Entry
Name
Calcium signaling pathway - Salvelinus sp. IW2-2015 (Arctic char)
Description
Ca2+ that enters the cell from the outside is a principal source of signal Ca2+. Entry of Ca2+ is driven by the presence of a large electrochemical gradient across the plasma membrane. Cells use this external source of signal Ca2+ by activating various entry channels with widely different properties. The voltage-operated channels (VOCs) are found in excitable cells and generate the rapid Ca2+ fluxes that control fast cellular processes. There are many other Ca2+-entry channels, such as the receptor-operated channels (ROCs), for example the NMDA (N-methyl-D-aspartate) receptors (NMDARs) that respond to glutamate. There also are second-messenger-operated channels (SMOCs) and store-operated channels (SOCs).
The other principal source of Ca2+ for signalling is the internal stores that are located primarily in the endoplasmic/sarcoplasmic reticulum (ER/SR), in which inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors (IP3Rs) or ryanodine receptors (RYRs) regulate the release of Ca2+. The principal activator of these channels is Ca2+ itself and this process of Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release is central to the mechanism of Ca2+ signalling. Various second messengers or modulators also control the release of Ca2+. IP3, which is generated by pathways using different isoforms of phospholipase C (PLCbeta, delta, epsilon, gamma and zeta), regulates the IP3Rs. Cyclic ADP-ribose (cADPR) releases Ca2+ via RYRs. Nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAADP) may activate a distinct Ca2+ release mechanism on separate acidic Ca2+ stores. Ca2+ release via the NAADP-sensitive mechanism may also feedback onto either RYRs or IP3Rs. cADPR and NAADP are generated by CD38. This enzyme might be sensitive to the cellular metabolism, as ATP and NADH inhibit it.
The influx of Ca2+ from the environment or release from internal stores causes a very rapid and dramatic increase in cytoplasmic calcium concentration, which has been widely exploited for signal transduction. Some proteins, such as troponin C (TnC) involved in muscle contraction, directly bind to and sense Ca2+. However, in other cases Ca2+ is sensed through intermediate calcium sensors such as calmodulin (CALM).
Class
Environmental Information Processing; Signal transduction
BRITE hierarchy
Pathway map
Ortholog table
Other DBs
Organism
Salvelinus sp. IW2-2015 (Arctic char) [GN:
salp ]
Gene
111966254 guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(s) subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04632 ]
111976616 gnas; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(s) subunit alpha [KO:K04632 ]
111972774 guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(olf) subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04633 ]
111953575 guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(olf) subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04633 ]
111981689 atp2a1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 1 [KO:K05853 ] [EC:7.2.2.10 ]
111980663 calcium release-activated calcium channel protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K16056 ]
111966893 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1D-like [KO:K04851 ]
111976881 cacna1d; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1D [KO:K04851 ]
111962116 voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1D-like [KO:K04851 ]
111970724 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1D-like [KO:K04851 ]
111966955 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1F-like [KO:K04853 ]
111962608 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: dihydropyridine-sensitive L-type skeletal muscle calcium channel subunit alpha-1-like [KO:K04857 ]
111970366 dihydropyridine-sensitive L-type skeletal muscle calcium channel subunit alpha-1-like isoform X1 [KO:K04857 ]
111976724 dihydropyridine-sensitive L-type skeletal muscle calcium channel subunit alpha-1-like isoform X1 [KO:K04857 ]
111974985 voltage-dependent N-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1B-like [KO:K04849 ]
111973906 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: voltage-dependent N-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1B-like [KO:K04849 ]
111961707 voltage-dependent N-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1B-like isoform X1 [KO:K04849 ]
111975957 cacna1e; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: voltage-dependent R-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1E [KO:K04852 ]
111971849 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: voltage-dependent R-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1E-like [KO:K04852 ]
111979599 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: voltage-dependent R-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1E-like [KO:K04852 ]
111957028 voltage-dependent R-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1E-like [KO:K04852 ]
111972209 voltage-dependent R-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1E-like isoform X1 [KO:K04852 ]
111968236 cacna1g; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: voltage-dependent T-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1G [KO:K04854 ]
111962087 neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-7 isoform X1 [KO:K04809 ]
111967824 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2C-like [KO:K05211 ]
111980118 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2C-like [KO:K05211 ]
112069504 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2C-like [KO:K05211 ]
111977535 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2C-like [KO:K05211 ]
111954854 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2D-like [KO:K05212 ]
111955475 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: uncharacterized protein LOC111955475 [KO:K05212 ]
112077154 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2D-like [KO:K05212 ]
111974020 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: alpha-1A adrenergic receptor-like [KO:K04135 ]
112068821 ptger3; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: prostaglandin E2 receptor EP3 subtype [KO:K04260 ]
112073225 guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(q) subunit alpha-like [KO:K04634 ]
111974605 guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(q) subunit alpha [KO:K04634 ]
111957798 guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(q) subunit alpha [KO:K04634 ]
111975941 guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(q) subunit alpha [KO:K04634 ]
111961320 guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(q) subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04634 ]
111980819 guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(q) subunit alpha [KO:K04634 ]
111972124 guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit alpha-11 isoform X1 [KO:K04635 ]
111953718 guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit alpha-11 isoform X1 [KO:K04635 ]
111975535 guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit alpha-11 isoform X1 [KO:K04635 ]
111973720 guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit alpha-14-like [KO:K04636 ]
111971179 guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit alpha-11 isoform X1 [KO:K04637 ]
111968192 egf; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: pro-epidermal growth factor [KO:K04357 ]
112074508 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: platelet-derived growth factor subunit A-like [KO:K04359 ]
112073254 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: fibroblast growth factor 18-like [KO:K04358 ]
111974798 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: fibroblast growth factor 4B-like [KO:K04358 ]
111967094 snake venom vascular endothelial growth factor toxin VR-1'-like [KO:K05448 ]
111958513 vegfc; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: vascular endothelial growth factor C [KO:K05449 ]
111970086 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: hepatocyte growth factor-like protein [KO:K23441 ]
111953164 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase delta-4-like [KO:K05857 ] [EC:3.1.4.11 ]
111970959 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase delta-4-like [KO:K05857 ] [EC:3.1.4.11 ]
111980769 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase delta-3-A-like [KO:K05857 ] [EC:3.1.4.11 ]
112069482 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase delta-1-like isoform X1 [KO:K05857 ] [EC:3.1.4.11 ]
111959376 plcd4; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase delta-4 isoform X1 [KO:K05857 ] [EC:3.1.4.11 ]
112069030 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-4-like [KO:K05858 ] [EC:3.1.4.11 ]
111951782 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-3-like [KO:K05858 ] [EC:3.1.4.11 ]
111954271 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-4 [KO:K05858 ] [EC:3.1.4.11 ]
111976591 plcg1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase gamma-1 [KO:K01116 ] [EC:3.1.4.11 ]
111977758 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase epsilon-1-like [KO:K05860 ] [EC:3.1.4.11 ]
111967754 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase epsilon-1-like isoform X1 [KO:K05860 ] [EC:3.1.4.11 ]
111966193 itpr1; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04958 ]
111969857 inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1-like isoform X1 [KO:K04958 ]
111970151 inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04958 ]
111952558 inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 2 isoform X1 [KO:K04959 ]
111966445 itpr3; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 3 [KO:K04960 ]
111976834 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 3-like [KO:K04960 ]
112071388 voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 2-like [KO:K15040 ]
111961367 voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K15041 ]
111973756 voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K15041 ]
111980279 voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K15041 ]
111969247 phkb; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: phosphorylase b kinase regulatory subunit beta [KO:K07190 ]
111974181 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: phosphorylase b kinase regulatory subunit beta-like [KO:K07190 ]
111954403 serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2B catalytic subunit alpha isoform isoform X1 [KO:K04348 ] [EC:3.1.3.16 ]
111961376 serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2B catalytic subunit gamma isoform isoform X1 [KO:K04348 ] [EC:3.1.3.16 ]
111980862 serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2B catalytic subunit gamma isoform isoform X1 [KO:K04348 ] [EC:3.1.3.16 ]
111958241 serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2B catalytic subunit gamma isoform isoform X1 [KO:K04348 ] [EC:3.1.3.16 ]
111974548 serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2B catalytic subunit gamma isoform isoform X1 [KO:K04348 ] [EC:3.1.3.16 ]
111964297 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2B catalytic subunit alpha isoform-like [KO:K04348 ] [EC:3.1.3.16 ]
111950316 serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2B catalytic subunit alpha isoform isoform X1 [KO:K04348 ] [EC:3.1.3.16 ]
111956111 nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 1-like [KO:K04446 ]
111965266 nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 1-like [KO:K04446 ]
111961710 nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 2 isoform X1 [KO:K17332 ]
111976218 nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 2-like [KO:K17332 ]
111966754 nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 2-like isoform X1 [KO:K17332 ]
111962688 nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 3 isoform X1 [KO:K17333 ]
112069880 nfatc3; nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 3 isoform X1 [KO:K17333 ]
111956623 nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 4-like [KO:K17334 ]
111973265 pde1c; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: calcium/calmodulin-dependent 3',5'-cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase 1C [KO:K13755 ] [EC:3.1.4.17 ]
111977688 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: calcium/calmodulin-dependent 3',5'-cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase 1A [KO:K13755 ] [EC:3.1.4.17 ]
Compound
C01245 D-myo-Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate
C06124 Sphingosine 1-phosphate
C11556 1-Phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3,5-bisphosphate
C13051 Nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate
Reference
Authors
Berridge MJ, Bootman MD, Roderick HL.
Title
Calcium signalling: dynamics, homeostasis and remodelling.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Berridge MJ, Lipp P, Bootman MD.
Title
The versatility and universality of calcium signalling.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Wang MC, Dolphin A, Kitmitto A.
Title
L-type voltage-gated calcium channels: understanding function through structure.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Ferrier GR, Howlett SE.
Title
Cardiac excitation-contraction coupling: role of membrane potential in regulation of contraction.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Keef KD, Hume JR, Zhong J.
Title
Regulation of cardiac and smooth muscle Ca(2+) channels (Ca(V)1.2a,b) by protein kinases.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Hell JW, Appleyard SM, Yokoyama CT, Warner C, Catterall WA.
Title
Differential phosphorylation of two size forms of the N-type calcium channel alpha 1 subunit which have different COOH termini.
Journal
J Biol Chem 269:7390-6 (1994)
Reference
Authors
Yunker AM.
Title
Modulation and pharmacology of low voltage-activated ("T-Type") calcium channels.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Yakel JL.
Title
Calcineurin regulation of synaptic function: from ion channels to transmitter release and gene transcription.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Fukunaga K, Miyamoto E.
Title
A working model of CaM kinase II activity in hippocampal long-term potentiation and memory.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Della Rocca GJ, van Biesen T, Daaka Y, Luttrell DK, Luttrell LM, Lefkowitz RJ.
Title
Ras-dependent mitogen-activated protein kinase activation by G protein-coupled receptors. Convergence of Gi- and Gq-mediated pathways on calcium/calmodulin, Pyk2, and Src kinase.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Furuichi T, Mikoshiba K.
Title
Inositol 1, 4, 5-trisphosphate receptor-mediated Ca2+ signaling in the brain.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Bruce JI, Straub SV, Yule DI.
Title
Crosstalk between cAMP and Ca2+ signaling in non-excitable cells.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Lee HC, Munshi C, Graeff R.
Title
Structures and activities of cyclic ADP-ribose, NAADP and their metabolic enzymes.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Crompton M.
Title
Mitochondrial intermembrane junctional complexes and their role in cell death.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Grewal SS, York RD, Stork PJ.
Title
Extracellular-signal-regulated kinase signalling in neurons.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Trushin SA, Pennington KN, Carmona EM, Asin S, Savoy DN, Billadeau DD, Paya CV.
Title
Protein kinase Calpha (PKCalpha) acts upstream of PKCtheta to activate IkappaB kinase and NF-kappaB in T lymphocytes.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Hutchins JR, Dikovskaya D, Clarke PR.
Title
Regulation of Cdc2/cyclin B activation in Xenopus egg extracts via inhibitory phosphorylation of Cdc25C phosphatase by Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein [corrected] kinase II.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Tornquist K
Title
Sphingosine 1-phosphate, sphingosine kinase and autocrine calcium signalling in thyroid cells.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Feske S
Title
Immunodeficiency due to defects in store-operated calcium entry.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Giachini FR, Lima VV, Hannan JL, Carneiro FS, Webb RC, Tostes RC
Title
STIM1/Orai1-mediated store-operated Ca2+ entry: the tip of the iceberg.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Baba Y, Kurosaki T
Title
[Regulation of store-operated calcium entry by STIM1].
Journal
Seikagaku 80:1123-8 (2008)
Reference
Authors
Galione A, Evans AM, Ma J, Parrington J, Arredouani A, Cheng X, Zhu MX
Title
The acid test: the discovery of two-pore channels (TPCs) as NAADP-gated endolysosomal Ca(2+) release channels.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Beard NA, Wei L, Dulhunty AF
Title
Ca(2+) signaling in striated muscle: the elusive roles of triadin, junctin, and calsequestrin.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Marty I
Title
Triadin regulation of the ryanodine receptor complex.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Arvanitis DA, Vafiadaki E, Sanoudou D, Kranias EG
Title
Histidine-rich calcium binding protein: the new regulator of sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium cycling.
Journal
Related pathway
salp04070 Phosphatidylinositol signaling system
KO pathway
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