Entry
Name
cAMP signaling pathway - Mirounga leonina (Southern elephant seal)
Description
cAMP is one of the most common and universal second messengers, and its formation is promoted by adenylyl cyclase (AC) activation after ligation of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) by ligands including hormones, neurotransmitters, and other signaling molecules. cAMP regulates pivotal physiologic processes including metabolism, secretion, calcium homeostasis, muscle contraction, cell fate, and gene transcription. cAMP acts directly on three main targets: protein kinase A (PKA), the exchange protein activated by cAMP (Epac), and cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channels (CNGCs). PKA modulates, via phosphorylation, a number of cellular substrates, including transcription factors, ion channels, transporters, exchangers, intracellular Ca2+ -handling proteins, and the contractile machinery. Epac proteins function as guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) for both Rap1 and Rap2. Various effector proteins, including adaptor proteins implicated in modulation of the actin cytoskeleton, regulators of G proteins of the Rho family, and phospholipases, relay signaling downstream from Rap.
Class
Environmental Information Processing; Signal transduction
BRITE hierarchy
Pathway map
Ortholog table
Other DBs
Organism
Mirounga leonina (Southern elephant seal) [GN:
mlx ]
Gene
118004551 ADCYAP1; pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide [KO:K05262 ]
118020938 ADCYAP1R1; pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide type I receptor isoform X1 [KO:K04587 ]
118026748 VIPR2; vasoactive intestinal polypeptide receptor 2 isoform X1 [KO:K04590 ]
118020932 CRHR2; corticotropin-releasing factor receptor 2 isoform X1 [KO:K04579 ]
118023087 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(s) subunit alpha-like [KO:K04632 ]
118024010 guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(s) subunit alpha isoforms XLas isoform X1 [KO:K04632 ]
118017906 GABBR2; gamma-aminobutyric acid type B receptor subunit 2 [KO:K04615 ]
117999714 GABBR1; gamma-aminobutyric acid type B receptor subunit 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04615 ]
118019274 PTGER3; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: prostaglandin E2 receptor EP3 subtype [KO:K04260 ]
118019030 GNAI3; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha [KO:K04630 ]
118005775 GNAI2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-2 [KO:K04630 ]
118020679 GNAI1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-1 [KO:K04630 ]
118008222 CNGA3; cyclic nucleotide-gated cation channel alpha-3 [KO:K04950 ]
118003875 CNGA4; cyclic nucleotide-gated cation channel alpha-4 [KO:K04951 ]
118003137 CALML4; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: calmodulin-like protein 4 [KO:K02183 ]
118027107 CAMK2D; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit delta isoform X1 [KO:K04515 ] [EC:2.7.11.17 ]
118021697 CAMK2G; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit gamma isoform X1 [KO:K04515 ] [EC:2.7.11.17 ]
118007063 POPDC2; popeye domain-containing protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K26206 ]
118014336 KCNK2; potassium channel subfamily K member 2 isoform X1 [KO:K04913 ]
118005864 HCN2; potassium/sodium hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channel 2 [KO:K04955 ]
118003022 HCN4; potassium/sodium hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channel 4 [KO:K04957 ]
118008918 RAPGEF3; rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 3 isoform X1 [KO:K08014 ]
118012324 RAPGEF4; rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 4 isoform X1 [KO:K04351 ]
118018814 TIAM1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: T-lymphoma invasion and metastasis-inducing protein 1 [KO:K05731 ]
118017539 VAV2; guanine nucleotide exchange factor VAV2 isoform X1 [KO:K05730 ]
118018155 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1-like [KO:K04392 ]
117999338 RAC1; ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04392 ]
117998715 RAC2; ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 2 isoform X1 [KO:K07860 ]
118024428 RAC3; ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 3 isoform X1 [KO:K07861 ]
118016745 ARAP3; arf-GAP with Rho-GAP domain, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K12490 ]
118004424 PIK3CB; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform [KO:K00922 ] [EC:2.7.1.153 ]
118020028 PIK3CD; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K00922 ] [EC:2.7.1.153 ]
118006556 PIK3CA; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K00922 ] [EC:2.7.1.153 ]
118016863 PIK3R1; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K02649 ]
118019468 PIK3R3; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit gamma [KO:K02649 ]
118006042 PIK3R2; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit beta [KO:K02649 ]
118025064 PPP1R1B; protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 1B isoform X1 [KO:K15494 ]
118012101 CREB1; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K05870 ]
118015807 CREB3L1; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 1 [KO:K09048 ]
118017967 CREB3; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K09048 ]
118005189 CREB3L3; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 3 [KO:K09048 ]
118013832 CREB3L4; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 4 isoform X1 [KO:K09048 ]
118021134 CREB3L2; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 2 [KO:K09048 ]
118021299 CREB5; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 5 [KO:K09047 ]
118027047 NFKB1; nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit isoform X1 [KO:K02580 ]
117998558 PPARA; peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha isoform X1 [KO:K07294 ]
118004651 NFATC1; nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04446 ]
118008531 PPP1R12A; protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 12A isoform X1 [KO:K06270 ]
118018172 GRIN1; glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1 isoform X1 [KO:K05208 ]
118005208 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3B-like [KO:K05214 ]
118000178 ATP1B2; sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-2 isoform X1 [KO:K01540 ]
118003004 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-3-like [KO:K01540 ]
118004626 ATP1B3; sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-3 [KO:K01540 ]
118014510 ATP1B1; sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-1 [KO:K01540 ]
118013274 FXYD2; sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit gamma isoform X1 [KO:K01538 ]
118018437 ORAI1; calcium release-activated calcium channel protein 1 [KO:K16056 ]
118025809 CACNA1C; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1C isoform X1 [KO:K04850 ]
118006050 CACNA1D; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1D isoform X1 [KO:K04851 ]
118008972 CACNA1F; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1F isoform X1 [KO:K04853 ]
118014221 CACNA1S; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1S isoform X1 [KO:K04857 ]
Compound
C01245 D-myo-Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate
Reference
Authors
Fimia GM, Sassone-Corsi P
Title
Cyclic AMP signalling.
Journal
J Cell Sci 114:1971-2 (2001)
Reference
Authors
Serezani CH, Ballinger MN, Aronoff DM, Peters-Golden M
Title
Cyclic AMP: master regulator of innate immune cell function.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Oldenburger A, Maarsingh H, Schmidt M
Title
Multiple facets of cAMP signalling and physiological impact: cAMP compartmentalization in the lung.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Ahuja M, Jha A, Maleth J, Park S, Muallem S
Title
cAMP and Ca signaling in secretory epithelia: Crosstalk and synergism.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Shirshev SV
Title
Role of Epac proteins in mechanisms of cAMP-dependent immunoregulation.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Roscioni SS, Elzinga CR, Schmidt M
Title
Epac: effectors and biological functions.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Roberts OL, Dart C
Title
cAMP signalling in the vasculature: the role of Epac (exchange protein directly activated by cAMP).
Journal
Reference
Authors
Schaub MC, Hefti MA, Zaugg M
Title
Integration of calcium with the signaling network in cardiac myocytes.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Triposkiadis F, Karayannis G, Giamouzis G, Skoularigis J, Louridas G, Butler J
Title
The sympathetic nervous system in heart failure physiology, pathophysiology, and clinical implications.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Saucerman JJ, McCulloch AD
Title
Mechanistic systems models of cell signaling networks: a case study of myocyte adrenergic regulation.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Yang JH, Saucerman JJ
Title
Computational models reduce complexity and accelerate insight into cardiac signaling networks.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Taggart P, Boyett MR, Logantha S, Lambiase PD
Title
Anger, emotion, and arrhythmias: from brain to heart.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Bozzi Y, Dunleavy M, Henshall DC
Title
Cell signaling underlying epileptic behavior.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Lizcano JM, Morrice N, Cohen P
Title
Regulation of BAD by cAMP-dependent protein kinase is mediated via phosphorylation of a novel site, Ser155.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Gerlo S, Kooijman R, Beck IM, Kolmus K, Spooren A, Haegeman G
Title
Cyclic AMP: a selective modulator of NF-kappaB action.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Lauder JM
Title
Neurotransmitters as growth regulatory signals: role of receptors and second messengers.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Voglis G, Tavernarakis N
Title
The role of synaptic ion channels in synaptic plasticity.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Altarejos JY, Montminy M
Title
CREB and the CRTC co-activators: sensors for hormonal and metabolic signals.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Bozzi Y, Borrelli E
Title
The role of dopamine signaling in epileptogenesis.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Ceulemans H, Bollen M
Title
Functional diversity of protein phosphatase-1, a cellular economizer and reset button.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Lipinski RJ, Gipp JJ, Zhang J, Doles JD, Bushman W
Title
Unique and complimentary activities of the Gli transcription factors in Hedgehog signaling.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Lasala C, Schteingart HF, Arouche N, Bedecarras P, Grinspon RP, Picard JY, Josso N, di Clemente N, Rey RA
Title
SOX9 and SF1 are involved in cyclic AMP-mediated upregulation of anti-Mullerian gene expression in the testicular prepubertal Sertoli cell line SMAT1.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Rosenkranz AC, Rauch BH, Freidel K, Schror K
Title
Regulation of protease-activated receptor-1 by vasodilatory prostaglandins via NFAT.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Lazennec G, Canaple L, Saugy D, Wahli W
Title
Activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) by their ligands and protein kinase A activators.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Murthy KS
Title
Signaling for contraction and relaxation in smooth muscle of the gut.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Birukova AA, Zagranichnaya T, Alekseeva E, Bokoch GM, Birukov KG
Title
Epac/Rap and PKA are novel mechanisms of ANP-induced Rac-mediated pulmonary endothelial barrier protection.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Houslay MD, Milligan G
Title
Tailoring cAMP-signalling responses through isoform multiplicity.
Journal
Related pathway
KO pathway
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