KEGG   PATHWAY: pale05010
Entry
pale05010                   Pathway                                
Name
Alzheimer disease - Pteropus alecto (black flying fox)
Description
Alzheimer disease (AD) is a chronic disorder that slowly destroys neurons and causes serious cognitive disability. AD is associated with senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs). Amyloid-beta (Abeta), a major component of senile plaques, has various pathological effects on cell and organelle function. To date genetic studies have revealed four genes that may be linked to autosomal dominant or familial early onset AD (FAD). These four genes include: amyloid precursor protein (APP), presenilin 1 (PS1), presenilin 2 (PS2) and apolipoprotein E (ApoE). All mutations associated with APP and PS proteins can lead to an increase in the production of Abeta peptides, specfically the more amyloidogenic form, Abeta42. It was proposed that Abeta form Ca2+ permeable pores and bind to and modulate multiple synaptic proteins, including NMDAR, mGluR5 and VGCC, leading to the overfilling of neurons with calcium ions. Consequently, cellular Ca2+ disruptions will lead to neuronal apoptosis, autophagy deficits, mitochondrial abnormality, defective neurotransmission, impaired synaptic plasticity and neurodegeneration in AD. FAD-linked PS1 mutation downregulates the unfolded protein response and leads to vulnerability to ER stress.
Class
Human Diseases; Neurodegenerative disease
Pathway map
pale05010  Alzheimer disease
pale05010

Organism
Pteropus alecto (black flying fox) [GN:pale]
Gene
102895434  ADAM10; disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 10 [KO:K06704] [EC:3.4.24.81]
102894565  ADAM17; disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17 isoform X1 [KO:K06059] [EC:3.4.24.86]
102878629  APP; amyloid-beta A4 protein isoform X1 [KO:K04520]
102891210  NAE1; NEDD8-activating enzyme E1 regulatory subunit [KO:K04532]
102889333  APBB1; amyloid-beta A4 precursor protein-binding family B member 1 isoform X3 [KO:K04529]
102888425  GAPDH; glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase [KO:K00134] [EC:1.2.1.12]
102890114  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase-like [KO:K00134] [EC:1.2.1.12]
102888479  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase-like [KO:K00134] [EC:1.2.1.12]
102897521  BACE1; beta-secretase 1 isoform X2 [KO:K04521] [EC:3.4.23.46]
102896199  BACE2; beta-secretase 2 isoform X1 [KO:K07747] [EC:3.4.23.45]
102883978  RTN3; reticulon-3 [KO:K20723]
102892913  RTN4; reticulon-4 [KO:K20720]
102897571  PSENEN; gamma-secretase subunit PEN-2 [KO:K06170]
102883360  PSEN1; presenilin-1 [KO:K04505] [EC:3.4.23.-]
102888829  PSEN2; presenilin-2 [KO:K04522] [EC:3.4.23.-]
102883430  NCSTN; nicastrin isoform X2 [KO:K06171]
102886686  APH1B; gamma-secretase subunit APH-1B [KO:K06172]
102881226  APH1A; gamma-secretase subunit APH-1A [KO:K06172]
102895302  IDE; insulin-degrading enzyme isoform X1 [KO:K01408] [EC:3.4.24.56]
102892831  MME; neprilysin [KO:K01389] [EC:3.4.24.11]
102878980  MAPT; microtubule-associated protein tau isoform X4 [KO:K04380]
17963481  ND1; NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1 [KO:K03878] [EC:7.1.1.2]
17963485  ND2; NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2 [KO:K03879] [EC:7.1.1.2]
17963500  ND3; NADH dehydrogenase subunit 3 [KO:K03880] [EC:7.1.1.2]
17963503  ND4; NADH dehydrogenase subunit 4 [KO:K03881] [EC:7.1.1.2]
17963502  ND4L; NADH dehydrogenase subunit 4L [KO:K03882] [EC:7.1.1.2]
17963507  ND5; NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5 [KO:K03883] [EC:7.1.1.2]
17963508  ND6; NADH dehydrogenase subunit 6 [KO:K03884] [EC:7.1.1.2]
102888816  NDUFV1; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein 1, mitochondrial [KO:K03942] [EC:7.1.1.2]
102889596  NDUFV2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein 2, mitochondrial [KO:K03943] [EC:7.1.1.2]
102879948  NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein 3, mitochondrial-like [KO:K03944]
102892936  NDUFV3; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein 3, mitochondrial [KO:K03944]
102892221  NDUFA1; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 1 [KO:K03945]
102885537  NDUFA2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 2 [KO:K03946]
102890295  NDUFA3; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 3 [KO:K03947]
102886162  NDUFA4; cytochrome c oxidase subunit NDUFA4 [KO:K03948]
102886729  NDUFA4L2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 4-like 2 [KO:K03948]
102879327  NDUFA5; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 5 [KO:K03949]
102887186  NDUFA6; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 6 [KO:K03950]
102890253  NDUFA7; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 7 [KO:K03951]
102891306  NDUFA8; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 8 [KO:K03952]
102891178  NDUFA9; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 9, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K03953]
102884396  NDUFA10; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 10, mitochondrial [KO:K03954]
102881196  NDUFAB1; acyl carrier protein, mitochondrial [KO:K03955]
102878443  NDUFA11; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 11 [KO:K03956]
102884504  NDUFA12; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 12 [KO:K11352]
102891329  NDUFA13; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 13 isoform X1 [KO:K11353]
102898813  NDUFB1; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 1 [KO:K03957]
102878640  NDUFB2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 2, mitochondrial [KO:K03958]
102897962  NDUFB3; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 3 isoform X2 [KO:K03959]
102883875  NDUFB4; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 4 [KO:K03960]
102890880  NDUFB5; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 5, mitochondrial [KO:K03961]
102880771  NDUFB6; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 6 [KO:K03962]
102887611  NDUFB7; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 7 [KO:K03963]
102877716  NDUFB8; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 8, mitochondrial [KO:K03964]
102895940  NDUFB9; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 9 isoform X1 [KO:K03965]
102882814  NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 10 isoform X1 [KO:K03966]
107195829  NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 10-like [KO:K03966]
102896499  NDUFB11; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 11, mitochondrial [KO:K11351]
102885610  NDUFS1; NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase 75 kDa subunit, mitochondrial [KO:K03934] [EC:7.1.1.2]
102896927  NDUFS2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 2, mitochondrial [KO:K03935] [EC:7.1.1.2]
102883714  NDUFS3; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 3, mitochondrial [KO:K03936] [EC:7.1.1.2]
102897677  NDUFS4; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 4, mitochondrial [KO:K03937]
102892058  NDUFS5; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 5 [KO:K03938]
102890175  NDUFS6; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 6, mitochondrial [KO:K03939]
102878694  NDUFS7; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 7, mitochondrial [KO:K03940] [EC:7.1.1.2]
102887831  NDUFS8; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 8, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K03941] [EC:7.1.1.2]
102884293  NDUFC1; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 subunit C1, mitochondrial [KO:K03967]
102882038  NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 subunit C2 [KO:K03968]
102897292  SDHA; succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein subunit, mitochondrial [KO:K00234] [EC:1.3.5.1]
102894659  SDHB; succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur subunit, mitochondrial [KO:K00235] [EC:1.3.5.1]
102894125  SDHC; succinate dehydrogenase cytochrome b560 subunit, mitochondrial [KO:K00236]
102885251  SDHD; succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] cytochrome b small subunit, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K00237]
102877816  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit Rieske, mitochondrial [KO:K00411] [EC:7.1.1.8]
17963510  CYTB; cytochrome b [KO:K00412]
102887252  cytochrome c1, heme protein, mitochondrial [KO:K00413]
102884061  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 1, mitochondrial isoform X3 [KO:K00414]
102897924  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 2, mitochondrial [KO:K00415]
102893027  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 6, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K00416]
102879428  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 7 [KO:K00417]
102888777  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 8 [KO:K00418]
102887715  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 9 [KO:K00419]
102881751  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 10 [KO:K00420]
17963498  COX3; cytochrome c oxidase subunit III [KO:K02262]
17963491  COX1; cytochrome c oxidase subunit I [KO:K02256] [EC:7.1.1.9]
17963494  COX2; cytochrome c oxidase subunit II [KO:K02261]
102880649  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 4 isoform 1, mitochondrial [KO:K02263]
102887450  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 4 isoform 2, mitochondrial [KO:K02263]
102889439  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 5A, mitochondrial [KO:K02264]
102884658  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 5B, mitochondrial [KO:K02265]
102888565  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6A1, mitochondrial [KO:K02266]
102883838  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6A2, mitochondrial [KO:K02266]
102887595  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6B2 [KO:K02267]
102877707  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6B1 [KO:K02267]
102895163  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6C isoform X1 [KO:K02268]
107196357  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6C [KO:K02268]
102879574  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7A-related protein, mitochondrial [KO:K02270]
102881000  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7A2, mitochondrial [KO:K02270]
102880131  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7A1, mitochondrial [KO:K02270]
102883692  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7B2, mitochondrial [KO:K02271]
102888814  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7B, mitochondrial [KO:K02271]
102883704  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7B2, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02271]
102882810  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7C, mitochondrial [KO:K02272]
102882053  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 8A, mitochondrial [KO:K02273]
102897852  ATP5F1A; ATP synthase subunit alpha, mitochondrial [KO:K02132]
102882626  ATP5F1B; ATP synthase subunit beta, mitochondrial [KO:K02133] [EC:7.1.2.2]
102893309  ATP5F1C; ATP synthase subunit gamma, mitochondrial [KO:K02136]
102891411  ATP5F1D; ATP synthase subunit delta, mitochondrial [KO:K02134]
107196387  ATP5F1E; ATP synthase subunit epsilon, mitochondrial [KO:K02135]
17963497  ATP6; ATP synthase F0 subunit 6 [KO:K02126]
102878344  ATP5PB; ATP synthase F(0) complex subunit B1, mitochondrial [KO:K02127]
102889436  ATP5MC3; ATP synthase F(0) complex subunit C3, mitochondrial [KO:K02128]
102879803  ATP5MC1; ATP synthase F(0) complex subunit C1, mitochondrial [KO:K02128]
102891092  ATP5MC2; ATP synthase F(0) complex subunit C2, mitochondrial [KO:K02128]
102881902  ATP5PD; ATP synthase subunit d, mitochondrial [KO:K02138]
102894182  ATP5PO; ATP synthase subunit O, mitochondrial [KO:K02137]
102878218  ATP5PF; ATP synthase-coupling factor 6, mitochondrial [KO:K02131]
17963496  ATP8; ATP synthase F0 subunit 8 [KO:K02125]
102882756  HSD17B10; 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase type-2 [KO:K08683] [EC:1.1.1.35 1.1.1.178]
102892937  PPID; peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase D [KO:K05864] [EC:5.2.1.8]
102887036  VDAC1; voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 1 [KO:K05862]
102898192  VDAC2; voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 2 [KO:K15040]
102892527  VDAC3; voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K15041]
102897294  SLC25A31; ADP/ATP translocase 4 [KO:K05863]
102878001  SLC25A4; ADP/ATP translocase 1 [KO:K05863]
102896364  SLC25A6; ADP/ATP translocase 3 [KO:K05863]
102896575  SLC25A5; ADP/ATP translocase 2 [KO:K05863]
102885895  ADP/ATP translocase 3-like [KO:K05863]
102895596  PPIF; peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase F, mitochondrial [KO:K09565] [EC:5.2.1.8]
102892638  LPL; lipoprotein lipase [KO:K01059] [EC:3.1.1.34]
102889566  APOE; apolipoprotein E [KO:K04524]
102885981  LRP1; prolow-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 isoform X2 [KO:K04550]
102879561  FAS; tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 6 isoform X5 [KO:K04390]
102885752  TNFRSF1A; tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 1A [KO:K03158]
102892511  FADD; FAS-associated death domain protein [KO:K02373]
102878181  CASP8; caspase-8 [KO:K04398] [EC:3.4.22.61]
102887379  BID; BH3-interacting domain death agonist isoform X3 [KO:K04726]
102894226  CALM2; calmodulin-2 isoform X1 [KO:K02183]
102897273  CALM3; calmodulin-3 [KO:K02183]
102886058  CALM1; calmodulin-1 [KO:K02183]
102884196  CALML6; calmodulin-like protein 6 [KO:K02183]
102891673  calmodulin-like [KO:K02183]
102893109  CALML4; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: calmodulin-like protein 4 [KO:K02183]
102881744  calmodulin-like [KO:K02183]
102880029  PPP3CA; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2B catalytic subunit alpha isoform isoform X1 [KO:K04348] [EC:3.1.3.16]
102883156  PPP3CB; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2B catalytic subunit beta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K04348] [EC:3.1.3.16]
102898473  PPP3CC; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2B catalytic subunit gamma isoform isoform X1 [KO:K04348] [EC:3.1.3.16]
102894471  PPP3R1; calcineurin subunit B type 1 [KO:K06268]
102895490  PPP3R2; calcineurin subunit B type 2 [KO:K06268]
102877892  BAD; bcl2-associated agonist of cell death isoform X1 [KO:K02158]
102879159  cytochrome c [KO:K08738]
102893036  cytochrome c, testis-specific-like [KO:K08738]
102897687  APAF1; apoptotic protease-activating factor 1 [KO:K02084]
102878565  CASP9; caspase-9 [KO:K04399] [EC:3.4.22.62]
102897289  CASP3; caspase-3 [KO:K02187] [EC:3.4.22.56]
102885993  CHRM1; muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1 [KO:K04129]
102890762  CHRM3; muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3 [KO:K04131]
102882247  CHRM5; muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M5 [KO:K04133]
102894122  GRM5; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 [KO:K04604]
102877919  guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(q) subunit alpha [KO:K04634]
102879238  PLCB3; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-3 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
102885207  PLCB4; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-4 isoform X1 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
102885781  PLCB1; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-1 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
102885953  PLCB2; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-2 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
102894415  GRIN1; glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1 [KO:K05208]
102898336  GRIN2A; glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A [KO:K05209]
102882716  GRIN2B; glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2B [KO:K05210]
102881285  GRIN2C; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2C [KO:K05211]
102887718  GRIN2D; glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2D [KO:K05212]
102882682  CACNA1C; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1C isoform X2 [KO:K04850]
102888351  CACNA1D; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1D [KO:K04851]
102893611  CACNA1F; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1F isoform X1 [KO:K04853]
102896136  CACNA1S; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1S [KO:K04857]
102889630  neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-7 [KO:K04809]
102896287  MCU; calcium uniporter protein, mitochondrial [KO:K20858]
102895390  MAPK1; mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
102885749  MAPK3; mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
102887448  RYR3; ryanodine receptor 3 [KO:K04963]
102894982  ITPR1; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1 [KO:K04958]
102896356  ITPR2; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 2 isoform X1 [KO:K04959]
102881783  ITPR3; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 3 [KO:K04960]
102885489  ATP2A2; sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 2 [KO:K05853] [EC:7.2.2.10]
102885534  ATP2A3; sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 3 [KO:K05853] [EC:7.2.2.10]
102884591  ATP2A1; sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 1 [KO:K05853] [EC:7.2.2.10]
102878472  ATF6; cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-6 alpha isoform X2 [KO:K09054]
102882851  XBP1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: X-box-binding protein 1 [KO:K09027]
102890557  DDIT3; DNA damage-inducible transcript 3 protein isoform X2 [KO:K04452]
102888330  ERN1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: serine/threonine-protein kinase/endoribonuclease IRE1 [KO:K08852] [EC:2.7.11.1 3.1.26.-]
102894246  EIF2AK3; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2-alpha kinase 3 isoform X1 [KO:K08860] [EC:2.7.11.1]
102889343  TRAF2; TNF receptor-associated factor 2 isoform X1 [KO:K03173] [EC:2.3.2.27]
102888994  MAP3K5; mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 5 [KO:K04426] [EC:2.7.11.25]
102892533  MAP2K7; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 7 [KO:K04431] [EC:2.7.12.2]
102885064  MAPK10; mitogen-activated protein kinase 10 isoform X5 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
102890689  MAPK9; mitogen-activated protein kinase 9 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
102892777  MAPK8; mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
102884507  EIF2S1; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit 1 [KO:K03237]
102896553  ATF4; cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-4 [KO:K04374]
102891292  PSMA6; proteasome subunit alpha type-6 [KO:K02730] [EC:3.4.25.1]
102879715  PSMA2; proteasome subunit alpha type-2 isoform X1 [KO:K02726] [EC:3.4.25.1]
102897696  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: proteasome subunit alpha type-4 [KO:K02728] [EC:3.4.25.1]
102878197  PSMA4; proteasome subunit alpha type-4 [KO:K02728] [EC:3.4.25.1]
102885699  PSMA7; proteasome subunit alpha type-7 [KO:K02731] [EC:3.4.25.1]
102894592  PSMA8; proteasome subunit alpha-type 8 isoform X2 [KO:K02731] [EC:3.4.25.1]
102891315  PSMA5; proteasome subunit alpha type-5 [KO:K02729] [EC:3.4.25.1]
102894037  PSMA1; proteasome subunit alpha type-1 [KO:K02725] [EC:3.4.25.1]
102894267  PSMA3; proteasome subunit alpha type-3 [KO:K02727] [EC:3.4.25.1]
102895036  PSMB6; proteasome subunit beta type-6 [KO:K02738] [EC:3.4.25.1]
102892199  PSMB7; proteasome subunit beta type-7 [KO:K02739] [EC:3.4.25.1]
102891499  PSMB3; proteasome subunit beta type-3 [KO:K02735] [EC:3.4.25.1]
102898389  PSMB2; proteasome subunit beta type-2 [KO:K02734] [EC:3.4.25.1]
102884326  PSMB5; proteasome subunit beta type-5 [KO:K02737] [EC:3.4.25.1]
102882977  PSMB1; proteasome subunit beta type-1 [KO:K02732] [EC:3.4.25.1]
102891793  PSMB4; proteasome subunit beta type-4 [KO:K02736] [EC:3.4.25.1]
102889962  PSMC2; 26S proteasome regulatory subunit 7 [KO:K03061]
102885558  PSMC1; 26S proteasome regulatory subunit 4 [KO:K03062]
102897803  PSMC4; 26S proteasome regulatory subunit 6B [KO:K03063]
102883850  PSMC6; 26S proteasome regulatory subunit 10B [KO:K03064]
102881183  PSMC3; 26S proteasome regulatory subunit 6A [KO:K03065]
102898429  PSMC5; 26S proteasome regulatory subunit 8 [KO:K03066]
102897894  PSMD2; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 2 [KO:K03028]
102886967  PSMD1; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 1 isoform X1 [KO:K03032]
102882440  PSMD3; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 3 [KO:K03033]
102878638  PSMD9; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 9 [KO:K06693]
102893083  PSMD12; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 12 [KO:K03035]
102884968  PSMD11; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 11 [KO:K03036]
102881301  PSMD6; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 6 isoform X1 [KO:K03037]
102890061  PSMD7; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 7 [KO:K03038]
102887518  PSMD13; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 13 [KO:K03039]
102889930  PSMD4; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 4 isoform X3 [KO:K03029]
102887112  PSMD14; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 14 [KO:K03030]
102886821  PSMD8; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 8 isoform X2 [KO:K03031]
102886449  ADRM1; proteasomal ubiquitin receptor ADRM1 isoform X1 [KO:K06691]
102881642  SEM1; 26S proteasome complex subunit SEM1 [KO:K10881]
102894880  caspase-12-like [KO:K04741] [EC:3.4.22.-]
102884569  NOS1; nitric oxide synthase, brain isoform X2 [KO:K13240] [EC:1.14.13.39]
102891365  CAPN1; calpain-1 catalytic subunit [KO:K01367] [EC:3.4.22.52]
102897695  CAPN2; calpain-2 catalytic subunit isoform X2 [KO:K03853] [EC:3.4.22.53]
102884715  CDK5R1; cyclin-dependent kinase 5 activator 1 [KO:K11716]
102878775  SLC39A1; zinc transporter ZIP1 [KO:K14709]
102879524  SLC39A2; zinc transporter ZIP2 isoform X2 [KO:K14709]
102887981  zinc transporter ZIP2 [KO:K14709]
102886535  SLC39A3; zinc transporter ZIP3 [KO:K14709]
102890811  SLC39A4; zinc transporter ZIP4 [KO:K14710]
102898982  SLC39A5; zinc transporter ZIP5 isoform X1 [KO:K14711]
102881580  SLC39A6; zinc transporter ZIP6 [KO:K14712]
102889633  SLC39A7; zinc transporter SLC39A7 isoform X2 [KO:K14713]
102880280  SLC39A8; zinc transporter ZIP8 [KO:K14714]
102889666  SLC39A9; zinc transporter ZIP9 isoform X1 [KO:K14715]
102888279  SLC39A10; zinc transporter ZIP10 [KO:K14716]
102884076  SLC39A11; zinc transporter ZIP11 [KO:K14717]
102881259  SLC39A12; zinc transporter ZIP12 [KO:K14718]
102880743  SLC39A13; zinc transporter ZIP13 isoform X2 [KO:K14719]
102898226  SLC39A14; zinc transporter ZIP14 [KO:K14720]
102888126  SLC11A2; natural resistance-associated macrophage protein 2 isoform X3 [KO:K21398]
102879023  CDK5; cyclin-dependent-like kinase 5 isoform X1 [KO:K02090] [EC:2.7.11.22]
102882441  GSK3B; glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta isoform X4 [KO:K03083] [EC:2.7.11.26]
102879606  CASP7; caspase-7 [KO:K04397] [EC:3.4.22.60]
102885148  DKK1; dickkopf-related protein 1 [KO:K02165]
102885949  DKK2; dickkopf-related protein 2 [KO:K02165]
102892774  DKK4; dickkopf-related protein 4 [KO:K02165]
102888016  WNT1; proto-oncogene Wnt-1 [KO:K03209]
102880959  WNT2B; protein Wnt-2b isoform X1 [KO:K00182]
102885080  WNT2; protein Wnt-2 [KO:K00182]
102895795  WNT3A; protein Wnt-3a [KO:K00312]
102877979  WNT3; proto-oncogene Wnt-3 [KO:K00312]
102888866  WNT4; protein Wnt-4 [KO:K00408]
102890342  WNT5A; protein Wnt-5a isoform X5 [KO:K00444]
102881682  WNT5B; protein Wnt-5b isoform X2 [KO:K00444]
102882368  WNT6; protein Wnt-6 isoform X1 [KO:K00445]
102888597  WNT7A; protein Wnt-7a [KO:K00572]
102898026  WNT7B; protein Wnt-7b isoform X1 [KO:K00572]
102896480  WNT8A; protein Wnt-8a [KO:K00714]
102878209  WNT8B; protein Wnt-8b [KO:K00714]
102885223  protein Wnt-9b [KO:K01064]
102884543  WNT9A; protein Wnt-9a [KO:K01064]
102882121  WNT10A; protein Wnt-10a [KO:K01357]
102888263  WNT10B; protein Wnt-10b [KO:K01357]
102877879  WNT11; protein Wnt-11 [KO:K01384]
102882050  WNT16; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: protein Wnt-16 [KO:K01558]
102880538  FZD7; frizzled-7 [KO:K02432]
102895634  FZD1; frizzled-1 [KO:K02432]
102884150  FZD2; frizzled-2 [KO:K02235]
102890038  FZD3; frizzled-3 isoform X1 [KO:K02329]
102892989  FZD4; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: frizzled-4 [KO:K02354]
102877864  FZD8; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: frizzled-8 [KO:K02375]
102883426  FZD5; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: frizzled-5 [KO:K02375]
102890002  FZD6; frizzled-6 [KO:K02376]
102894135  FZD10; frizzled-10 [KO:K02842]
102878169  FZD9; frizzled-9 [KO:K02842]
102894479  LRP5; low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5 [KO:K03068]
102878233  LRP6; low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 6 [KO:K03068]
102879920  CSNK1E; casein kinase I isoform X2 [KO:K08960] [EC:2.7.11.1]
102895469  DVL3; segment polarity protein dishevelled homolog DVL-3 isoform X1 [KO:K02353]
102880039  DVL2; segment polarity protein dishevelled homolog DVL-2 isoform X1 [KO:K02353]
102881158  DVL1; segment polarity protein dishevelled homolog DVL-1 isoform X1 [KO:K02353]
102896339  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: proto-oncogene FRAT1 [KO:K03069]
102883511  CSNK2A1; casein kinase II subunit alpha [KO:K03097] [EC:2.7.11.1]
102893812  CSNK2A2; casein kinase II subunit alpha' [KO:K03097] [EC:2.7.11.1]
102884366  CSNK2B; casein kinase II subunit beta [KO:K03115]
102878657  AXIN1; axin-1 isoform X1 [KO:K02157]
102885831  AXIN2; axin-2 [KO:K04385]
102880260  APC; adenomatous polyposis coli protein isoform X3 [KO:K02085]
102891886  APC2; adenomatous polyposis coli protein 2 [KO:K02085]
102880017  CTNNB1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: catenin beta-1 [KO:K02105]
102884974  CSNK1A1; casein kinase I isoform X3 [KO:K08957] [EC:2.7.11.1]
102891447  KIF5A; kinesin heavy chain isoform X4 [KO:K10396]
102893034  KIF5C; kinesin heavy chain [KO:K10396]
102894324  KIF5B; kinesin-1 heavy chain [KO:K10396]
102882862  KLC1; kinesin light chain 1 isoform X1 [KO:K10407]
102881639  KLC2; kinesin light chain 2 isoform X2 [KO:K10407]
102895993  KLC4; kinesin light chain 4 isoform X1 [KO:K10407]
102891458  KLC3; kinesin light chain 3 [KO:K10407]
102888208  TUBA8; tubulin alpha-8 chain isoform X1 [KO:K07374]
102878377  tubulin alpha-1B chain [KO:K07374]
102878622  tubulin alpha-4A chain [KO:K07374]
102896769  tubulin alpha-3 chain [KO:K07374]
102886332  tubulin alpha-1C chain [KO:K07374]
102888346  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: tubulin alpha-1B chain [KO:K07374]
102888100  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: tubulin alpha-1C chain [KO:K07374]
102885035  TUBB1; tubulin beta-1 chain isoform X2 [KO:K07375]
102881699  TUBB6; tubulin beta-6 chain [KO:K07375]
102882060  TUBB; tubulin beta chain [KO:K07375]
102892368  TUBB4B; tubulin beta-4B chain [KO:K07375]
102884393  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: tubulin beta-2B chain [KO:K07375]
102884657  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: tubulin beta-2A chain [KO:K07375]
102885129  tubulin beta-4B chain [KO:K07375]
102888291  tubulin beta-2 chain [KO:K07375]
102896393  AGER; advanced glycosylation end product-specific receptor isoform X1 [KO:K19722]
102896270  HRAS; GTPase HRas isoform X3 [KO:K02833]
102895590  KRAS; GTPase KRas isoform X1 [KO:K07827]
102885950  NRAS; GTPase NRas isoform X2 [KO:K07828]
102877877  ARAF; serine/threonine-protein kinase A-Raf isoform X2 [KO:K08845] [EC:2.7.11.1]
102878393  BRAF; serine/threonine-protein kinase B-raf isoform X2 [KO:K04365] [EC:2.7.11.1]
102893439  RAF1; RAF proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04366] [EC:2.7.11.1]
102897122  MAP2K1; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04368] [EC:2.7.12.2]
102879034  MAP2K2; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 2 [KO:K04369] [EC:2.7.12.2]
102880187  NOX1; NADPH oxidase 1 [KO:K08008]
102887189  cytochrome b-245 heavy chain [KO:K21421] [EC:1.-.-.-]
102894630  NOX4; NADPH oxidase 4 isoform X1 [KO:K21423] [EC:1.6.3.-]
102878395  RELA; transcription factor p65 [KO:K04735]
102880692  NFKB1; nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit isoform X1 [KO:K02580]
102878456  NOS2; nitric oxide synthase, inducible [KO:K13241] [EC:1.14.13.39]
102886561  PTGS2; prostaglandin G/H synthase 2 [KO:K11987] [EC:1.14.99.1]
102887632  TNF; tumor necrosis factor [KO:K03156]
102895746  IL6; interleukin-6 [KO:K05405]
102892998  IL1A; interleukin-1 alpha [KO:K04383]
102893238  IL1B; interleukin-1 beta [KO:K04519]
102894339  CSF1; macrophage colony-stimulating factor 1 isoform X2 [KO:K05453]
102893821  SNCA; alpha-synuclein [KO:K04528]
102890643  EIF2AK2; interferon-induced, double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase [KO:K16195] [EC:2.7.11.1]
102879469  CHUK; inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit alpha [KO:K04467] [EC:2.7.11.10]
102893261  IKBKB; inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit beta isoform X1 [KO:K07209] [EC:2.7.11.10]
102880203  IKBKG; NF-kappa-B essential modulator isoform X1 [KO:K07210]
102881117  insulin [KO:K04526]
102879346  INSR; insulin receptor [KO:K04527] [EC:2.7.10.1]
102891583  IRS1; insulin receptor substrate 1 [KO:K16172]
102898575  IRS2; insulin receptor substrate 2 isoform X1 [KO:K07187]
102895007  IRS4; insulin receptor substrate 4 [KO:K17446]
102879163  PIK3R1; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K02649]
102891637  phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit gamma isoform X3 [KO:K02649]
102879453  PIK3R2; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit beta [KO:K02649]
102889227  PIK3CA; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
102880320  PIK3CB; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
102889576  PIK3CD; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
102885144  AKT1; RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
102879337  AKT3; RAC-gamma serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
102898305  AKT2; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: RAC-beta serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
102885092  MTOR; serine/threonine-protein kinase mTOR [KO:K07203] [EC:2.7.11.1]
102893241  ULK1; serine/threonine-protein kinase ULK1 [KO:K21357] [EC:2.7.11.1]
102895828  ULK2; serine/threonine-protein kinase ULK2 isoform X2 [KO:K08269] [EC:2.7.11.1]
102884365  ATG101; autophagy-related protein 101 [KO:K19730]
102897990  ATG13; autophagy-related protein 13 isoform X1 [KO:K08331]
102897973  RB1CC1; RB1-inducible coiled-coil protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K17589]
102896507  AMBRA1; activating molecule in BECN1-regulated autophagy protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K17985]
102878296  BECN2; beclin-2 [KO:K08334]
102877943  BECN1; beclin-1 isoform X2 [KO:K08334]
102892160  PIK3R4; phosphoinositide 3-kinase regulatory subunit 4 isoform X1 [KO:K08333] [EC:2.7.11.1]
102899026  ATG14; beclin 1-associated autophagy-related key regulator [KO:K17889]
102882319  NRBF2; nuclear receptor-binding factor 2 isoform X1 [KO:K21246]
102897610  PIK3C3; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase catalytic subunit type 3 [KO:K00914] [EC:2.7.1.137]
102895655  ATG2A; autophagy-related protein 2 homolog A isoform X1 [KO:K17906]
102896408  ATG2B; autophagy-related protein 2 homolog B isoform X1 [KO:K17906]
102884976  WIPI2; WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K17908]
102890320  WIPI1; WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 1 [KO:K17908]
Compound
C00027  Hydrogen peroxide
C00038  Zinc cation
C00070  Copper
C00076  Calcium cation
C00533  Nitric oxide
C00704  Superoxide
C01245  D-myo-Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate
C01319  Hg
C04549  1-Phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3-phosphate
C05981  Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate
C14818  Fe2+
C16514  Amyloid beta protein 40
C16515  Amyloid beta protein 42
C16845  Peroxynitrite
C19610  Manganese(2+)
C21011  [Protein]-N(epsilon)-(carboxymethyl)lysine
C21012  [Protein]-N(epsilon)-(carboxyethyl)lysine
C21013  [Protein]-pyrraline
C21014  [Protein]-pentosidine
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  Journal
Alzheimers Dement 10:S26-32 (2014)
DOI:10.1016/j.jalz.2013.12.004
Reference
PMID:26136647
  Authors
Bedse G, Di Domenico F, Serviddio G, Cassano T
  Title
Aberrant insulin signaling in Alzheimer's disease: current knowledge.
  Journal
Front Neurosci 9:204 (2015)
DOI:10.3389/fnins.2015.00204
Reference
PMID:20101724
  Authors
Funderburk SF, Marcellino BK, Yue Z
  Title
Cell "self-eating" (autophagy) mechanism in Alzheimer's disease.
  Journal
Mt Sinai J Med 77:59-68 (2010)
DOI:10.1002/msj.20161
Related
pathway
pale00190  Oxidative phosphorylation
pale03050  Proteasome
pale04020  Calcium signaling pathway
pale04140  Autophagy - animal
pale04141  Protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum
pale04210  Apoptosis
pale04310  Wnt signaling pathway
pale04910  Insulin signaling pathway
pale04933  AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications
KO pathway
ko05010   
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