KEGG   PATHWAY: pcad05152
Entry
pcad05152                   Pathway                                
Name
Tuberculosis - Physeter catodon (sperm whale)
Description
Tuberculosis, or TB, is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. One third of the world's population is thought to be infected with TB. About 90% of those infected result in latent infections, and about 10% of latent infections develop active diseases when their immune system is impaired due to the age, other diseases such as AIDS or exposure to immunosuppressive drugs. TB is transmitted through the air and primarily attacks the lungs, then it can spread by the circulatory system to other parts of body. Once TB bacilli have entered the host by the respiratory route and infected macrophages in the lungs, they interfere with phagosomal maturation, antigen presentation, apoptosis and host immune system to establish persistent or latent infection.
Class
Human Diseases; Infectious disease: bacterial
Pathway map
pcad05152  Tuberculosis
pcad05152

Organism
Physeter catodon (sperm whale) [GN:pcad]
Gene
102983069  TNF; tumor necrosis factor [KO:K03156]
102980613  TNFRSF1A; tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 1A isoform X1 [KO:K03158]
102986061  TRADD; tumor necrosis factor receptor type 1-associated DEATH domain protein isoform X1 [KO:K03171]
102973514  FAS-associated death domain protein isoform X1 [KO:K02373]
112067437  FAS-associated death domain protein isoform X1 [KO:K02373]
102988082  CASP8; caspase-8 isoform X1 [KO:K04398] [EC:3.4.22.61]
102989304  CASP10; caspase-10 isoform X1 [KO:K04400] [EC:3.4.22.63]
102977692  CASP3; caspase-3 [KO:K02187] [EC:3.4.22.56]
102980282  cytochrome c-like [KO:K08738]
112066660  cytochrome c [KO:K08738]
112063874  cytochrome c-like [KO:K08738]
102978471  cytochrome c-like [KO:K08738]
102986675  cytochrome c-like [KO:K08738]
102977457  cytochrome c 2 [KO:K08738]
102978194  cytochrome c-like [KO:K08738]
102989458  CASP9; caspase-9 isoform X1 [KO:K04399] [EC:3.4.22.62]
102994125  APAF1; apoptotic protease-activating factor 1 isoform X1 [KO:K02084]
102981524  AKT1; RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
102976971  AKT3; RAC-gamma serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X3 [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
102990087  RAC-beta serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
102974655  BAD; bcl2-associated agonist of cell death [KO:K02158]
102987942  BCL2; apoptosis regulator Bcl-2 isoform X1 [KO:K02161]
102980540  CAMK2B; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit beta isoform X1 [KO:K04515] [EC:2.7.11.17]
102995187  CAMK2A; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit alpha [KO:K04515] [EC:2.7.11.17]
102988954  CAMK2D; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit delta isoform X25 [KO:K04515] [EC:2.7.11.17]
102994812  CAMK2G; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit gamma isoform X2 [KO:K04515] [EC:2.7.11.17]
102981551  IFNG; interferon gamma [KO:K04687]
102977921  IFNGR1; interferon gamma receptor 1 [KO:K05132]
102997040  IFNGR2; interferon gamma receptor 2 isoform X2 [KO:K05133]
102988182  JAK1; tyrosine-protein kinase JAK1 [KO:K11217] [EC:2.7.10.2]
102978811  JAK2; tyrosine-protein kinase JAK2 isoform X2 [KO:K04447] [EC:2.7.10.2]
102977655  STAT1; signal transducer and activator of transcription 1-alpha/beta isoform X1 [KO:K11220]
102993456  CIITA; MHC class II transactivator isoform X1 [KO:K08060] [EC:2.7.11.1]
102990464  RFX5; DNA-binding protein RFX5 [KO:K08061]
102981790  RFXANK; DNA-binding protein RFXANK isoform X2 [KO:K08062]
102974203  RFXAP; regulatory factor X-associated protein [KO:K08063]
102992696  NFYA; nuclear transcription factor Y subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K08064]
102989333  NFYB; nuclear transcription factor Y subunit beta isoform X1 [KO:K08065]
102993670  NFYC; nuclear transcription factor Y subunit gamma isoform X1 [KO:K08066]
102989082  CREB1; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K05870]
102994322  HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DM alpha chain isoform X1 [KO:K06752]
102973944  HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DR alpha chain [KO:K06752]
102976012  HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DQ beta 1 chain isoform X2 [KO:K06752]
102973764  DLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DR-1 beta chain-like isoform X1 [KO:K06752]
102976287  HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DQ alpha 2 chain isoform X2 [KO:K06752]
102992942  HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DO alpha chain [KO:K06752]
102974479  HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DO beta chain [KO:K06752]
102994605  HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DM beta chain [KO:K06752]
102978546  DLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DR-1 beta chain [KO:K06752]
102993966  CD74; HLA class II histocompatibility antigen gamma chain isoform X2 [KO:K06505]
114485354  CREB-binding protein [KO:K04498] [EC:2.3.1.48]
102983478  EP300; histone acetyltransferase p300 isoform X1 [KO:K04498] [EC:2.3.1.48]
102991594  CREBBP; CREB-binding protein [KO:K04498] [EC:2.3.1.48]
102973585  IL10; interleukin-10 [KO:K05443]
102975019  IL10RA; interleukin-10 receptor subunit alpha [KO:K05134]
102990305  IL10RB; interleukin-10 receptor subunit beta isoform X1 [KO:K05135]
102979785  CTSS; cathepsin S isoform X1 [KO:K01368] [EC:3.4.22.27]
102984423  CLEC4E; C-type lectin domain family 4 member E [KO:K10059]
102989924  FCER1G; high affinity immunoglobulin epsilon receptor subunit gamma [KO:K07983]
102974795  C-type lectin domain family 7 member A isoform X1 [KO:K10074]
102983882  SRC; proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase Src isoform X1 [KO:K05704] [EC:2.7.10.2]
102993186  SYK; tyrosine-protein kinase SYK [KO:K05855] [EC:2.7.10.2]
102983532  CARD9; caspase recruitment domain-containing protein 9 isoform X3 [KO:K12794]
102979605  MALT1; mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma translocation protein 1 [KO:K07369] [EC:3.4.22.-]
102993070  BCL10; B-cell lymphoma/leukemia 10 [KO:K07368]
102992305  NOD2; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 2 [KO:K10165]
102989713  RIPK2; receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 2 isoform X1 [KO:K08846] [EC:2.7.11.1]
102976338  HSPA9; stress-70 protein, mitochondrial [KO:K04043]
102975361  HSPD1; 60 kDa heat shock protein, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K04077] [EC:5.6.1.7]
102981965  LBP; lipopolysaccharide-binding protein [KO:K05399]
102976342  TLR2; toll-like receptor 2 [KO:K10159]
102982833  TLR1; toll-like receptor 1 [KO:K05398]
102979734  TLR6; toll-like receptor 6 [KO:K10169]
102983076  TLR4; toll-like receptor 4 isoform X1 [KO:K10160]
102990526  CD14; monocyte differentiation antigen CD14 [KO:K04391]
102979480  TIRAP; toll/interleukin-1 receptor domain-containing adapter protein [KO:K05403]
102974002  MYD88; myeloid differentiation primary response protein MyD88 isoform X1 [KO:K04729]
102982312  IRAK4; interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 4 isoform X1 [KO:K04733] [EC:2.7.11.1]
112062410  IRAK1; interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 1 [KO:K04730] [EC:2.7.11.1]
102996764  IRAK2; interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase-like 2 [KO:K04731] [EC:2.7.11.1]
102993207  TRAF6; TNF receptor-associated factor 6 isoform X2 [KO:K03175] [EC:2.3.2.27]
102981135  NFKB1; nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit isoform X1 [KO:K02580]
102974198  RELA; transcription factor p65 isoform X1 [KO:K04735]
102977531  MAPK12; mitogen-activated protein kinase 12 isoform X3 [KO:K04441] [EC:2.7.11.24]
102989111  MAPK14; mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 isoform X1 [KO:K04441] [EC:2.7.11.24]
102990302  MAPK13; mitogen-activated protein kinase 13 isoform X3 [KO:K04441] [EC:2.7.11.24]
102977994  MAPK11; mitogen-activated protein kinase 11 isoform X1 [KO:K04441] [EC:2.7.11.24]
102984305  MAPK1; mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
102989074  MAPK3; mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
102996353  MAPK8; mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 isoform X3 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
102977417  MAPK9; mitogen-activated protein kinase 9 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
102984741  MAPK10; mitogen-activated protein kinase 10 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
102990905  NOS2; nitric oxide synthase, inducible isoform X1 [KO:K13241] [EC:1.14.13.39]
102980126  IL6; interleukin-6 [KO:K05405]
102982335  IL12A; interleukin-12 subunit alpha [KO:K05406]
102980587  IL12B; interleukin-12 subunit beta [KO:K05425]
102976313  IL18; interleukin-18 [KO:K05482]
102981863  IL23A; interleukin-23 subunit alpha [KO:K05426]
102993910  IL1A; interleukin-1 alpha [KO:K04383]
102994188  IL1B; interleukin-1 beta [KO:K04519]
102975832  CEBPB; CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein beta [KO:K10048]
102980349  CEBPG; CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein gamma isoform X3 [KO:K10049]
102979856  toll-like receptor 9 isoform X3 [KO:K10161]
112065747  interferon alpha-1-like [KO:K05414]
102980314  interferon alpha-1-like [KO:K05414]
102990155  IFNB1; interferon beta [KO:K05415]
102993603  CD209; CD209 antigen [KO:K06563]
102996900  ARHGEF12; rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor 12 isoform X1 [KO:K07532]
102983639  RHOA; transforming protein RhoA [KO:K04513]
102975821  LSP1; lymphocyte-specific protein 1 isoform X9 [KO:K14957]
102990542  PLK3; serine/threonine-protein kinase PLK3 [KO:K08862] [EC:2.7.11.21]
102989994  KSR1; kinase suppressor of Ras 1 [KO:K14958]
102987866  RAF1; RAF proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X2 [KO:K04366] [EC:2.7.11.1]
102975643  TGFB1; transforming growth factor beta-1 proprotein isoform X1 [KO:K13375]
102993033  TGFB2; transforming growth factor beta-2 proprotein isoform X1 [KO:K13376]
102977345  TGFB3; transforming growth factor beta-3 proprotein [KO:K13377]
102984886  25-hydroxyvitamin D-1 alpha hydroxylase, mitochondrial [KO:K07438] [EC:1.14.15.18]
102985024  vitamin D3 receptor [KO:K08539]
102992994  cathelicidin-5-like [KO:K13916]
102973809  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: cathelicidin-1-like [KO:K13916]
112064927  antibacterial protein PR-39-like [KO:K13916]
102993821  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: uncharacterized protein LOC102993821 [KO:K13916]
102973523  protegrin-5-like [KO:K13916]
102979432  C3; complement C3 [KO:K03990]
102981675  ITGAX; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: integrin alpha-X [KO:K06462]
102983789  ITGB2; integrin beta-2 [KO:K06464]
102987095  integrin alpha-M [KO:K06461]
102991432  MRC2; C-type mannose receptor 2 [KO:K06560]
102991923  PLA2R1; secretory phospholipase A2 receptor isoform X1 [KO:K06560]
102988621  MRC1; macrophage mannose receptor 1 [KO:K06560]
102982912  SPHK1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: sphingosine kinase 1 [KO:K04718] [EC:2.7.1.91]
102994529  SPHK2; sphingosine kinase 2 isoform X1 [KO:K04718] [EC:2.7.1.91]
102976671  CALM1; calmodulin-1 [KO:K02183]
102988232  calmodulin-alpha [KO:K02183]
102996886  calmodulin-1-like [KO:K02183]
102993731  CALML4; calmodulin-like protein 4 isoform X1 [KO:K02183]
102988309  CALM3; calmodulin-3 [KO:K02183]
102977506  uncharacterized protein LOC102977506 [KO:K02183]
129392645  neo-calmodulin-like [KO:K02183]
102975170  PIK3C3; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase catalytic subunit type 3 isoform X1 [KO:K00914] [EC:2.7.1.137]
102984481  RAB5A; ras-related protein Rab-5A isoform X1 [KO:K07887]
102973277  RAB5B; ras-related protein Rab-5B [KO:K07888]
102984866  RAB5C; ras-related protein Rab-5C [KO:K07889]
102983124  EEA1; early endosome antigen 1 isoform X1 [KO:K12478]
102976905  RAB7A; ras-related protein Rab-7a [KO:K07897]
102977235  CTSD; cathepsin D [KO:K01379] [EC:3.4.23.5]
102976000  ATP6V0A1; V-type proton ATPase 116 kDa subunit a 1 isoform X1 [KO:K02154]
102975289  ATP6V0A4; V-type proton ATPase 116 kDa subunit a 4 [KO:K02154]
102979493  TCIRG1; V-type proton ATPase 116 kDa subunit a 3 [KO:K02154]
102986918  ATP6V0A2; V-type proton ATPase 116 kDa subunit a 2 isoform X3 [KO:K02154]
102991473  ATP6V0D1; V-type proton ATPase subunit d 1 isoform X1 [KO:K02146]
102980876  ATP6V0D2; V-type proton ATPase subunit d 2 [KO:K02146]
102981449  ATP6V1H; V-type proton ATPase subunit H isoform X1 [KO:K02144]
102978040  ATP6AP1; V-type proton ATPase subunit S1 [KO:K03662]
102978613  ATP6V0C; V-type proton ATPase 16 kDa proteolipid subunit c [KO:K02155]
102991400  ATP6V0B; V-type proton ATPase 21 kDa proteolipid subunit c'' isoform X1 [KO:K03661]
102985837  V-type proton ATPase 21 kDa proteolipid subunit c''-like [KO:K03661]
102988275  LAMP2; lysosome-associated membrane glycoprotein 2 isoform X2 [KO:K06528]
102977382  LAMP1; lysosome-associated membrane glycoprotein 1 [KO:K06528]
102994784  PPP3CA; protein phosphatase 3 catalytic subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04348] [EC:3.1.3.16]
102973173  PPP3CC; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2B catalytic subunit gamma isoform isoform X2 [KO:K04348] [EC:3.1.3.16]
102990815  PPP3CB; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2B catalytic subunit beta isoform isoform X8 [KO:K04348] [EC:3.1.3.16]
112065477  PPP3R2; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: calcineurin subunit B type 2 [KO:K06268]
112067521  PPP3R1; calcineurin subunit B type 1 [KO:K06268]
102984093  CORO1A; coronin-1A [KO:K13882]
112062432  low affinity immunoglobulin gamma Fc region receptor II-like [KO:K06472]
102983864  low affinity immunoglobulin gamma Fc region receptor II isoform X1 [KO:K12560]
102990877  low affinity immunoglobulin gamma Fc region receptor III-A isoform X1 [KO:K06463]
Compound
C00076  Calcium cation
C00338  Lipopolysaccharide
C01194  1-Phosphatidyl-D-myo-inositol
C01561  Calcidiol
C01673  Calcitriol
C04549  1-Phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3-phosphate
C06124  Sphingosine 1-phosphate
C19190  Trehalose-6,6'-dibehenate
C21790  Mycobacterial trehalose dimycolate
G13101  Lipomannan
G13105  Triacylated phosphatidyl-myo-inositol pentamannoside
G13106  Triacylated phosphatidyl-myo-inositol hexamannoside
G13108  Triacylated phosphatidyl-myo-inositol dimannoside
G13109  Tetraacylated phosphatidyl-myo-inositol dimannoside
G13112  Tetraacylated phosphatidyl-myo-inositol hexamannoside
G13113  Tetraacylated phosphatidyl-myo-inositol pentamannoside
G13114  Lipoarabinomannan
G13115  Mannose-capped lipoarabinomannan
Reference
PMID:21274449
  Authors
Saiga H, Shimada Y, Takeda K
  Title
Innate immune effectors in mycobacterial infection.
  Journal
Clin Dev Immunol 2011:347594 (2011)
DOI:10.1155/2011/347594
Reference
PMID:20415982
  Authors
Dheda K, Schwander SK, Zhu B, van Zyl-Smit RN, Zhang Y
  Title
The immunology of tuberculosis: from bench to bedside.
  Journal
Respirology 15:433-50 (2010)
DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1843.2010.01739.x
Reference
PMID:11932234
  Authors
van Crevel R, Ottenhoff TH, van der Meer JW
  Title
Innate immunity to Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
  Journal
Clin Microbiol Rev 15:294-309 (2002)
DOI:10.1128/CMR.15.2.294-309.2002
Reference
PMID:18288961
  Authors
Torrelles JB, Azad AK, Henning LN, Carlson TK, Schlesinger LS
  Title
Role of C-type lectins in mycobacterial infections.
  Journal
Curr Drug Targets 9:102-12 (2008)
DOI:10.2174/138945008783502467
Reference
PMID:17359235
  Authors
Jo EK, Yang CS, Choi CH, Harding CV
  Title
Intracellular signalling cascades regulating innate immune responses to Mycobacteria: branching out from Toll-like receptors.
  Journal
Cell Microbiol 9:1087-98 (2007)
DOI:10.1111/j.1462-5822.2007.00914.x
Reference
PMID:21274433
  Authors
Marakalala MJ, Graham LM, Brown GD
  Title
The role of Syk/CARD9-coupled C-type lectin receptors in immunity to Mycobacterium tuberculosis infections.
  Journal
Clin Dev Immunol 2010:567571 (2010)
DOI:10.1155/2010/567571
Reference
PMID:15083155
  Authors
Koul A, Herget T, Klebl B, Ullrich A
  Title
Interplay between mycobacteria and host signalling pathways.
  Journal
Nat Rev Microbiol 2:189-202 (2004)
DOI:10.1038/nrmicro840
Reference
PMID:20199890
  Authors
Torrelles JB, Schlesinger LS
  Title
Diversity in Mycobacterium tuberculosis mannosylated cell wall determinants impacts adaptation to the host.
  Journal
Tuberculosis (Edinb) 90:84-93 (2010)
DOI:10.1016/j.tube.2010.02.003
Reference
PMID:15228522
  Authors
Briken V, Porcelli SA, Besra GS, Kremer L
  Title
Mycobacterial lipoarabinomannan and related lipoglycans: from biogenesis to modulation of the immune response.
  Journal
Mol Microbiol 53:391-403 (2004)
DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2958.2004.04183.x
Reference
PMID:19563525
  Authors
Baena A, Porcelli SA
  Title
Evasion and subversion of antigen presentation by Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
  Journal
Tissue Antigens 74:189-204 (2009)
DOI:10.1111/j.1399-0039.2009.01301.x
Reference
PMID:19369951
  Authors
Flannagan RS, Cosio G, Grinstein S
  Title
Antimicrobial mechanisms of phagocytes and bacterial evasion strategies.
  Journal
Nat Rev Microbiol 7:355-66 (2009)
DOI:10.1038/nrmicro2128
Reference
PMID:18541216
  Authors
Pieters J
  Title
Mycobacterium tuberculosis and the macrophage: maintaining a balance.
  Journal
Cell Host Microbe 3:399-407 (2008)
DOI:10.1016/j.chom.2008.05.006
Reference
PMID:19634703
  Authors
Scherr N, Jayachandran R, Mueller P, Pieters J
  Title
Interference of Mycobacterium tuberculosis with macrophage responses.
  Journal
Indian J Exp Biol 47:401-6 (2009)
Reference
PMID:16200082
  Authors
Reith W, LeibundGut-Landmann S, Waldburger JM.
  Title
Regulation of MHC class II gene expression by the class II transactivator.
  Journal
Nat Rev Immunol 5:793-806 (2005)
DOI:10.1038/nri1708
Reference
PMID:17785780
  Authors
Rothfuchs AG, Bafica A, Feng CG, Egen JG, Williams DL, Brown GD, Sher A
  Title
Dectin-1 interaction with Mycobacterium tuberculosis leads to enhanced IL-12p40 production by splenic dendritic cells.
  Journal
J Immunol 179:3463-71 (2007)
DOI:10.4049/jimmunol.179.6.3463
Reference
PMID:18407066
  Authors
Master SS, Rampini SK, Davis AS, Keller C, Ehlers S, Springer B, Timmins GS, Sander P, Deretic V
  Title
Mycobacterium tuberculosis prevents inflammasome activation.
  Journal
Cell Host Microbe 3:224-32 (2008)
DOI:10.1016/j.chom.2008.03.003
Reference
PMID:11378475
  Authors
Shtrichman R, Samuel CE
  Title
The role of gamma interferon in antimicrobial immunity.
  Journal
Curr Opin Microbiol 4:251-9 (2001)
DOI:10.1016/S1369-5274(00)00199-5
Related
pathway
pcad04010  MAPK signaling pathway
pcad04210  Apoptosis
pcad04612  Antigen processing and presentation
pcad04620  Toll-like receptor signaling pathway
pcad04621  NOD-like receptor signaling pathway
pcad04630  JAK-STAT signaling pathway
KO pathway
ko05152   
LinkDB

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