Entry
Name
Human cytomegalovirus infection - Loxodonta africana (African savanna elephant)
Description
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is an enveloped, double-stranded DNA virus that is a member of beta-herpesvirus family. HCMV is best known for causing significant morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised populations. As with other herpesviruses, HCMV gB and gH/gL envelope glycoproteins are essential for virus entry. HCMV gB could activate the PDGFRA, and induce activation of the oncogenic PI3-K/AKT pathway. Though it is unlikely that HCMV by itself can act as an oncogenic factor, HCMV may have an oncomodulatory role, to catalyze an oncogenic process that has already been initiated. US28, one of the four HCMV-encoded vGPCRs (US27, US28, UL33 and UL78), also has a specific role in the oncomodulatory properties. In addition, HCMV has developed numerous mechanisms for manipulating the host immune system. The virally encoded US2, US3, US6 and US11 gene products all interfere with major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I antigen presentation. HCMV encodes several immediate early (IE) antiapoptotic proteins (IE1, IE2, vMIA and vICA). These proteins might avoid immune clearance of infected tumor cells by cytotoxic lymphocytes and NK cells.
Class
Human Diseases; Infectious disease: viral
BRITE hierarchy
Pathway map
lav05163 Human cytomegalovirus infection
Ortholog table
Organism
Loxodonta africana (African savanna elephant) [GN:
lav ]
Gene
100657948 PIK3CA; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K00922 ] [EC:2.7.1.153 ]
100658340 PIK3CB; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K00922 ] [EC:2.7.1.153 ]
100666266 PIK3CD; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta isoform [KO:K00922 ] [EC:2.7.1.153 ]
100653731 PIK3R1; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K02649 ]
100665045 PIK3R2; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit beta [KO:K02649 ]
100675496 PIK3R3; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit gamma [KO:K02649 ]
100665518 EIF4EBP1; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1 [KO:K07205 ]
100661492 IKBKG; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: NF-kappa-B essential modulator [KO:K07210 ]
100662194 NFKB1; nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit isoform X1 [KO:K02580 ]
100657379 SOS1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: son of sevenless homolog 1 [KO:K03099 ]
100670392 TMEM173; stimulator of interferon genes protein isoform X1 [KO:K12654 ]
100672143 TNFRSF1A; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 1A [KO:K03158 ]
100657751 TRADD; tumor necrosis factor receptor type 1-associated DEATH domain protein isoform X4 [KO:K03171 ]
100673391 GNB1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-1 [KO:K04536 ]
100677127 GNB2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-2 [KO:K04537 ]
100674807 GNB3; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-3 [KO:K07825 ]
100669106 GNB4; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit beta-4 [KO:K04538 ]
100674665 GNB5; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit beta-5 isoform X1 [KO:K04539 ]
100668996 GNG2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-2 isoform X2 [KO:K07826 ]
100676083 GNG3; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-3 [KO:K04540 ]
100664179 GNG4; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-4 [KO:K04541 ]
100656403 GNG5; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-5 [KO:K04542 ]
100655407 GNG7; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-7 [KO:K04543 ]
100662559 GNG10; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-10 [KO:K04545 ]
111749727 GNG11; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-11 [KO:K04546 ]
111751488 GNG14; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: putative guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-14 [KO:K04347 ]
111750996 GNG12; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-12 [KO:K04347 ]
100675882 GNG13; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-13 [KO:K04547 ]
111749728 GNGT1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(T) subunit gamma-T1 [KO:K04548 ]
111751775 GNGT2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-T2 [KO:K04549 ]
100656672 GNAQ; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(q) subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04634 ]
100670617 PLCB4; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-4 isoform X3 [KO:K05858 ] [EC:3.1.4.11 ]
100672435 PLCB1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-1 [KO:K05858 ] [EC:3.1.4.11 ]
100668575 PLCB2; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-2 [KO:K05858 ] [EC:3.1.4.11 ]
100663829 PLCB3; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-3 isoform X1 [KO:K05858 ] [EC:3.1.4.11 ]
100665028 ITPR1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1 [KO:K04958 ]
100659666 ITPR3; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 3 [KO:K04960 ]
100661626 PPP3CA; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2B catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K04348 ] [EC:3.1.3.16 ]
100664832 PPP3CC; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2B catalytic subunit gamma isoform isoform X1 [KO:K04348 ] [EC:3.1.3.16 ]
100677352 PPP3CB; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2B catalytic subunit beta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K04348 ] [EC:3.1.3.16 ]
100655623 NFATC1; nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 1 isoform X3 [KO:K04446 ]
100672662 NFATC2; nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 2 isoform X1 [KO:K17332 ]
100658037 NFATC3; nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 3 isoform X2 [KO:K17333 ]
100676091 NFATC4; nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 4 [KO:K17334 ]
100666344 GNAI1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-1 [KO:K04630 ]
100670234 GNAI2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-2 [KO:K04630 ]
100667957 GNAI3; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(k) subunit alpha [KO:K04630 ]
100658419 GNAO1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(o) subunit alpha [KO:K04534 ]
100676444 GNA12; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit alpha-12 [KO:K04346 ]
100664965 GNA13; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit alpha-13 [KO:K04639 ]
100674589 ARHGEF1; rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor 1 isoform X2 [KO:K12330 ]
100673301 ARHGEF11; rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor 11 isoform X1 [KO:K12331 ]
100661002 ARHGEF12; rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor 12 isoform X1 [KO:K07532 ]
100677568 AKAP13; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: A-kinase anchor protein 13 [KO:K16529 ]
100675204 PTGER1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: prostaglandin E2 receptor EP1 subtype [KO:K04258 ]
100675931 PTGER2; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: prostaglandin E2 receptor EP2 subtype [KO:K04259 ]
100655206 guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(s) subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04632 ]
100669583 STAT3; signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 isoform X2 [KO:K04692 ]
100675162 CREB1; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K05870 ]
100657989 ATF2; cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-2 isoform X1 [KO:K04450 ]
100662521 ATF4; cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-4 isoform X2 [KO:K04374 ]
100653565 CREB3L1; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 1 [KO:K09048 ]
100673694 CREB3L4; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 4 [KO:K09048 ]
100666211 CREB3L2; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 2 [KO:K09048 ]
100670574 CREB3L3; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 3 [KO:K09048 ]
100677344 CREB3; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K09048 ]
100675079 CREB5; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 5 isoform X1 [KO:K09047 ]
100666885 ATF6B; cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-6 beta isoform X2 [KO:K09049 ]
100675124 BCAR1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: breast cancer anti-estrogen resistance protein 1 [KO:K05726 ]
100667872 IL10RB; interleukin-10 receptor subunit beta isoform X2 [KO:K05135 ]
100655144 HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B-37 alpha chain-like [KO:K06751 ]
100656828 HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B-67 alpha chain-like isoform X1 [KO:K06751 ]
100653700 HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, A-11 alpha chain-like [KO:K06751 ]
100657492 HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, A-11 alpha chain-like isoform X2 [KO:K06751 ]
100667840 HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B-40 alpha chain-like isoform X1 [KO:K06751 ]
100666699 HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, A-3 alpha chain-like isoform X1 [KO:K06751 ]
100676481 HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, alpha chain G-like isoform X1 [KO:K06751 ]
100676766 HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, A-3 alpha chain-like isoform X1 [KO:K06751 ]
100676584 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: class I histocompatibility antigen, Gogo-B*0101 alpha chain-like [KO:K06751 ]
100662084 HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, A-11 alpha chain-like [KO:K06751 ]
100661889 HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B-37 alpha chain-like [KO:K06751 ]
100667271 patr class I histocompatibility antigen, A-2 alpha chain-like [KO:K06751 ]
100664043 patr class I histocompatibility antigen, A-5 alpha chain-like isoform X1 [KO:K06751 ]
100666034 HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, Cw-3 alpha chain-like isoform X1 [KO:K06751 ]
100664893 HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, A-3 alpha chain-like [KO:K06751 ]
100659386 HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B-39 alpha chain-like [KO:K06751 ]
100669340 H-2 class I histocompatibility antigen, Q10 alpha chain-like isoform X1 [KO:K06751 ]
100662586 FASLG; tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 6 [KO:K04389 ]
100657715 FAS; tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 6 isoform X1 [KO:K04390 ]
Compound
C01245 D-myo-Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate
C05981 Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate
Reference
Authors
Michaelis M, Doerr HW, Cinatl J
Title
The story of human cytomegalovirus and cancer: increasing evidence and open questions.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Roy S, Arav-Boger R
Title
New cell-signaling pathways for controlling cytomegalovirus replication.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Cinatl J, Scholz M, Kotchetkov R, Vogel JU, Doerr HW
Title
Molecular mechanisms of the modulatory effects of HCMV infection in tumor cell biology.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Evers DL, Wang X, Huang ES
Title
Cellular stress and signal transduction responses to human cytomegalovirus infection.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Murray MJ, Peters NE, Reeves MB
Title
Navigating the Host Cell Response during Entry into Sites of Latent Cytomegalovirus Infection.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Campadelli-Fiume G, Collins-McMillen D, Gianni T, Yurochko AD
Title
Integrins as Herpesvirus Receptors and Mediators of the Host Signalosome.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Fu YZ, Su S, Gao YQ, Wang PP, Huang ZF, Hu MM, Luo WW, Li S, Luo MH, Wang YY, Shu HB
Title
Human Cytomegalovirus Tegument Protein UL82 Inhibits STING-Mediated Signaling to Evade Antiviral Immunity.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Hancock MH, Nelson JA
Title
Modulation of the NFkappab Signalling Pathway by Human Cytomegalovirus.
Journal
Virology (Hyderabad) 1:104 (2017)
Reference
Authors
Rahman MM, McFadden G
Title
Modulation of NF-kappaB signalling by microbial pathogens.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Zhang J, Feng H, Xu S, Feng P
Title
Hijacking GPCRs by viral pathogens and tumor.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Lee S, Chung YH, Lee C
Title
US28, a Virally-Encoded GPCR as an Antiviral Target for Human Cytomegalovirus Infection.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Langemeijer EV, Slinger E, de Munnik S, Schreiber A, Maussang D, Vischer H, Verkaar F, Leurs R, Siderius M, Smit MJ
Title
Constitutive beta-catenin signaling by the viral chemokine receptor US28.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Couty JP, Gershengorn MC
Title
G-protein-coupled receptors encoded by human herpesviruses.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Fiallos E, Judkins J, Matlaf L, Prichard M, Dittmer D, Cobbs C, Soroceanu L
Title
Human cytomegalovirus gene expression in long-term infected glioma stem cells.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Vischer HF, Siderius M, Leurs R, Smit MJ
Title
Herpesvirus-encoded GPCRs: neglected players in inflammatory and proliferative diseases?
Journal
Reference
Authors
Slinger E, Langemeijer E, Siderius M, Vischer HF, Smit MJ
Title
Herpesvirus-encoded GPCRs rewire cellular signaling.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Murphy PM
Title
Viral exploitation and subversion of the immune system through chemokine mimicry.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Vischer HF, Leurs R, Smit MJ
Title
HCMV-encoded G-protein-coupled receptors as constitutively active modulators of cellular signaling networks.
Journal
Reference
Authors
de Munnik SM, Smit MJ, Leurs R, Vischer HF
Title
Modulation of cellular signaling by herpesvirus-encoded G protein-coupled receptors.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Michelson S
Title
Consequences of human cytomegalovirus mimicry.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Tu CC, Arnolds KL, O'Connor CM, Spencer JV
Title
Human Cytomegalovirus UL111A and US27 Gene Products Enhance the CXCL12/CXCR4 Signaling Axis via Distinct Mechanisms.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Busillo JM, Benovic JL
Title
Regulation of CXCR4 signaling.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Noriega V, Redmann V, Gardner T, Tortorella D
Title
Diverse immune evasion strategies by human cytomegalovirus.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Loureiro J, Ploegh HL
Title
Antigen presentation and the ubiquitin-proteasome system in host-pathogen interactions.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Fortunato EA, McElroy AK, Sanchez I, Spector DH
Title
Exploitation of cellular signaling and regulatory pathways by human cytomegalovirus.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Cinatl J Jr, Scholz M, Doerr HW
Title
Role of tumor cell immune escape mechanisms in cytomegalovirus-mediated oncomodulation.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Cinatl J Jr, Vogel JU, Kotchetkov R, Wilhelm Doerr H
Title
Oncomodulatory signals by regulatory proteins encoded by human cytomegalovirus: a novel role for viral infection in tumor progression.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Castillo JP, Kowalik TF
Title
Human cytomegalovirus immediate early proteins and cell growth control.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Kalejta RF
Title
Human cytomegalovirus pp71: a new viral tool to probe the mechanisms of cell cycle progression and oncogenesis controlled by the retinoblastoma family of tumor suppressors.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Brune W
Title
Inhibition of programmed cell death by cytomegaloviruses.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Brune W, Andoniou CE
Title
Die Another Day: Inhibition of Cell Death Pathways by Cytomegalovirus.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Yamin R, Lecker LSM, Weisblum Y, Vitenshtein A, Le-Trilling VTK, Wolf DG, Mandelboim O
Title
HCMV vCXCL1 Binds Several Chemokine Receptors and Preferentially Attracts Neutrophils over NK Cells by Interacting with CXCR2.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Wang X, Sanchez J, Stone MJ, Payne RJ
Title
Sulfation of the Human Cytomegalovirus Protein UL22A Enhances Binding to the Chemokine RANTES.
Journal
Related pathway
lav04612 Antigen processing and presentation
lav04810 Regulation of actin cytoskeleton
KO pathway
LinkDB
All DBs