KEGG   PATHWAY: rno04140
Entry
rno04140                    Pathway                                
Name
Autophagy - animal - Rattus norvegicus (rat)
Description
Autophagy (or macroautophagy) is a cellular catabolic pathway involving in protein degradation, organelle turnover, and non-selective breakdown of cytoplasmic components, which is evolutionarily conserved among eukaryotes and exquisitely regulated. This progress initiates with production of the autophagosome, a double-membrane intracellular structure of reticular origin that engulfs cytoplasmic contents and ultimately fuses with lysosomes for cargo degradation. Autophagy is regulated in response to extra- or intracellular stress and signals such as starvation, growth factor deprivation and ER stress. Constitutive level of autophagy plays an important role in cellular homeostasis and maintains quality control of essential cellular components.
Class
Cellular Processes; Transport and catabolism
Pathway map
rno04140  Autophagy - animal
rno04140

Other DBs
GO: 0006914
Organism
Rattus norvegicus (rat) [GN:rno]
Gene
100362453  Ppp2cal1; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit alpha isoform-like [KO:K04382] [EC:3.1.3.16]
100363472  [KO:K21246]
100912032  Rps27a; ubiquitin-ribosomal protein eS31 fusion protein [KO:K02977]
108348989  Hmgb1l1; high mobility group protein B1-like [KO:K10802]
108349189  Hmgb1l2; high mobility group protein B1-like [KO:K10802]
108350839  [KO:K10802]
113894  Sqstm1; sequestosome-1 isoform 1 [KO:K14381]
113961  Gorasp2; Golgi reassembly-stacking protein 2 [KO:K26797]
114558  Becn1; beclin-1 [KO:K08334]
114859  Eif2ak4; eIF-2-alpha kinase GCN2 [KO:K16196] [EC:2.7.11.1]
116500  Snap29; synaptosomal-associated protein 29 [KO:K08509]
116554  Mapk8; mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
116590  Mapk1; mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
117043  RragB; ras-related GTP-binding protein B [KO:K16185]
117044  Rraga; ras-related GTP-binding protein A [KO:K16185]
117103  Rab8a; ras-related protein Rab-8A [KO:K07901]
117279  Cflar; CASP8 and FADD-like apoptosis regulator isoform 1 [KO:K04724]
120098596  Gabarapl4; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor-associated protein-like 2 [KO:K08341]
134478941  [KO:K10802]
134483981  [KO:K10802]
134484121  [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
134484162  [KO:K08341]
134485624  [KO:K10802]
134486889  [KO:K10802]
140942  Ddit4; DNA damage-inducible transcript 4 protein [KO:K08270]
170538  Prkcd; protein kinase C delta type [KO:K06068] [EC:2.7.11.13]
170851  Map2k1; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 [KO:K04368] [EC:2.7.12.2]
170911  Pik3ca; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
171293  Ctsd; cathepsin D precursor [KO:K01379] [EC:3.4.23.5]
171415  Atg3; ubiquitin-like-conjugating enzyme ATG3 [KO:K08343]
192129  Vmp1; vacuole membrane protein 1 [KO:K21248]
192255  Ubb; polyubiquitin-B precursor [KO:K04551]
24185  Akt1; RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
24224  Bcl2; apoptosis regulator Bcl-2 [KO:K02161]
24505  Ins1; insulin-1 preproprotein [KO:K04526]
24506  Ins2; insulin-2 preproprotein [KO:K04526]
24525  Kras; GTPase KRas [KO:K07827]
24605  Nras; GTPase NRas [KO:K07828]
246244  Tax1bp1; tax1-binding protein 1 homolog [KO:K21347]
246294  Optn; optineurin [KO:K19946]
24672  Ppp2ca; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K04382] [EC:3.1.3.16]
24673  Ppp2cb; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit beta isoform [KO:K04382] [EC:3.1.3.16]
24703  Raf1; RAF proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04366] [EC:2.7.11.1]
24855  Tsc2; tuberin [KO:K07207]
24888  Bcl2l1; bcl-2-like protein 1 isoform 2 [KO:K04570]
24944  Lamp2; lysosome-associated membrane glycoprotein 2 precursor [KO:K06528]
25233  Akt2; RAC-beta serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
25262  Itpr1; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1 isoform 3 [KO:K04958]
25272  Mapk10; mitogen-activated protein kinase 10 isoform 2 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
252853  Stx17; syntaxin-17 [KO:K08491]
252961  Tank; TRAF family member-associated NF-kappa-B activator isoform 2 [KO:K12650]
25328  Lamp1; lysosome-associated membrane glycoprotein 1 precursor [KO:K06528]
25459  Hmgb1; high mobility group protein B1 [KO:K10802]
25467  Irs1; insulin receptor substrate 1 [KO:K16172]
25482  Mras; ras-related protein M-Ras [KO:K07831]
25513  Pik3r1; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit alpha [KO:K02649]
25636  Prkaca; cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
25697  Ctsl; procathepsin L preproprotein [KO:K01365] [EC:3.4.22.15]
25718  Igf1r; insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor isoform 2 precursor [KO:K05087] [EC:2.7.10.1]
26954  Rheb; GTP-binding protein Rheb [KO:K07208]
287607  Mtmr4; myotubularin-related protein 4 [KO:K18082] [EC:3.1.3.48 3.1.3.64 3.1.3.95]
287871  Rptor; regulatory-associated protein of mTOR [KO:K07204]
288498  Wipi2; WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 2 [KO:K17908]
292156  Sh3glb1; endophilin-B1 [KO:K11248]
292887  Akt1s1; proline-rich AKT1 substrate 1 [KO:K16184]
293508  Prkacb; cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit beta [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
293621  Hras; GTPase HRas [KO:K02833]
29376  Irs2; insulin receptor substrate 2 [KO:K07187]
29414  Akt3; RAC-gamma serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
29448  Rab7a; ras-related protein Rab-7a [KO:K07897]
29560  Hif1a; hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha [KO:K08268]
296083  Vps18; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 18 homolog [KO:K20181]
296159  Vps16; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 16 homolog [KO:K20180]
29702  Eif2ak3; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2-alpha kinase 3 precursor [KO:K08860] [EC:2.7.11.1]
29741  Pik3r2; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit beta [KO:K02649]
297960  Rragd; ras-related GTP-binding protein D [KO:K16186]
298514  Rragc; ras-related GTP-binding protein C [KO:K16186]
299188  Zfyve1; zinc finger FYVE domain-containing protein 1 [KO:K17603]
299827  Tbk1; serine/threonine-protein kinase TBK1 [KO:K05410] [EC:2.7.11.10]
300240  Atg101; autophagy-related protein 101 isoform 2 [KO:K19730]
300799  Dapk2; death-associated protein kinase 2 isoform 1 [KO:K08803] [EC:2.7.11.1]
302559  Wdr45; WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 4 isoform 2 [KO:K22991]
303206  Ulk2; serine/threonine-protein kinase ULK2 [KO:K08269] [EC:2.7.11.1]
303479  Calcoco2; calcium-binding and coiled-coil domain-containing protein 2 [KO:K21348]
303554  Nbr1; next to BRCA1 gene 1 protein [KO:K17987]
303584  Plekhm1; pleckstrin homology domain-containing family M member 1 [KO:K23282]
303630  Wipi1; WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 1 [KO:K17908]
303885  Rubcn; rubicon autophagy regulator [KO:K19330]
305164  Wdfy3; WD repeat and FYVE domain-containing protein 3 [KO:K22262]
305482  Mtmr3; myotubularin-related protein 3 [KO:K18082] [EC:3.1.3.48 3.1.3.64 3.1.3.95]
305831  Atg14; beclin 1-associated autophagy-related key regulator [KO:K17889]
306722  Dapk1; death-associated protein kinase 1 [KO:K08803] [EC:2.7.11.1]
306991  Vps41; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 41 homolog [KO:K20184]
308846  Uvrag; UV radiation resistance-associated gene protein isoform 1 [KO:K21249]
308865  Atg16l2; protein Atg16l2 [KO:K20868]
311245  Traf6; TNF receptor-associated factor 6 [KO:K03175] [EC:2.3.2.27]
312634  Mtmr14; myotubularin-related protein 14 [KO:K18086] [EC:3.1.3.64 3.1.3.95]
312647  Atg7; ubiquitin-like modifier-activating enzyme ATG7 [KO:K08337]
312927  Rb1cc1; RB1-inducible coiled-coil protein 1 [KO:K17589]
313121  Map3k7; mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 7 [KO:K04427] [EC:2.7.11.25]
313155  RGD1359108; guanine nucleotide exchange factor C9orf72 homolog [KO:K23609]
313391  Atg4c; cysteine protease ATG4C [KO:K08342] [EC:3.4.22.-]
313876  Birc6; baculoviral IAP repeat-containing protein 6 [KO:K10586] [EC:2.3.2.23]
314415  Atg2b; autophagy related 2B [KO:K17906]
314621  Stk11; serine/threonine-protein kinase STK11 [KO:K07298] [EC:2.7.11.1]
314979  Deptor; DEP domain containing MTOR-interacting protein [KO:K20402]
315350  Irs4; insulin receptor substrate 4 [KO:K17446]
315600  Vps11; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 11 homolog [KO:K20179]
316640  Atg4b; cysteine protease ATG4B [KO:K08342] [EC:3.4.22.-]
360682  Wdr45b; WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 3 [KO:K22991]
360827  Ulk1; serine/threonine-protein kinase ULK1 [KO:K21357] [EC:2.7.11.1]
361321  Atg12; ubiquitin-like protein ATG12 [KO:K08336]
361568  Rras; ras-related protein R-Ras [KO:K07829]
361696  Rps6kb2; ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta-2 [KO:K04688] [EC:2.7.11.1]
361879  Wdr41; WD repeat-containing protein 41 isoform 1 [KO:K23610]
361946  Supt20h; transcription factor SPT20 homolog [KO:K21245]
362164  Atg13; autophagy-related protein 13 [KO:K08331]
362199  Vps39; vam6/Vps39-like protein [KO:K20183]
362245  Map1lc3a; microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3A [KO:K10435]
362246  Tp53inp2; tumor protein p53-inducible nuclear protein 2 [KO:K21247]
363131  Pik3r4; phosphoinositide 3-kinase regulatory subunit 4 [KO:K08333] [EC:2.7.11.1]
363254  Atg9a; autophagy-related protein 9A [KO:K17907]
363278  Atg16l1; autophagy-related protein 16-1 [KO:K17890]
364068  Uba52-ps19; ubiquitin-ribosomal protein eL40 fusion protein-like [KO:K02927]
364902  Epg5; ectopic P granules protein 5 homolog isoform X2 [KO:K23883]
365355  Rras2; ras-related protein R-Ras2 [KO:K07830]
365601  Atg5; autophagy protein 5 isoform 1 [KO:K08339]
365793  Rab33b; ras-related protein Rab-33B [KO:K07920]
366508  Pik3cd; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
367858  Hrasl1; HRas proto-oncogene, GTPase like 1 [KO:K02833]
497907  Hmgb1l5; high mobility group protein B1-like [KO:K10802]
497918  Smcr8; guanine nucleotide exchange protein SMCR8 [KO:K23611]
498013  Ern1; serine/threonine-protein kinase/endoribonuclease IRE1 [KO:K08852] [EC:2.7.11.1 3.1.26.-]
499670  RGD1560263; nuclear receptor-binding factor 2-like isoform X1 [KO:K21246]
499973  Atg9b; autophagy-related protein 9B [KO:K17907]
501854  Rab7b; ras-related protein Rab-7b [KO:K07898]
502919  Igbp1b; immunoglobulin-binding protein 1b [KO:K17606]
50522  Ubc; polyubiquitin-C isoform 3 precursor [KO:K08770]
50557  Pten; phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate 3-phosphatase and dual-specificity protein phosphatase PTEN [KO:K01110] [EC:3.1.3.16 3.1.3.48 3.1.3.67]
50658  Mapk9; mitogen-activated protein kinase 9 isoform 2 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
50689  Mapk3; mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
54318  Eif2s1; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit 1 [KO:K03237]
56082  Gorasp1; Golgi reassembly-stacking protein 1 [KO:K26797]
56718  Mtor; serine/threonine-protein kinase mTOR [KO:K07203] [EC:2.7.11.1]
58839  Nrbf2; nuclear receptor-binding factor 2 [KO:K21246]
58845  Igbp1; immunoglobulin-binding protein 1 [KO:K17606]
58960  Map2k2; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 2 [KO:K04369] [EC:2.7.12.2]
58974  Gabarap; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor-associated protein [KO:K08341]
59319  Ambra1; activating molecule in BECN1-regulated autophagy protein 1 [KO:K17985]
60445  Tsc1; hamartin [KO:K07206]
60466  Stx7; syntaxin-7 [KO:K08488]
60574  Prap1; proline-rich acidic protein 1 precursor [KO:K21250]
60664  Pik3r3; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit gamma [KO:K02649]
64156  Uba52; ubiquitin-ribosomal protein eL40 fusion protein [KO:K02927]
64226  Mlst8; target of rapamycin complex subunit LST8 [KO:K08266]
64351  Ykt6; synaptobrevin homolog YKT6 [KO:K08516]
64391  Dapk3; death-associated protein kinase 3 [KO:K08803] [EC:2.7.11.1]
64529  Ctsb; cathepsin B preproprotein [KO:K01363] [EC:3.4.22.1]
64639  Bad; bcl2-associated agonist of cell death [KO:K02158]
64670  Gabarapl2; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor-associated protein-like 2 [KO:K08341]
64862  Map1lc3b; microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3B [KO:K10435]
65052  Pik3c3; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase catalytic subunit type 3 [KO:K00914] [EC:2.7.1.137]
65081  Vps33a; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 33A [KO:K20182]
65248  Prkaa1; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-1 [KO:K07198] [EC:2.7.11.31]
678769  Atg4a; cysteine protease ATG4A [KO:K08342] [EC:3.4.22.-]
686505  Atg4d; cysteine protease ATG4D [KO:K08342] [EC:3.4.22.-]
688555  Atg10; ubiquitin-like-conjugating enzyme ATG10 [KO:K17888]
689161  Gabarapl1; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor-associated protein-like 1 [KO:K08341]
689688  Atg2a; autophagy-related protein 2 homolog A [KO:K17906]
690521  Hmgb1l3; high mobility group protein B1-like [KO:K10802]
78975  Prkaa2; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-2 [KO:K07198] [EC:2.7.11.31]
81745  Pdpk1; 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1 [KO:K06276] [EC:2.7.11.1]
81754  Rab1a; ras-related protein Rab-1A [KO:K07874]
83506  Camkk2; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase 2 isoform 1 [KO:K07359] [EC:2.7.11.17]
83730  Vamp8; vesicle-associated membrane protein 8 [KO:K08512]
83840  Rps6kb1; ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta-1 [KO:K04688] [EC:2.7.11.1]
84021  Irs3; insulin receptor substrate 3 [KO:K17445]
84480  Bnip3; BCL2/adenovirus E1B 19 kDa protein-interacting protein 3 [KO:K15464]
85243  Pik3cb; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
85420  Prkcq; protein kinase C theta type [KO:K18052] [EC:2.7.11.13]
Compound
C00035  GDP
C00044  GTP
C00350  Phosphatidylethanolamine
C01194  1-Phosphatidyl-D-myo-inositol
C04549  1-Phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3-phosphate
C05981  Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate
Reference
PMID:15325584
  Authors
Meijer AJ, Codogno P.
  Title
Regulation and role of autophagy in mammalian cells.
  Journal
Int J Biochem Cell Biol 36:2445-62 (2004)
DOI:10.1016/j.biocel.2004.02.002
Reference
PMID:16099218
  Authors
Deretic V.
  Title
Autophagy in innate and adaptive immunity.
  Journal
Trends Immunol 26:523-8 (2005)
DOI:10.1016/j.it.2005.08.003
Reference
PMID:16200202
  Authors
Levine B, Yuan J.
  Title
Autophagy in cell death: an innocent convict?
  Journal
J Clin Invest 115:2679-88 (2005)
DOI:10.1172/JCI26390
Reference
PMID:15325588
  Authors
Tanida I, Ueno T, Kominami E.
  Title
LC3 conjugation system in mammalian autophagy.
  Journal
Int J Biochem Cell Biol 36:2503-18 (2004)
DOI:10.1016/j.biocel.2004.05.009
Reference
PMID:15928708
  Authors
Lum JJ, DeBerardinis RJ, Thompson CB.
  Title
Autophagy in metazoans: cell survival in the land of plenty.
  Journal
Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 6:439-48 (2005)
DOI:10.1038/nrm1660
Reference
PMID:15978794
  Authors
Reggiori F, Klionsky DJ.
  Title
Autophagosomes: biogenesis from scratch?
  Journal
Curr Opin Cell Biol 17:415-22 (2005)
DOI:10.1016/j.ceb.2005.06.007
Reference
PMID:11099404
  Authors
Klionsky DJ, Emr SD.
  Title
Autophagy as a regulated pathway of cellular degradation.
  Journal
Science 290:1717-21 (2000)
DOI:10.1126/science.290.5497.1717
Reference
PMID:16125113
  Authors
Bechet D, Tassa A, Taillandier D, Combaret L, Attaix D.
  Title
Lysosomal proteolysis in skeletal muscle.
  Journal
Int J Biochem Cell Biol 37:2098-114 (2005)
DOI:10.1016/j.biocel.2005.02.029
Reference
PMID:19653858
  Authors
He C, Klionsky DJ
  Title
Regulation mechanisms and signaling pathways of autophagy.
  Journal
Annu Rev Genet 43:67-93 (2009)
DOI:10.1146/annurev-genet-102808-114910
Reference
PMID:19802558
  Authors
Yang Z, Klionsky DJ
  Title
An overview of the molecular mechanism of autophagy.
  Journal
Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 335:1-32 (2009)
DOI:10.1007/978-3-642-00302-8_1
Reference
PMID:20034776
  Authors
Yang Z, Klionsky DJ
  Title
Mammalian autophagy: core molecular machinery and signaling regulation.
  Journal
Curr Opin Cell Biol 22:124-31 (2010)
DOI:10.1016/j.ceb.2009.11.014
Reference
PMID:21187343
  Authors
Chen Y, Klionsky DJ
  Title
The regulation of autophagy - unanswered questions.
  Journal
J Cell Sci 124:161-70 (2011)
DOI:10.1242/jcs.064576
Reference
PMID:21801009
  Authors
Mizushima N, Yoshimori T, Ohsumi Y
  Title
The role of Atg proteins in autophagosome formation.
  Journal
Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 27:107-32 (2011)
DOI:10.1146/annurev-cellbio-092910-154005
Reference
PMID:24343578
  Authors
Russell RC, Yuan HX, Guan KL
  Title
Autophagy regulation by nutrient signaling.
  Journal
Cell Res 24:42-57 (2014)
DOI:10.1038/cr.2013.166
Reference
PMID:25948417
  Authors
Noda NN, Fujioka Y
  Title
Atg1 family kinases in autophagy initiation.
  Journal
Cell Mol Life Sci 72:3083-96 (2015)
DOI:10.1007/s00018-015-1917-z
Related
pathway
rno04010  MAPK signaling pathway
rno04141  Protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum
rno04142  Lysosome
rno04150  mTOR signaling pathway
rno04152  AMPK signaling pathway
rno04910  Insulin signaling pathway
KO pathway
ko04140   

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