gamma receptor 1 isoform X1 [KO:K05132]
102531183  IFNGR2; interferon gamma receptor 2 [KO:K05133]
102544515  JAK2; tyrosine-protein kinase JAK2 [KO:K04447] [EC:2.7.10.2]
102532423  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DP alpha 1 chain [KO:K06752]
102535226  HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DO beta chain-like [KO:K06752]
102537458  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: SLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DQ haplotype D alpha chain-like [KO:K06752]
116284686  DLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DR-1 beta chain-like [KO:K06752]
102533644  rano class II histocompatibility antigen, A beta chain-like [KO:K06752]
102536963  mamu class II histocompatibility antigen, DR alpha chain [KO:K06752]
102537705  DLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DR-1 beta chain-like [KO:K06752]
102534820  SLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DQ haplotype D alpha chain [KO:K06752]
102532668  HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DO alpha chain [KO:K06752]
102532908  HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DM alpha chain isoform X2 [KO:K06752]
102533164  HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DM beta chain [KO:K06752]
102527680  NLRP3; NACHT, LRR and PYD domains-containing protein 3 [KO:K12800]
102532249  apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD isoform X2 [KO:K12799]
102539634  CASP1; caspase-1 [KO:K01370] [EC:3.4.22.36]
102540203  IL18; interleukin-18 isoform X3 [KO:K05482]
102525698  IL33; interleukin-33 [KO:K12967]
102532395  PIK3R1; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K02649]
102536302  PIK3R2; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit beta [KO:K02649]
102536225  phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit gamma [KO:K02649]
102540289  PIK3CB; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
102524821  PIK3CD; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
102543068  PIK3CA; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
102526860  AKT1; RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
102546009  AKT2; RAC-beta serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
102542031  AKT3; RAC-gamma serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
102526417  CCND3; G1/S-specific cyclin-D3 isoform X1 [KO:K10152]
102532580  CDK4; cyclin-dependent kinase 4 isoform X1 [KO:K02089] [EC:2.7.11.22]
102538603  CDK6; cyclin-dependent kinase 6 [KO:K02091] [EC:2.7.11.22]
102537869  TNFSF10; tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 10 [KO:K04721]
107033437  tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 10A-like [KO:K04722]
116286113  tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 10A-like isoform X1 [KO:K04722]
102536116  FASLG; tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 6 [KO:K04389]
102535267  FAS; tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 6 isoform X1 [KO:K04390]
102544341  TNFRSF1A; tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 1A [KO:K03158]
102526687  TRADD; tumor necrosis factor receptor type 1-associated DEATH domain protein [KO:K03171]
102542071  CASP8; caspase-8 [KO:K04398] [EC:3.4.22.61]
102537080  BID; BH3-interacting domain death agonist isoform X1 [KO:K04726]
102543566  BAX; apoptosis regulator BAX isoform X1 [KO:K02159]
102528494  BAK1; bcl-2 homologous antagonist/killer isoform X1 [KO:K14021]
102538007  VDAC1; voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 1 [KO:K05862]
102540562  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: ADP/ATP translocase 2-like [KO:K05863]
102541487  SLC25A6; ADP/ATP translocase 3 [KO:K05863]
102542346  SLC25A4; ADP/ATP translocase 1 [KO:K05863]
102539023  SLC25A31; ADP/ATP translocase 4 [KO:K05863]
102534683  cytochrome c, testis-specific [KO:K08738]
102535382  cytochrome c [KO:K08738]
102538116  APAF1; apoptotic protease-activating factor 1 isoform X3 [KO:K02084]
116282869  caspase-9-like [KO:K04399] [EC:3.4.22.62]
102541258  CASP3; caspase-3 [KO:K02187] [EC:3.4.22.56]
102525600  CPSF4L; putative cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor subunit 4-like protein isoform X2 [KO:K14404]
102527677  CPSF4; cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor subunit 4 isoform X2 [KO:K14404]
102533286  PABPN1L; embryonic polyadenylate-binding protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K14396]
102535701  NXF1; nuclear RNA export factor 1 [KO:K14284]
102545717  NXT1; NTF2-related export protein 1 [KO:K14285]
102525841  NXT2; NTF2-related export protein 2 isoform X2 [KO:K14285]
102539789  HNRNPUL1; heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein U-like protein 1 isoform X2 [KO:K15047]
102526394  RAE1; mRNA export factor [KO:K14298]
102538739  NUP98; nuclear pore complex protein Nup98-Nup96 isoform X3 [KO:K14297]
102541086  RSAD2; radical S-adenosyl methionine domain-containing protein 2 [KO:K15045]
102542102  FDPS; farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase isoform X2 [KO:K00787] [EC:2.5.1.1 2.5.1.10]
102541926  PRKCA; protein kinase C alpha type isoform X2 [KO:K02677] [EC:2.7.11.13]
102543308  RAF1; RAF proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04366] [EC:2.7.11.1]
102530118  MAP2K1; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 [KO:K04368] [EC:2.7.12.2]
102534668  MAP2K2; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 2 [KO:K04369] [EC:2.7.12.2]
102536713  MAPK3; mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
102528720  MAPK1; mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
102541205  actin, cytoplasmic 1-like [KO:K05692]
102527650  actin, cytoplasmic 1-like [KO:K05692]
102532595  actin, cytoplasmic 1-like [KO:K05692]
107032833  actin, cytoplasmic 1-like [KO:K05692]
102534524  ACTB; actin, cytoplasmic 1 [KO:K05692]
102535619  actin, cytoplasmic 1-like [KO:K05692]
102535408  actin, cytoplasmic 1-like [KO:K05692]
102526754  ACTG1; actin, cytoplasmic 2 [KO:K05692]
102529421  RAB11A; ras-related protein Rab-11A [KO:K07904]
102540235  RAB11B; ras-related protein Rab-11B [KO:K07905]
102530690  XPO1; exportin-1 isoform X1 [KO:K14290]
102529988  KPNA1; importin subunit alpha-5 [KO:K23940]
102529328  KPNA7; importin subunit alpha-8 [KO:K15043]
102539706  KPNA2; importin subunit alpha-1 [KO:K15043]
102544239  KPNA5; importin subunit alpha-6 [KO:K15042]
102527871  KPNA6; importin subunit alpha-7 isoform X1 [KO:K15042]
Compound
C00027  Hydrogen peroxide
C00080  H+
C05981  Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate
Reference
PMID:24225499
  Authors
Edinger TO, Pohl MO, Stertz S
  Title
Entry of influenza A virus: host factors and antiviral targets.
  Journal
J Gen Virol 95:263-77 (2014)
DOI:10.1099/vir.0.059477-0
Reference
PMID:19565019
  Authors
Kido H, Okumura Y, Takahashi E, Pan HY, Wang S, Chida J, Le TQ, Yano M
  Title
Host envelope glycoprotein processing proteases are indispensable for entry into human cells by seasonal and highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses.
  Journal
J Mol Genet Med 3:167-75 (2008)
Reference
PMID:27751627
  Authors
Ramakrishnan B, Viswanathan K, Tharakaraman K, Dancik V, Raman R, Babcock GJ, Shriver Z, Sasisekharan R
  Title
A Structural and Mathematical Modeling Analysis of the Likelihood of Antibody-Dependent Enhancement in Influenza.
  Journal
Trends Microbiol 24:933-943 (2016)
DOI:10.1016/j.tim.2016.09.003
Reference
PMID:18588994
  Authors
Thanh TT, van Doorn HR, de Jong MD
  Title
Human H5N1 influenza: current insight into pathogenesis.
  Journal
Int J Biochem Cell Biol 40:2671-4 (2008)
DOI:10.1016/j.biocel.2008.05.019
Reference
PMID:23977434
  Authors
Michael P, Brabant D, Bleiblo F, Ramana CV, Rutherford M, Khurana S, Tai TC, Kumar A, Kumar A
  Title
Influenza A induced cellular signal transduction pathways.
  Journal
J Thorac Dis 5 Suppl 2:S132-41 (2013)
DOI:10.3978/j.issn.2072-1439.2013.07.42
Reference
PMID:20020828
  Authors
Hale BG, Albrecht RA, Garcia-Sastre A
  Title
Innate immune evasion strategies of influenza viruses.
  Journal
Future Microbiol 5:23-41 (2010)
DOI:10.2217/fmb.09.108
Reference
PMID:21698289
  Authors
Sharma K, Tripathi S, Ranjan P, Kumar P, Garten R, Deyde V, Katz JM, Cox NJ, Lal RB, Sambhara S, Lal SK
  Title
Influenza A virus nucleoprotein exploits Hsp40 to inhibit PKR activation.
  Journal
PLoS One 6:e20215 (2011)
DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0020215
Reference
PMID:19782761
  Authors
Ehrhardt C, Seyer R, Hrincius ER, Eierhoff T, Wolff T, Ludwig S
  Title
Interplay between influenza A virus and the innate immune signaling.
  Journal
Microbes Infect 12:81-7 (2010)
DOI:10.1016/j.micinf.2009.09.007
Reference
PMID:23170167
  Authors
van de Sandt CE, Kreijtz JH, Rimmelzwaan GF
  Title
Evasion of influenza A viruses from innate and adaptive immune responses.
  Journal
Viruses 4:1438-76 (2012)
DOI:10.3390/v4091438
Reference
PMID:30487536
  Authors
Long JS, Mistry B, Haslam SM, Barclay WS
  Title
Host and viral determinants of influenza A virus species specificity.
  Journal
Nat Rev Microbiol 17:67-81 (2019)
DOI:10.1038/s41579-018-0115-z
Reference
PMID:29556226
  Authors
Chen X, Liu S, Goraya MU, Maarouf M, Huang S, Chen JL
  Title
Host Immune Response to Influenza A Virus Infection.
  Journal
Front Immunol 9:320 (2018)
DOI:10.3389/fimmu.2018.00320
Reference
PMID:20130137
  Authors
Lu X, Masic A, Li Y, Shin Y, Liu Q, Zhou Y
  Title
The PI3K/Akt pathway inhibits influenza A virus-induced Bax-mediated apoptosis by negatively regulating the JNK pathway via ASK1.
  Journal
J Gen Virol 91:1439-49 (2010)
DOI:10.1099/vir.0.018465-0
Reference
PMID:18980544
  Authors
Ichinohe T, Iwasaki A, Hasegawa H
  Title
Innate sensors of influenza virus: clues to developing better intranasal vaccines.
  Journal
Expert Rev Vaccines 7:1435-45 (2008)
DOI:10.1586/14760584.7.9.1435
Reference
PMID:27231932
  Authors
Le Sage V, Cinti A, Amorim R, Mouland AJ
  Title
Adapting the Stress Response: Viral Subversion of the mTOR Signaling Pathway.
  Journal
Viruses 8:E152 (2016)
DOI:10.3390/v8060152
Reference
PMID:30510918
  Authors
Fan Y, Sanyal S, Bruzzone R
  Title
Breaking Bad: How Viruses Subvert the Cell Cycle.
  Journal
Front Cell Infect Microbiol 8:396 (2018)
DOI:10.3389/fcimb.2018.00396
Reference
PMID:21971186
  Authors
Varga ZT, Palese P
  Title
The influenza A virus protein PB1-F2: killing two birds with one stone?
  Journal
Virulence 2:542-6 (2011)
DOI:10.4161/viru.2.6.17812
Reference
PMID:30254192
  Authors
Atkin-Smith GK, Duan M, Chen W, Poon IKH
  Title
The induction and consequences of Influenza A virus-induced cell death.
  Journal
Cell Death Dis 9:1002 (2018)
DOI:10.1038/s41419-018-1035-6
Reference
PMID:30545063
  Authors
Nogales A, Martinez-Sobrido L, Topham DJ, DeDiego ML
  Title
Modulation of Innate Immune Responses by the Influenza A NS1 and PA-X Proteins.
  Journal
Viruses 10:E708 (2018)
DOI:10.3390/v10120708
Reference
PMID:21253874
  Authors
Dai X, Zhang L, Hong T
  Title
Host cellular signaling induced by influenza virus.
  Journal
Sci China Life Sci 54:68-74 (2011)
DOI:10.1007/s11427-010-4116-z
Reference
PMID:26008706
  Authors
Li J, Yu M, Zheng W, Liu W
  Title
Nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of influenza A virus proteins.
  Journal
Viruses 7:2668-82 (2015)
DOI:10.3390/v7052668
Reference
PMID:30079062
  Authors
Dou D, Revol R, Ostbye H, Wang H, Daniels R
  Title
Influenza A Virus Cell Entry, Replication, Virion Assembly and Movement.
  Journal
Front Immunol 9:1581 (2018)
DOI:10.3389/fimmu.2018.01581
Reference
PMID:23236273
  Authors
Paterson D, Fodor E
  Title
Emerging roles for the influenza A virus nuclear export protein (NEP).
  Journal
PLoS Pathog 8:e1003019 (2012)
DOI:10.1371/journal.ppat.1003019
Related
pathway
vpc00900  Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis
vpc03013  Nucleocytoplasmic transport
vpc03015  mRNA surveillance pathway
vpc04010  MAPK signaling pathway
vpc04110  Cell cycle
vpc04144  Endocytosis
vpc04210  Apoptosis
vpc04620  Toll-like receptor signaling pathway
vpc04621  NOD-like receptor signaling pathway
vpc04622  RIG-I-like receptor signaling pathway
vpc04630  JAK-STAT signaling pathway
vpc05416  Viral myocarditis
KO pathway
ko05164   
LinkDB

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