KEGG   PATHWAY: fca05235
Entry
fca05235                    Pathway                                
Name
PD-L1 expression and PD-1 checkpoint pathway in cancer - Felis catus (domestic cat)
Description
Programmed cell death 1 (PD1) and its ligand (PDL1) are key regulatory physiological immune checkpoints that maintain self-tolerance in the organism by regulating the degree of activation of T and B  cells amongst other immune cell types. In solid tumors, the PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitory pathway can be (mis-)used to silence the immune system by increasing the expression of PD-L1 on the tumor cell surface. Up-regulation of PD-L1 is caused by activation of pro-survival pathways MAPK and PI3K/Akt as well as transcriptional factors HIF-1, STAT3 and NF-kappa B. The MAPK and PI3K signalling pathways are activated by gene mutations and growth factors. PD-L1 on tumor cells may then engage the PD-1 receptors resulting in suppression of T-cell mediated immune response. Therapeutic antibodies blocking the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway by targeting PD-L1 or PD-1 are highly effective in rescuing T cell anti-tumor effector functions.
Class
Human Diseases; Cancer: overview
Pathway map
fca05235  PD-L1 expression and PD-1 checkpoint pathway in cancer
fca05235

Organism
Felis catus (domestic cat) [GN:fca]
Gene
100127110  CD274; programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 [KO:K06745]
100135770  PDCD1; programmed cell death protein 1 precursor [KO:K06744]
100142682  IKBKB; inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit beta isoform X2 [KO:K07209] [EC:2.7.11.10]
100142683  NFKB1; nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit isoform X1 [KO:K02580]
100271864  PIK3R1; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit alpha isoform X3 [KO:K02649]
100499544  AKT2; RAC-beta serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X4 [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100510799  EGFR; epidermal growth factor receptor isoform X1 [KO:K04361] [EC:2.7.10.1]
101080520  NFATC2; nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 2 isoform X1 [KO:K17332]
101080604  CD247; T-cell surface glycoprotein CD3 zeta chain isoform X1 [KO:K06453]
101081387  MAP2K1; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 isoform X3 [KO:K04368] [EC:2.7.12.2]
101082222  [KO:K07293] [EC:3.1.3.48]
101082274  MAP2K3; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 3 [KO:K04432] [EC:2.7.12.2]
101082884  TICAM1; TIR domain-containing adapter molecule 1 [KO:K05842]
101082971  BATF3; basic leucine zipper transcriptional factor ATF-like 3 isoform X3 [KO:K09034]
101083107  CD3D; T-cell surface glycoprotein CD3 delta chain isoform X1 [KO:K06450]
101083633  MAP3K3; mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 3 isoform X2 [KO:K04421] [EC:2.7.11.25]
101083686  HIF1A; hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha [KO:K08268]
101083728  NFATC3; nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 3 isoform X3 [KO:K17333]
101084186  CSNK2A1; casein kinase II subunit alpha [KO:K03097] [EC:2.7.11.1]
101084377  JAK1; tyrosine-protein kinase JAK1 [KO:K11217] [EC:2.7.10.2]
101084561  STAT1; signal transducer and activator of transcription 1-alpha/beta [KO:K11220]
101085500  PTPN11; tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 11 isoform X1 [KO:K07293] [EC:3.1.3.48]
101086544  IKBKG; NF-kappa-B essential modulator isoform X1 [KO:K07210]
101086811  IFNGR1; interferon gamma receptor 1 [KO:K05132]
101086926  PPP3CB; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2B catalytic subunit beta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K04348] [EC:3.1.3.16]
101087073  PTPN6; tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 6 isoform X2 [KO:K05697] [EC:3.1.3.48]
101087092  MYD88; myeloid differentiation primary response protein MyD88 [KO:K04729]
101087614  MAPK1; mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
101087664  CSNK2B; casein kinase II subunit beta [KO:K03115]
101087931  AKT1; RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
101087958  MAPK3; mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 isoform X2 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
101088688  TIRAP; toll/interleukin-1 receptor domain-containing adapter protein isoform X2 [KO:K05403]
101088959  JAK2; tyrosine-protein kinase JAK2 isoform X3 [KO:K04447] [EC:2.7.10.2]
101089292  CD3G; T-cell surface glycoprotein CD3 gamma chain [KO:K06452]
101089813  MAP2K6; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 6 isoform X1 [KO:K04433] [EC:2.7.12.2]
101090324  [KO:K05409]
101090344  PPP3R1; calcineurin subunit B type 1 isoform X4 [KO:K06268]
101090622  NFKBIA; NF-kappa-B inhibitor alpha [KO:K04734]
101091536  MAPK13; mitogen-activated protein kinase 13 isoform X1 [KO:K04441] [EC:2.7.11.24]
101091689  ALK; ALK tyrosine kinase receptor isoform X1 [KO:K05119] [EC:2.7.10.1]
101091812  RPS6KB2; ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta-2 isoform X3 [KO:K04688] [EC:2.7.11.1]
101091813  PTEN; phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate 3-phosphatase and dual-specificity protein phosphatase PTEN isoform X1 [KO:K01110] [EC:3.1.3.16 3.1.3.48 3.1.3.67]
101091892  PIK3CB; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
101092286  IFNGR2; interferon gamma receptor 2 [KO:K05133]
101092561  RPS6KB1; ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta-1 isoform X2 [KO:K04688] [EC:2.7.11.1]
101092818  AKT3; RAC-gamma serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X4 [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
101092925  PLCG1; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase gamma-1 isoform X1 [KO:K01116] [EC:3.1.4.11]
101093065  CSNK2A2; casein kinase II subunit alpha' isoform X1 [KO:K03097] [EC:2.7.11.1]
101093097  PPP3CC; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2B catalytic subunit gamma isoform isoform X2 [KO:K04348] [EC:3.1.3.16]
101093110  RASGRP1; RAS guanyl-releasing protein 1 isoform X4 [KO:K04350]
101093286  [KO:K02649]
101093319  LAT; linker for activation of T-cells family member 1 isoform X1 [KO:K07362]
101093586  PIK3R2; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit beta [KO:K02649]
101094274  PIK3CD; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
101094586  EML4; echinoderm microtubule-associated protein-like 4 isoform X1 [KO:K15420]
101095617  CHUK; inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04467] [EC:2.7.11.10]
101095682  BATF2; basic leucine zipper transcriptional factor ATF-like 2 isoform X1 [KO:K09034]
101095698  STAT3; signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 isoform X1 [KO:K04692]
101096047  RAF1; RAF proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X2 [KO:K04366] [EC:2.7.11.1]
101096065  NFKBIE; NF-kappa-B inhibitor epsilon [KO:K05872]
101096604  RELA; transcription factor p65 [KO:K04735]
101097059  ZAP70; tyrosine-protein kinase ZAP-70 isoform X2 [KO:K07360] [EC:2.7.10.2]
101097144  PPP3CA; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2B catalytic subunit alpha isoform isoform X1 [KO:K04348] [EC:3.1.3.16]
101097261  JUN; transcription factor AP-1 [KO:K04448]
101097413  PIK3CA; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
101097765  PPP3R2; calcineurin subunit B type 2 [KO:K06268]
101097987  BATF; basic leucine zipper transcriptional factor ATF-like [KO:K09034]
101098152  MTOR; serine/threonine-protein kinase mTOR isoform X3 [KO:K07203] [EC:2.7.11.1]
101098805  LCK; tyrosine-protein kinase Lck isoform X2 [KO:K05856] [EC:2.7.10.2]
101099259  NFKBIB; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: NF-kappa-B inhibitor beta [KO:K02581]
101099750  TRAF6; TNF receptor-associated factor 6 [KO:K03175] [EC:2.3.2.27]
101100281  MAP2K2; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 2 isoform X1 [KO:K04369] [EC:2.7.12.2]
101100730  PRKCQ; protein kinase C theta type isoform X2 [KO:K18052] [EC:2.7.11.13]
101101135  MAPK14; mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 isoform X1 [KO:K04441] [EC:2.7.11.24]
101101259  NFATC1; nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 1 isoform X2 [KO:K04446]
105260786  MAPK11; mitogen-activated protein kinase 11 isoform X1 [KO:K04441] [EC:2.7.11.24]
111556320  MAPK12; mitogen-activated protein kinase 12 [KO:K04441] [EC:2.7.11.24]
111559549  [KO:K10785]
493698  TLR4; toll-like receptor 4 precursor [KO:K10160]
493775  CD4; T-cell surface glycoprotein CD4 precursor [KO:K06454]
493797  TLR2; toll-like receptor 2 [KO:K10159]
493802  CD28; T-cell-specific surface glycoprotein CD28 precursor [KO:K06470]
493839  TLR9; toll-like receptor 9 precursor [KO:K10161]
493935  FOS; proto-oncogene c-Fos [KO:K04379]
493936  CD3E; T-cell surface glycoprotein CD3 epsilon chain precursor [KO:K06451]
493965  IFNG; interferon gamma precursor [KO:K04687]
493978  EGF; pro-epidermal growth factor precursor [KO:K04357]
751103  HRAS; GTPase HRas isoform X1 [KO:K02833]
751104  KRAS; GTPase KRas isoform X2 [KO:K07827]
751105  NRAS; GTPase NRas [KO:K07828]
Compound
C00076  Calcium cation
C00165  Diacylglycerol
C01245  D-myo-Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate
C05981  Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate
Reference
  Authors
Kythreotou A, Siddique A, Mauri FA, Bower M, Pinato DJ
  Title
PD-L1.
  Journal
J Clin Pathol 71:189-194 (2018)
DOI:10.1136/jclinpath-2017-204853
Reference
  Authors
Zhou TC, Sankin AI, Porcelli SA, Perlin DS, Schoenberg MP, Zang X
  Title
A review of the PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint in bladder cancer: From mediator of immune escape to target for treatment.
  Journal
Urol Oncol 35:14-20 (2017)
DOI:10.1016/j.urolonc.2016.10.004
Reference
  Authors
Wang Y, Wang H, Yao H, Li C, Fang JY, Xu J
  Title
Regulation of PD-L1: Emerging Routes for Targeting Tumor Immune Evasion.
  Journal
Front Pharmacol 9:536 (2018)
DOI:10.3389/fphar.2018.00536
Reference
  Authors
Jiang X, Wang J, Deng X, Xiong F, Ge J, Xiang B, Wu X, Ma J, Zhou M, Li X, Li Y, Li G, Xiong W, Guo C, Zeng Z
  Title
Role of the tumor microenvironment in PD-L1/PD-1-mediated tumor immune escape.
  Journal
Mol Cancer 18:10 (2019)
DOI:10.1186/s12943-018-0928-4
Reference
  Authors
Bardhan K, Anagnostou T, Boussiotis VA
  Title
The PD1:PD-L1/2 Pathway from Discovery to Clinical Implementation.
  Journal
Front Immunol 7:550 (2016)
DOI:10.3389/fimmu.2016.00550
Reference
  Authors
Shi Y
  Title
Regulatory mechanisms of PD-L1 expression in cancer cells.
  Journal
Cancer Immunol Immunother 67:1481-1489 (2018)
DOI:10.1007/s00262-018-2226-9
Reference
  Authors
Zerdes I, Matikas A, Bergh J, Rassidakis GZ, Foukakis T
  Title
Genetic, transcriptional and post-translational regulation of the programmed death protein ligand 1 in cancer: biology and clinical correlations.
  Journal
Oncogene 37:4639-4661 (2018)
DOI:10.1038/s41388-018-0303-3
Reference
  Authors
Chen J, Jiang CC, Jin L, Zhang XD
  Title
Regulation of PD-L1: a novel role of pro-survival signalling in cancer.
  Journal
Ann Oncol 27:409-16 (2016)
DOI:10.1093/annonc/mdv615
Reference
  Authors
Glodde N, Holzel M
  Title
RAS and PD-L1: A Masters' Liaison in Cancer Immune Evasion.
  Journal
Immunity 47:1007-1009 (2017)
DOI:10.1016/j.immuni.2017.12.001
Reference
  Authors
Ritprajak P, Azuma M
  Title
Intrinsic and extrinsic control of expression of the immunoregulatory molecule PD-L1 in epithelial cells and squamous cell carcinoma.
  Journal
Oral Oncol 51:221-8 (2015)
DOI:10.1016/j.oraloncology.2014.11.014
Reference
  Authors
Nirschl CJ, Drake CG
  Title
Molecular pathways: coexpression of immune checkpoint molecules: signaling pathways and implications for cancer immunotherapy.
  Journal
Clin Cancer Res 19:4917-24 (2013)
DOI:10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-12-1972
Reference
  Authors
Saeidi A, Zandi K, Cheok YY, Saeidi H, Wong WF, Lee CYQ, Cheong HC, Yong YK, Larsson M, Shankar EM
  Title
T-Cell Exhaustion in Chronic Infections: Reversing the State of Exhaustion and Reinvigorating Optimal Protective Immune Responses.
  Journal
Front Immunol 9:2569 (2018)
DOI:10.3389/fimmu.2018.02569
Reference
  Authors
Sharpe AH, Pauken KE
  Title
The diverse functions of the PD1 inhibitory pathway.
  Journal
Nat Rev Immunol 18:153-167 (2018)
DOI:10.1038/nri.2017.108
Reference
  Authors
Boussiotis VA
  Title
Molecular and Biochemical Aspects of the PD-1 Checkpoint Pathway.
  Journal
N Engl J Med 375:1767-1778 (2016)
DOI:10.1056/NEJMra1514296
Reference
  Authors
Arasanz H, Gato-Canas M, Zuazo M, Ibanez-Vea M, Breckpot K, Kochan G, Escors D
  Title
PD1 signal transduction pathways in T cells.
  Journal
Oncotarget 8:51936-51945 (2017)
DOI:10.18632/oncotarget.17232
Reference
  Authors
Zuazo M, Gato-Canas M, Llorente N, Ibanez-Vea M, Arasanz H, Kochan G, Escors D
  Title
Molecular mechanisms of programmed cell death-1 dependent T cell suppression: relevance for immunotherapy.
  Journal
Ann Transl Med 5:385 (2017)
DOI:10.21037/atm.2017.06.11
Reference
  Authors
Patsoukis N, Li L, Sari D, Petkova V, Boussiotis VA
  Title
PD-1 increases PTEN phosphatase activity while decreasing PTEN protein stability by inhibiting casein kinase 2.
  Journal
Mol Cell Biol 33:3091-8 (2013)
DOI:10.1128/MCB.00319-13
Reference
  Authors
Chinai JM, Janakiram M, Chen F, Chen W, Kaplan M, Zang X
  Title
New immunotherapies targeting the PD-1 pathway.
  Journal
Trends Pharmacol Sci 36:587-95 (2015)
DOI:10.1016/j.tips.2015.06.005
Reference
  Authors
Ok CY, Young KH
  Title
Targeting the programmed death-1 pathway in lymphoid neoplasms.
  Journal
Cancer Treat Rev 54:99-109 (2017)
DOI:10.1016/j.ctrv.2017.01.009
Related
pathway
fca04010  MAPK signaling pathway
fca04020  Calcium signaling pathway
fca04066  HIF-1 signaling pathway
fca04151  PI3K-Akt signaling pathway
fca04514  Cell adhesion molecules
fca04620  Toll-like receptor signaling pathway
fca04660  T cell receptor signaling pathway
KO pathway
ko05235   

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