KEGG   PATHWAY: dle05170
Entry
dle05170                    Pathway                                
Name
Human immunodeficiency virus 1 infection - Delphinapterus leucas (beluga whale)
Description
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) , the causative agent of AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome), is a lentivirus belonging to the Retroviridae family. The primary cell surface receptor for HIV-1, the CD4 protein, and the co-receptor for HIV-1, either CCR5 or CXCR4, are found on macrophages and T lymphocytes. At the earliest step, sequential binding of virus envelope (Env) glycoprotein gp120 to CD4 and the co-receptor CCR5 or CXCR4 facilitates HIV-1 entry and has the potential to trigger critical signaling that may favor viral replication. At advanced stages of the disease, HIV-1 infection results in dramatic induction of T-cell (CD4+ T and CD8+ T cell) apoptosis both in infected and uninfected bystander T cells, a hallmark of HIV-1 pathogenesis. On the contrary, macrophages are resistant to the cytopathic effect of HIV-1 and produce virus for longer periods of time.
Class
Human Diseases; Infectious disease: viral
Pathway map
dle05170  Human immunodeficiency virus 1 infection
dle05170

Disease
H00406  Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)
H01563  HIV infection
Organism
Delphinapterus leucas (beluga whale) [GN:dle]
Gene
111162668  AP1B1; AP-1 complex subunit beta-1 isoform X1 [KO:K12392]
111162707  [KO:K05744] [EC:2.7.11.1]
111162913  CRKL; crk-like protein [KO:K04438]
111163020  CCNB1; G2/mitotic-specific cyclin-B1 [KO:K05868]
111163022  MAPK1; mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
111163101  [KO:K05414]
111163130  [KO:K05414]
111163760  RPS6KB1; ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta-1 isoform X1 [KO:K04688] [EC:2.7.11.1]
111163761  MAP3K7; mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 7 isoform X1 [KO:K04427] [EC:2.7.11.25]
111163963  GNG4; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-4 [KO:K04541]
111164122  AP1G2; AP-1 complex subunit gamma-like 2 isoform X1 [KO:K12391]
111164202  NFATC4; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 4 [KO:K17334]
111164350  MYD88; myeloid differentiation primary response protein MyD88 isoform X1 [KO:K04729]
111164599  GNAI1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-1 [KO:K04630]
111165046  PTK2; focal adhesion kinase 1 isoform X1 [KO:K05725] [EC:2.7.10.2]
111165276  [KO:K06632] [EC:2.7.11.1]
111165310  GNAO1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(o) subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04534]
111165611  PAK5; serine/threonine-protein kinase PAK 5 [KO:K05736] [EC:2.7.11.1]
111165746  PAK3; serine/threonine-protein kinase PAK 3 isoform X1 [KO:K05733] [EC:2.7.11.1]
111165994  MAP2K2; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 2 isoform X1 [KO:K04369] [EC:2.7.12.2]
111166011  MAP2K7; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 7 isoform X1 [KO:K04431] [EC:2.7.12.2]
111166034  AP1M2; AP-1 complex subunit mu-2 isoform X1 [KO:K12393]
111166066  GNA11; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit alpha-11 [KO:K04635]
111166309  GNGT2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-T2 [KO:K04549]
111166589  AP1M1; AP-1 complex subunit mu-1 [KO:K12393]
111166652  PIK3R2; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit beta [KO:K02649]
111166685  CALR; calreticulin [KO:K08057]
111166690  [KO:K06751]
111166754  BST2; bone marrow stromal antigen 2 [KO:K06731]
111166783  GNG14; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: putative guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-14 [KO:K04347]
111166813  TAB2; TGF-beta-activated kinase 1 and MAP3K7-binding protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K04404]
111166898  CD3E; T-cell surface glycoprotein CD3 epsilon chain [KO:K06451]
111166923  CD3D; T-cell surface glycoprotein CD3 delta chain [KO:K06450]
111166936  CD3G; T-cell surface glycoprotein CD3 gamma chain [KO:K06452]
111167284  NFATC1; nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04446]
111167315  CD247; T-cell surface glycoprotein CD3 zeta chain isoform X1 [KO:K06453]
111167465  CHEK1; serine/threonine-protein kinase Chk1 isoform X1 [KO:K02216] [EC:2.7.11.1]
111167618  CDK1; cyclin-dependent kinase 1 [KO:K02087] [EC:2.7.11.22 2.7.11.23]
111167700  MAP2K3; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 3 [KO:K04432] [EC:2.7.12.2]
111168050  ATM; serine-protein kinase ATM isoform X1 [KO:K04728] [EC:2.7.11.1]
111168073  CUL5; cullin-5 isoform X1 [KO:K10612]
111168108  MAPK10; mitogen-activated protein kinase 10 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
111168233  CUL4B; cullin-4B isoform X1 [KO:K10609]
111168891  AP1S2; AP-1 complex subunit sigma-2 isoform X1 [KO:K12394]
111168973  RAF1; RAF proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04366] [EC:2.7.11.1]
111169035  PPP3CC; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2B catalytic subunit gamma isoform isoform X1 [KO:K04348] [EC:3.1.3.16]
111169208  [KO:K06632] [EC:2.7.11.1]
111169265  MAPK9; mitogen-activated protein kinase 9 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
111169503  CCNB3; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: G2/mitotic-specific cyclin-B3 [KO:K21771]
111169895  MAPK8; mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
111170127  [KO:K02183]
111170265  FASLG; tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 6 [KO:K04389]
111170340  HRAS; GTPase HRas isoform X1 [KO:K02833]
111170605  IRAK1; interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 1 [KO:K04730] [EC:2.7.11.1]
111170644  [KO:K06751]
111170657  TNF; tumor necrosis factor [KO:K03156]
111170918  GNG7; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-7 [KO:K04543]
111170969  IKBKG; NF-kappa-B essential modulator isoform X1 [KO:K07210]
111171121  [KO:K05414]
111171122  [KO:K05414]
111171298  [KO:K10784]
111171351  [KO:K08055]
111171394  [KO:K06751]
111171726  CASP8; caspase-8 [KO:K04398] [EC:3.4.22.61]
111171873  AP1S3; AP-1 complex subunit sigma-3 [KO:K12395]
111172258  PAK2; serine/threonine-protein kinase PAK 2 isoform X1 [KO:K04410] [EC:2.7.11.1]
111172377  BTRC; F-box/WD repeat-containing protein 1A isoform X1 [KO:K03362]
111172396  CHUK; inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04467] [EC:2.7.11.10]
111172519  FAS; tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 6 isoform X1 [KO:K04390]
111172717  CXCR4; C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 [KO:K04189]
111172911  [KO:K08738]
111173161  GNG2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-2 [KO:K07826]
111173225  NFKBIA; NF-kappa-B inhibitor alpha [KO:K04734]
111173235  CFL2; cofilin-2 [KO:K05765]
111173401  CASP3; caspase-3 isoform X1 [KO:K02187] [EC:3.4.22.56]
111173552  IKBKB; inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit beta isoform X1 [KO:K07209] [EC:2.7.11.10]
111173795  TBK1; serine/threonine-protein kinase TBK1 [KO:K05410] [EC:2.7.11.10]
111173828  GNB4; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit beta-4 isoform X1 [KO:K04538]
111173839  PIK3CA; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
111174031  [KO:K08738]
111174096  IRAK4; interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 4 isoform X1 [KO:K04733] [EC:2.7.11.1]
111174169  ITPR1; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04958]
111174197  [KO:K08738]
111174341  DCAF1; DDB1- and CUL4-associated factor 1 isoform X1 [KO:K11789] [EC:2.7.11.1]
111174368  GNAI2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-2 [KO:K04630]
111174480  [KO:K04180]
111174560  IFNB1; interferon beta [KO:K05415]
111174571  GNAQ; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(q) subunit alpha [KO:K04634]
111174575  [KO:K08738]
111174794  CALM2; calmodulin-2 [KO:K02183]
111175474  [KO:K08057]
111175760  [KO:K02649]
111175787  [KO:K10609]
111175871  JUN; transcription factor AP-1 [KO:K04448]
111175930  [KO:K08738]
111176008  AKT1; RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
111176162  CALM1; calmodulin-1 [KO:K02183]
111176238  FOS; proto-oncogene c-Fos [KO:K04379]
111176363  CUL4A; cullin-4A [KO:K10609]
111176587  BID; BH3-interacting domain death agonist isoform X1 [KO:K04726]
111176656  TNFRSF1A; tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 1A [KO:K03158]
111176687  CD4; T-cell surface glycoprotein CD4 [KO:K06454]
111176690  [KO:K07825]
111176694  GNB3; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-3 isoform X1 [KO:K07825]
111176851  KRAS; GTPase KRas [KO:K07827]
111176861  ITPR2; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 2 isoform X1 [KO:K04959]
111177009  TRAF2; TNF receptor-associated factor 2 [KO:K03173] [EC:2.3.2.27]
111177194  CUL1; cullin-1 [KO:K03347]
111177277  TLR4; toll-like receptor 4 isoform X1 [KO:K10160]
111177332  GNG10; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-10 [KO:K04545]
111177559  AKT3; RAC-gamma serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
111177576  CCNB2; G2/mitotic-specific cyclin-B2 isoform X1 [KO:K21770]
111177584  WEE2; wee1-like protein kinase 2 [KO:K06632] [EC:2.7.11.1]
111177624  GNB5; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit beta-5 isoform X1 [KO:K04539]
111177745  MAP2K1; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 [KO:K04368] [EC:2.7.12.2]
111177758  CALML4; calmodulin-like protein 4 isoform X1 [KO:K02183]
111178375  GNG5; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-5 [KO:K04542]
111178437  GNG12; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-12 [KO:K04347]
111178659  TAP2; antigen peptide transporter 2 isoform X1 [KO:K05654] [EC:7.4.2.14]
111178660  TAP1; antigen peptide transporter 1 isoform X1 [KO:K05653] [EC:7.4.2.14]
111178682  TAPBP; tapasin isoform X1 [KO:K08058]
111178690  BAK1; bcl-2 homologous antagonist/killer isoform X1 [KO:K14021]
111178692  ITPR3; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 3 isoform X1 [KO:K04960]
111178736  MAPK14; mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 isoform X1 [KO:K04441] [EC:2.7.11.24]
111178738  MAPK13; mitogen-activated protein kinase 13 isoform X2 [KO:K04441] [EC:2.7.11.24]
111179107  PPP3CA; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2B catalytic subunit alpha isoform isoform X1 [KO:K04348] [EC:3.1.3.16]
111179110  NFKB1; nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit isoform X1 [KO:K02580]
111179235  PIK3CB; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
111179254  RNF7; RING-box protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K10611]
111179265  ATR; serine/threonine-protein kinase ATR isoform X1 [KO:K06640] [EC:2.7.11.1]
111179463  PLCG2; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase gamma-2 [KO:K05859] [EC:3.1.4.11]
111179555  AP1G1; AP-1 complex subunit gamma-1 isoform X1 [KO:K12391]
111179609  NFATC3; nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 3 isoform X1 [KO:K17333]
111179654  TRADD; tumor necrosis factor receptor type 1-associated DEATH domain protein [KO:K03171]
111179772  TRAF6; TNF receptor-associated factor 6 isoform X1 [KO:K03175] [EC:2.3.2.27]
111179996  NRAS; GTPase NRas [KO:K07828]
111180070  GNAI3; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha [KO:K04630]
111180199  BCL2; apoptosis regulator Bcl-2 [KO:K02161]
111180543  [KO:K08738]
111180609  IRF3; interferon regulatory factor 3 isoform X1 [KO:K05411]
111180640  BAX; apoptosis regulator BAX isoform X1 [KO:K02159]
111180709  GNG8; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-8 [KO:K04544]
111180711  CALM3; calmodulin-3 [KO:K02183]
111180855  AKT2; RAC-beta serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
111180877  PAK4; serine/threonine-protein kinase PAK 4 [KO:K05734] [EC:2.7.11.1]
111180981  PRKCG; protein kinase C gamma type isoform X1 [KO:K19663] [EC:2.7.11.13]
111181049  GNG11; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-11 [KO:K04546]
111181305  RIPK1; receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 1 isoform X1 [KO:K02861] [EC:2.7.11.1]
111181647  [KO:K08055]
111181648  [KO:K08055]
111181668  PDIA3; protein disulfide-isomerase A3 [KO:K08056] [EC:5.3.4.1]
111181755  [KO:K05735] [EC:2.7.11.1]
111181886  RAC1; ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 [KO:K04392]
111181977  GNB2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-2 [KO:K04537]
111181996  AP1S1; AP-1 complex subunit sigma-1A [KO:K12394]
111182050  LIMK1; LIM domain kinase 1 isoform X1 [KO:K05743] [EC:2.7.11.1]
111182181  MAPK3; mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
111182232  PRKCB; protein kinase C beta type isoform X1 [KO:K19662] [EC:2.7.11.13]
111182443  SKP1; S-phase kinase-associated protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K03094]
111182493  CDC25C; M-phase inducer phosphatase 3 [KO:K05867] [EC:3.1.3.48]
111182516  STING1; stimulator of interferon genes protein [KO:K12654]
111182681  RAC3; ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 3 isoform X2 [KO:K07861]
111182897  MAP2K6; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 6 isoform X1 [KO:K04433] [EC:2.7.12.2]
111182917  PRKCA; protein kinase C alpha type isoform X1 [KO:K02677] [EC:2.7.11.13]
111183022  GNGT1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(T) subunit gamma-T1 [KO:K04548]
111183240  CGAS; cyclic GMP-AMP synthase [KO:K17834] [EC:2.7.7.86]
111183521  PPP3CB; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2B catalytic subunit beta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K04348] [EC:3.1.3.16]
111183629  FADD; FAS-associated death domain protein [KO:K02373]
111183673  RPS6KB2; ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta-2 isoform X1 [KO:K04688] [EC:2.7.11.1]
111183739  CFL1; cofilin-1 [KO:K05765]
111183745  RELA; transcription factor p65 isoform X1 [KO:K04735]
111183810  BAD; bcl2-associated agonist of cell death [KO:K02158]
111183856  GNG3; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-3 [KO:K04540]
111183892  DDB1; DNA damage-binding protein 1 [KO:K10610]
111184170  PLCG1; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase gamma-1 isoform X1 [KO:K01116] [EC:3.1.4.11]
111184208  SAMHD1; deoxynucleoside triphosphate triphosphohydrolase SAMHD1 isoform X1 [KO:K22544] [EC:3.1.5.-]
111184277  [KO:K08055]
111184326  BCL2L1; bcl-2-like protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04570]
111184706  TRAF5; TNF receptor-associated factor 5 isoform X1 [KO:K09849]
111184900  PAK1; serine/threonine-protein kinase PAK 1 [KO:K04409] [EC:2.7.11.1]
111185128  GNG13; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-13 [KO:K04547]
111185208  ELOB; elongin-B [KO:K03873]
111185408  PTK2B; protein-tyrosine kinase 2-beta isoform X1 [KO:K05871] [EC:2.7.10.2]
111185480  FBXW11; F-box/WD repeat-containing protein 11 isoform X1 [KO:K03362]
111185598  ELOC; elongin-C [KO:K03872]
111185687  CRK; adapter molecule crk isoform X1 [KO:K04438]
111185984  PIK3R1; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K02649]
111186177  [KO:K18750] [EC:3.5.4.-]
111186179  [KO:K18750] [EC:3.5.4.-]
111186216  RAC2; ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 2 isoform X1 [KO:K07860]
111186303  RBX1; E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase RBX1 [KO:K03868] [EC:2.3.2.32]
111186361  MAPK12; mitogen-activated protein kinase 12 isoform X1 [KO:K04441] [EC:2.7.11.24]
111186364  MAPK11; mitogen-activated protein kinase 11 isoform X1 [KO:K04441] [EC:2.7.11.24]
111186464  TAB1; TGF-beta-activated kinase 1 and MAP3K7-binding protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04403]
111186607  PPP3R1; calcineurin subunit B type 1 [KO:K06268]
111186778  NFATC2; nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 2 isoform X1 [KO:K17332]
111187038  TNFRSF1B; tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 1B [KO:K05141]
111187055  GNB1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-1 [KO:K04536]
111187099  CASP9; caspase-9 [KO:K04399] [EC:3.4.22.62]
111187200  CALML6; calmodulin-like protein 6 [KO:K02183]
111187262  PIK3CD; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
111187265  MTOR; serine/threonine-protein kinase mTOR isoform X1 [KO:K07203] [EC:2.7.11.1]
111187714  TLR2; toll-like receptor 2 [KO:K10159]
111188120  PPP3R2; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: calcineurin subunit B type 2 [KO:K06268]
111188135  PXN; paxillin isoform X5 [KO:K05760]
Compound
C00076  Calcium cation
C00165  Diacylglycerol
C01245  D-myo-Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate
C05981  Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate
C20640  Cyclic GMP-AMP
Reference
PMID:22749173
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HIV persistence: chemokines and their signalling pathways.
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Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 23:151-7 (2012)
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Reference
PMID:23806647
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Plasma membrane signaling in HIV-1 infection.
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Biochim Biophys Acta 1838:1132-42 (2014)
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Reference
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PLoS Pathog 5:e1000520 (2009)
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PMID:22085380
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Drug discovery research targeting the CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4).
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J Med Chem 55:977-94 (2012)
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Reference
PMID:21321123
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LIM kinase 1 modulates cortical actin and CXCR4 cycling and is activated by HIV-1 to initiate viral infection.
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J Biol Chem 286:12554-64 (2011)
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Reference
PMID:15817946
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Biology of the HIV Nef protein.
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Indian J Med Res 121:315-32 (2005)
Reference
PMID:24822052
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Roy N, Pacini G, Berlioz-Torrent C, Janvier K
  Title
Mechanisms underlying HIV-1 Vpu-mediated viral egress.
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Front Microbiol 5:177 (2014)
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Reference
PMID:22090097
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Magadan JG, Bonifacino JS
  Title
Transmembrane domain determinants of CD4 Downregulation by HIV-1 Vpu.
  Journal
J Virol 86:757-72 (2012)
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Reference
PMID:26056579
  Authors
Kumar A, Herbein G
  Title
The macrophage: a therapeutic target in HIV-1 infection.
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Mol Cell Ther 2:10 (2014)
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Reference
PMID:20672047
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Yokota S, Okabayashi T, Fujii N
  Title
The battle between virus and host: modulation of Toll-like receptor signaling pathways by virus infection.
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Mediators Inflamm 2010:184328 (2010)
DOI:10.1155/2010/184328
Reference
PMID:26628325
  Authors
Sauter D, Kirchhoff F
  Title
HIV replication: a game of hide and sense.
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Curr Opin HIV AIDS 11:173-81 (2016)
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Reference
PMID:25988887
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Altfeld M, Gale M Jr
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Innate immunity against HIV-1 infection.
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Nat Immunol 16:554-62 (2015)
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Reference
PMID:28358311
  Authors
Pasquereau S, Kumar A, Herbein G
  Title
Targeting TNF and TNF Receptor Pathway in HIV-1 Infection: from Immune Activation to Viral Reservoirs.
  Journal
Viruses 9:E64 (2017)
DOI:10.3390/v9040064
Reference
PMID:18178131
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Herbein G, Khan KA
  Title
Is HIV infection a TNF receptor signalling-driven disease?
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Trends Immunol 29:61-7 (2008)
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Reference
PMID:24453421
  Authors
Kumar A, Abbas W, Herbein G
  Title
TNF and TNF receptor superfamily members in HIV infection: new cellular targets for therapy?
  Journal
Mediators Inflamm 2013:484378 (2013)
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Related
pathway
dle03050  Proteasome
dle04010  MAPK signaling pathway
dle04020  Calcium signaling pathway
dle04064  NF-kappa B signaling pathway
dle04110  Cell cycle
dle04141  Protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum
dle04142  Lysosome
dle04150  mTOR signaling pathway
dle04151  PI3K-Akt signaling pathway
dle04210  Apoptosis
dle04612  Antigen processing and presentation
dle04620  Toll-like receptor signaling pathway
dle04623  Cytosolic DNA-sensing pathway
dle04668  TNF signaling pathway
dle04810  Regulation of actin cytoskeleton
KO pathway
ko05170   

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