Entry
Name
Proteoglycans in cancer - Canis lupus familiaris (dog)
Description
Many proteoglycans (PGs) in the tumor microenvironment have been shown to be key macromolecules that contribute to biology of various types of cancer including proliferation, adhesion, angiogenesis and metastasis, affecting tumor progress. The four main types of proteoglycans include hyaluronan (HA), which does not occur as a PG but in free form, heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs), chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs), dematan sulfate proteoglycans (DSPG) and keratan sulfate proteoglycans (KSPGs) [BR:
00535 ]. Among these proteoglycans such as HA, acting with CD44, promotes tumor cell growth and migration, whereas other proteoglycans such as syndecans (-1~-4), glypican (-1, -3) and perlecan may interact with growth factors, cytokines, morphogens and enzymes through HS chains [BR:
00536 ], also leading to tumor growth and invasion. In contrast, some of the small leucine-rich proteolgycans, such as decorin and lumican, can function as tumor repressors, and modulate the signaling pathways by the interaction of their core proteins and multiple receptors.
Class
Human Diseases; Cancer: overview
BRITE hierarchy
Pathway map
Ortholog table
Organism
Canis lupus familiaris (dog) [GN:
cfa ]
Gene
100684969 HCLS1; hematopoietic lineage cell-specific protein isoform X1 [KO:K06106 ]
483312 GRB2; growth factor receptor-bound protein 2 [KO:K04364 ]
608060 VAV2; guanine nucleotide exchange factor VAV2 isoform X1 [KO:K05730 ]
479921 VAV3; guanine nucleotide exchange factor VAV3 isoform X1 [KO:K05730 ]
476865 RRAS2; ras-related protein R-Ras2 isoform X3 [KO:K07830 ]
477082 MRAS; ras-related protein M-Ras isoform X1 [KO:K07831 ]
484648 RAF1; RAF proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04366 ] [EC:2.7.11.1 ]
403955 RAC1; ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 precursor [KO:K04392 ]
479050 IQGAP1; ras GTPase-activating-like protein IQGAP1 [KO:K16848 ]
119863888 CDC42; cell division control protein 42 homolog isoform X1 [KO:K04393 ]
491860 ELK1; ETS domain-containing protein Elk-1 [KO:K04375 ]
487731 TIAM1; T-lymphoma invasion and metastasis-inducing protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K05731 ]
100856354 ARHGEF1; rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor 1 isoform X4 [KO:K12330 ]
483808 GAB1; GRB2-associated-binding protein 1 isoform X5 [KO:K09593 ]
488084 PIK3CA; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K00922 ] [EC:2.7.1.153 ]
489644 PIK3CD; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta isoform isoform X3 [KO:K00922 ] [EC:2.7.1.153 ]
477085 PIK3CB; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform [KO:K00922 ] [EC:2.7.1.153 ]
609956 PIK3R2; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit beta [KO:K02649 ]
487235 PIK3R1; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K02649 ]
100856339 phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit gamma isoform X1 [KO:K02649 ]
403557 PPP1CC; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase PP1-gamma catalytic subunit [KO:K06269 ] [EC:3.1.3.16 ]
403558 PPP1CB; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase PP1-beta catalytic subunit [KO:K06269 ] [EC:3.1.3.16 ]
403609 PPP1CA; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase PP1-alpha catalytic subunit [KO:K06269 ] [EC:3.1.3.16 ]
475411 PPP1R12A; protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 12A isoform X2 [KO:K06270 ]
490230 PPP1R12B; protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 12B isoform X12 [KO:K12329 ]
100683226 PPP1R12C; protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 12C isoform X1 [KO:K17457 ]
479409 ARHGEF12; rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor 12 isoform X1 [KO:K07532 ]
486808 PLCE1; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase epsilon-1 [KO:K05860 ] [EC:3.1.4.11 ]
476548 ITPR1; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04958 ]
486628 ITPR2; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 2 isoform X2 [KO:K04959 ]
481746 ITPR3; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 3 isoform X1 [KO:K04960 ]
489050 CAMK2G; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit gamma isoform X1 [KO:K04515 ] [EC:2.7.11.17 ]
610764 CAMK2D; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit delta isoform X2 [KO:K04515 ] [EC:2.7.11.17 ]
612941 CAMK2A; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04515 ] [EC:2.7.11.17 ]
482687 CAMK2B; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit beta isoform X1 [KO:K04515 ] [EC:2.7.11.17 ]
490967 STAT3; signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 isoform X1 [KO:K04692 ]
486185 TWIST2; twist-related protein 2 isoform X2 [KO:K09069 ]
610255 IGF1; insulin-like growth factor I precursor [KO:K05459 ]
477600 EIF4B; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4B isoform X1 [KO:K03258 ]
488146 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: 40S ribosomal protein S6-like [KO:K02991 ]
608772 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: 40S ribosomal protein S6-like isoform X4 [KO:K02991 ]
474890 CDKN1A; cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1 [KO:K06625 ]
403998 TGFB1; transforming growth factor beta-1 proprotein isoform X1 [KO:K13375 ]
403976 IL12B; interleukin-12 subunit beta precursor [KO:K05425 ]
490029 TFAP4; transcription factor AP-4 isoform X2 [KO:K09108 ]
403802 VEGFA; vascular endothelial growth factor A isoform 1 precursor [KO:K05448 ]
481289 TIMP3; metalloproteinase inhibitor 3 precursor [KO:K16866 ]
442968 FASLG; tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 6 [KO:K04389 ]
486469 FAS; tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 6 isoform X2 [KO:K04390 ]
488596 TGFB2; transforming growth factor beta-2 proprotein isoform X3 [KO:K13376 ]
480144 SMAD2; mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 2 isoform X1 [KO:K04500 ]
486831 HPSE2; inactive heparanase-2 isoform X5 [KO:K07965 ] [EC:3.2.1.-]
476446 PLAUR; urokinase plasminogen activator surface receptor isoform X1 [KO:K03985 ]
403651 COL1A1; collagen alpha-1(I) chain precursor [KO:K06236 ]
403824 COL1A2; collagen alpha-2(I) chain precursor [KO:K06236 ]
403857 FGF2; fibroblast growth factor 2 isoform X5 [KO:K18497 ]
474444 FRS2; fibroblast growth factor receptor substrate 2 isoform X1 [KO:K12461 ]
477488 PTPN11; tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 11 isoform X1 [KO:K07293 ] [EC:3.1.3.48 ]
490682 SOS2; son of sevenless homolog 2 isoform X1 [KO:K03099 ]
485874 PLCG1; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase gamma-1 isoform X1 [KO:K01116 ] [EC:3.1.4.11 ]
489692 PLCG2; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase gamma-2 [KO:K05859 ] [EC:3.1.4.11 ]
607007 HBEGF; proheparin-binding EGF-like growth factor isoform X1 [KO:K08523 ]
483664 IGF2; insulin-like growth factor II isoform b precursor [KO:K13769 ]
484137 PTCH1; protein patched homolog 1 isoform X1 [KO:K06225 ]
403440 HSPG2; basement membrane-specific heparan sulfate proteoglycan core protein isoform X1 [KO:K06255 ]
479975 PRKACB; cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform X2 [KO:K04345 ] [EC:2.7.11.11 ]
Compound
G13063 Binding domain for FGF2 in heparin/heparan sulfate
G13064 Binding domain for HGF in heparin/heparan sulfate
Reference
Authors
Bourguignon LY
Title
Hyaluronan-mediated CD44 activation of RhoGTPase signaling and cytoskeleton function promotes tumor progression.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Briggs MW, Sacks DB
Title
IQGAP1 as signal integrator: Ca2+, calmodulin, Cdc42 and the cytoskeleton.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Bourguignon LY, Singleton PA, Zhu H, Diedrich F
Title
Hyaluronan-mediated CD44 interaction with RhoGEF and Rho kinase promotes Grb2-associated binder-1 phosphorylation and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling leading to cytokine (macrophage-colony stimulating factor) production and breast tumor progression.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Bourguignon LY, Gilad E, Rothman K, Peyrollier K
Title
Hyaluronan-CD44 interaction with IQGAP1 promotes Cdc42 and ERK signaling, leading to actin binding, Elk-1/estrogen receptor transcriptional activation, and ovarian cancer progression.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Turley EA, Noble PW, Bourguignon LY
Title
Signaling properties of hyaluronan receptors.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Bourguignon LY, Zhu H, Chu A, Iida N, Zhang L, Hung MC
Title
Interaction between the adhesion receptor, CD44, and the oncogene product, p185HER2, promotes human ovarian tumor cell activation.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Neill T, Schaefer L, Iozzo RV
Title
Decorin: a guardian from the matrix.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Neill T, Painter H, Buraschi S, Owens RT, Lisanti MP, Schaefer L, Iozzo RV
Title
Decorin antagonizes the angiogenic network: concurrent inhibition of Met, hypoxia inducible factor 1alpha, vascular endothelial growth factor A, and induction of thrombospondin-1 and TIMP3.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Goldoni S, Humphries A, Nystrom A, Sattar S, Owens RT, McQuillan DJ, Ireton K, Iozzo RV
Title
Decorin is a novel antagonistic ligand of the Met receptor.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Zhu JX, Goldoni S, Bix G, Owens RT, McQuillan DJ, Reed CC, Iozzo RV
Title
Decorin evokes protracted internalization and degradation of the epidermal growth factor receptor via caveolar endocytosis.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Buraschi S, Pal N, Tyler-Rubinstein N, Owens RT, Neill T, Iozzo RV
Title
Decorin antagonizes Met receptor activity and down-regulates {beta}-catenin and Myc levels.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Goldoni S, Iozzo RV
Title
Tumor microenvironment: Modulation by decorin and related molecules harboring leucine-rich tandem motifs.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Sofeu Feugaing DD, Gotte M, Viola M
Title
More than matrix: the multifaceted role of decorin in cancer.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Merline R, Moreth K, Beckmann J, Nastase MV, Zeng-Brouwers J, Tralhao JG, Lemarchand P, Pfeilschifter J, Schaefer RM, Iozzo RV, Schaefer L
Title
Signaling by the matrix proteoglycan decorin controls inflammation and cancer through PDCD4 and MicroRNA-21.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Teng YH, Aquino RS, Park PW
Title
Molecular functions of syndecan-1 in disease.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Derksen PW, Keehnen RM, Evers LM, van Oers MH, Spaargaren M, Pals ST
Title
Cell surface proteoglycan syndecan-1 mediates hepatocyte growth factor binding and promotes Met signaling in multiple myeloma.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Fux L, Ilan N, Sanderson RD, Vlodavsky I
Title
Heparanase: busy at the cell surface.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Purushothaman A, Chen L, Yang Y, Sanderson RD
Title
Heparanase stimulation of protease expression implicates it as a master regulator of the aggressive tumor phenotype in myeloma.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Beauvais DM, Ell BJ, McWhorter AR, Rapraeger AC
Title
Syndecan-1 regulates alphavbeta3 and alphavbeta5 integrin activation during angiogenesis and is blocked by synstatin, a novel peptide inhibitor.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Mahtouk K, Tjin EP, Spaargaren M, Pals ST
Title
The HGF/MET pathway as target for the treatment of multiple myeloma and B-cell lymphomas.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Munesue S, Kusano Y, Oguri K, Itano N, Yoshitomi Y, Nakanishi H, Yamashina I, Okayama M
Title
The role of syndecan-2 in regulation of actin-cytoskeletal organization of Lewis lung carcinoma-derived metastatic clones.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Nugent MA, Iozzo RV
Title
Fibroblast growth factor-2.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Baciu PC, Saoncella S, Lee SH, Denhez F, Leuthardt D, Goetinck PF
Title
Syndesmos, a protein that interacts with the cytoplasmic domain of syndecan-4, mediates cell spreading and actin cytoskeletal organization.
Journal
J Cell Sci 113 Pt 2:315-24 (2000)
Reference
Authors
Thodeti CK, Albrechtsen R, Grauslund M, Asmar M, Larsson C, Takada Y, Mercurio AM, Couchman JR, Wewer UM
Title
ADAM12/syndecan-4 signaling promotes beta 1 integrin-dependent cell spreading through protein kinase Calpha and RhoA.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Beauvais DM, Rapraeger AC
Title
Syndecans in tumor cell adhesion and signaling.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Morgan MR, Humphries MJ, Bass MD
Title
Synergistic control of cell adhesion by integrins and syndecans.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Filmus J, Capurro M, Rast J
Title
Glypicans.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Filmus J, Capurro M
Title
Glypican-3: a marker and a therapeutic target in hepatocellular carcinoma.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Gao W, Ho M
Title
The role of glypican-3 in regulating Wnt in hepatocellular carcinomas.
Journal
Cancer Rep 1:14-19 (2011)
Reference
Authors
Filmus J, Capurro M
Title
The role of glypicans in Hedgehog signaling.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Cheng W, Tseng CJ, Lin TT, Cheng I, Pan HW, Hsu HC, Lee YM
Title
Glypican-3-mediated oncogenesis involves the Insulin-like growth factor-signaling pathway.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Iozzo RV, Sanderson RD
Title
Proteoglycans in cancer biology, tumour microenvironment and angiogenesis.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Nikitovic D, Katonis P, Tsatsakis A, Karamanos NK, Tzanakakis GN
Title
Lumican, a small leucine-rich proteoglycan.
Journal
Related pathway
cfa04810 Regulation of actin cytoskeleton
KO pathway
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