Entry
Name
Calcium signaling pathway - Salmo trutta (river trout)
Description
Ca2+ that enters the cell from the outside is a principal source of signal Ca2+. Entry of Ca2+ is driven by the presence of a large electrochemical gradient across the plasma membrane. Cells use this external source of signal Ca2+ by activating various entry channels with widely different properties. The voltage-operated channels (VOCs) are found in excitable cells and generate the rapid Ca2+ fluxes that control fast cellular processes. There are many other Ca2+-entry channels, such as the receptor-operated channels (ROCs), for example the NMDA (N-methyl-D-aspartate) receptors (NMDARs) that respond to glutamate. There also are second-messenger-operated channels (SMOCs) and store-operated channels (SOCs).
The other principal source of Ca2+ for signalling is the internal stores that are located primarily in the endoplasmic/sarcoplasmic reticulum (ER/SR), in which inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors (IP3Rs) or ryanodine receptors (RYRs) regulate the release of Ca2+. The principal activator of these channels is Ca2+ itself and this process of Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release is central to the mechanism of Ca2+ signalling. Various second messengers or modulators also control the release of Ca2+. IP3, which is generated by pathways using different isoforms of phospholipase C (PLCbeta, delta, epsilon, gamma and zeta), regulates the IP3Rs. Cyclic ADP-ribose (cADPR) releases Ca2+ via RYRs. Nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAADP) may activate a distinct Ca2+ release mechanism on separate acidic Ca2+ stores. Ca2+ release via the NAADP-sensitive mechanism may also feedback onto either RYRs or IP3Rs. cADPR and NAADP are generated by CD38. This enzyme might be sensitive to the cellular metabolism, as ATP and NADH inhibit it.
The influx of Ca2+ from the environment or release from internal stores causes a very rapid and dramatic increase in cytoplasmic calcium concentration, which has been widely exploited for signal transduction. Some proteins, such as troponin C (TnC) involved in muscle contraction, directly bind to and sense Ca2+. However, in other cases Ca2+ is sensed through intermediate calcium sensors such as calmodulin (CALM).
Class
Environmental Information Processing; Signal transduction
BRITE hierarchy
Pathway map
Ortholog table
Other DBs
Organism
Salmo trutta (river trout) [GN:
stru ]
Gene
115168329 gnas; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(s) subunit alpha [KO:K04632 ]
115166205 guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(s) subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04632 ]
115170218 guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(olf) subunit alpha-like [KO:K04633 ]
115150015 guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(olf) subunit alpha-like isoform X1 [KO:K04633 ]
115195582 guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(olf) subunit alpha-like isoform X1 [KO:K04633 ]
115159415 orai1; calcium release-activated calcium channel protein 1 [KO:K16056 ]
115164624 calcium release-activated calcium channel protein 1-like [KO:K16056 ]
115149173 calcium release-activated calcium channel protein 1-like [KO:K16056 ]
115200015 calcium release-activated calcium channel protein 1-like isoform X1 [KO:K16056 ]
115168317 voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1D-like isoform X1 [KO:K04851 ]
115166217 voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1D-like isoform X1 [KO:K04851 ]
115208210 voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1D-like isoform X1 [KO:K04851 ]
115168069 voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1D-like [KO:K04853 ]
115166484 voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1D-like [KO:K04853 ]
115167827 dihydropyridine-sensitive L-type skeletal muscle calcium channel subunit alpha-1-like isoform X1 [KO:K04857 ]
115150281 dihydropyridine-sensitive L-type skeletal muscle calcium channel subunit alpha-1-like [KO:K04857 ]
115208150 dihydropyridine-sensitive L-type skeletal muscle calcium channel subunit alpha-1-like [KO:K04857 ]
115191199 voltage-dependent P/Q-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1A-like [KO:K04344 ]
115170706 voltage-dependent P/Q-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1A-like [KO:K04344 ]
115196908 voltage-dependent P/Q-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1A-like [KO:K04344 ]
115164721 voltage-dependent N-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1B-like isoform X1 [KO:K04849 ]
115159666 voltage-dependent N-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1B-like [KO:K04849 ]
115203982 voltage-dependent N-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1B-like isoform X1 [KO:K04849 ]
115199912 voltage-dependent N-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1B-like [KO:K04849 ]
115192489 voltage-dependent R-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1E-like isoform X1 [KO:K04852 ]
115169613 voltage-dependent R-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1E-like [KO:K04852 ]
115158399 probable voltage-dependent R-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1E isoform X1 [KO:K04852 ]
115157164 voltage-dependent R-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1E-like isoform X1 [KO:K04852 ]
115163176 voltage-dependent T-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1G-like [KO:K04854 ]
115201237 cacna1g; voltage-dependent T-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1G isoform X1 [KO:K04854 ]
115186229 voltage-dependent T-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1H-like [KO:K04855 ]
115170710 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: voltage-dependent T-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1I-like [KO:K04856 ]
115147878 voltage-dependent T-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1I-like [KO:K04856 ]
115205003 voltage-dependent T-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1I-like [KO:K04856 ]
115191635 neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-7-like isoform X1 [KO:K04809 ]
115177205 neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-7-like isoform X1 [KO:K04809 ]
115177267 neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-7-like isoform X1 [KO:K04809 ]
115172121 neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-7-like isoform X1 [KO:K04809 ]
115166808 neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-7-like isoform X1 [KO:K04809 ]
115173282 neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-7-like isoform X1 [KO:K04809 ]
115202480 neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-7-like isoform X1 [KO:K04809 ]
115159511 glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1-like isoform X1 [KO:K05208 ]
115167675 glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1-like isoform X1 [KO:K05208 ]
115178076 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2B-like [KO:K05210 ]
115147307 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2B-like [KO:K05210 ]
115171425 glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2C-like isoform X1 [KO:K05211 ]
115202479 glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2C-like isoform X1 [KO:K05211 ]
115152811 lutropin-choriogonadotropic hormone receptor-like isoform X1 [KO:K04248 ]
115201534 lutropin-choriogonadotropic hormone receptor-like isoform X1 [KO:K04248 ]
115178314 prostaglandin E2 receptor EP1 subtype-like isoform X1 [KO:K04258 ]
115201261 prostaglandin E2 receptor EP1 subtype-like isoform X1 [KO:K04258 ]
115164831 guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(q) subunit alpha [KO:K04634 ]
115159209 guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(q) subunit alpha-like [KO:K04634 ]
115149346 guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(q) subunit alpha-like [KO:K04634 ]
115199825 guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(q) subunit alpha-like [KO:K04634 ]
115192595 guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit alpha-11-like isoform X1 [KO:K04635 ]
115158280 guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit alpha-11 isoform X1 [KO:K04635 ]
115179716 guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit alpha-11-like isoform X1 [KO:K04635 ]
115196175 guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit alpha-11-like isoform X1 [KO:K04635 ]
115164830 guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit alpha-14-like [KO:K04636 ]
115199826 guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit alpha-14-like [KO:K04636 ]
115192594 guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit alpha-11-like [KO:K04637 ]
115158284 guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit alpha-11-like isoform X1 [KO:K04637 ]
115177744 putative uncharacterized protein DDB_G0291608 isoform X1 [KO:K17386 ]
115191647 vascular endothelial growth factor A-A-like isoform X1 [KO:K05448 ]
115174690 vascular endothelial growth factor A-A-like isoform X1 [KO:K05448 ]
115175507 vascular endothelial growth factor A-A-like isoform X1 [KO:K05448 ]
115165195 glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor-like isoform X1 [KO:K05452 ]
115157572 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase delta-1-like isoform X1 [KO:K05857 ] [EC:3.1.4.11 ]
115161823 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase delta-3-A-like isoform X1 [KO:K05857 ] [EC:3.1.4.11 ]
115183969 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase delta-1-like isoform X1 [KO:K05857 ] [EC:3.1.4.11 ]
115195303 plcd1; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase delta-1 isoform X1 [KO:K05857 ] [EC:3.1.4.11 ]
115195986 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase delta-4-like isoform X1 [KO:K05857 ] [EC:3.1.4.11 ]
115184997 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-3-like isoform X1 [KO:K05858 ] [EC:3.1.4.11 ]
115174482 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-1-like isoform X1 [KO:K05858 ] [EC:3.1.4.11 ]
115174483 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-4-like isoform X1 [KO:K05858 ] [EC:3.1.4.11 ]
115172491 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-1-like isoform X1 [KO:K05858 ] [EC:3.1.4.11 ]
115172765 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-4-like isoform X1 [KO:K05858 ] [EC:3.1.4.11 ]
115198619 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-3-like isoform X1 [KO:K05858 ] [EC:3.1.4.11 ]
115168907 plcg1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase gamma-1 [KO:K01116 ] [EC:3.1.4.11 ]
115193594 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase epsilon-1-like isoform X1 [KO:K05860 ] [EC:3.1.4.11 ]
115157344 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase epsilon-1-like isoform X1 [KO:K05860 ] [EC:3.1.4.11 ]
115201144 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase epsilon-1-like isoform X1 [KO:K05860 ] [EC:3.1.4.11 ]
115150503 inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1-like isoform X1 [KO:K04958 ]
115150859 inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1-like isoform X1 [KO:K04958 ]
115207563 inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1-like isoform X1 [KO:K04958 ]
115207911 inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04958 ]
115152168 inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 2-like isoform X1 [KO:K04959 ]
115197365 inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 2-like isoform X1 [KO:K04959 ]
115168596 inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 3-like isoform X1 [KO:K04960 ]
115148557 voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 1-like isoform X1 [KO:K05862 ]
115193589 voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 2-like [KO:K15040 ]
115153358 voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 2-like [KO:K15040 ]
115153538 voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 2-like [KO:K15040 ]
115159273 voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 2-like isoform X1 [KO:K15041 ]
115164352 voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 2-like isoform X1 [KO:K15041 ]
115149285 voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 2-like isoform X1 [KO:K15041 ]
115150950 calml6; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: calmodulin-like protein 6 [KO:K02183 ]
115206297 phosphorylase b kinase gamma catalytic chain, skeletal muscle/heart isoform-like isoform X1 [KO:K00871 ] [EC:2.7.11.19 ]
115188775 phosphorylase b kinase regulatory subunit alpha, liver isoform-like isoform X1 [KO:K07190 ]
115167420 phosphorylase b kinase regulatory subunit beta-like isoform X1 [KO:K07190 ]
115194651 phosphorylase b kinase regulatory subunit alpha, skeletal muscle isoform-like isoform X1 [KO:K07190 ]
115202915 phosphorylase b kinase regulatory subunit beta-like isoform X1 [KO:K07190 ]
115169125 serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2B catalytic subunit alpha isoform-like isoform X1 [KO:K04348 ] [EC:3.1.3.16 ]
115154819 serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2B catalytic subunit alpha isoform-like isoform X1 [KO:K04348 ] [EC:3.1.3.16 ]
115159283 serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2B catalytic subunit gamma isoform-like isoform X1 [KO:K04348 ] [EC:3.1.3.16 ]
115164273 serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2B catalytic subunit gamma isoform-like isoform X1 [KO:K04348 ] [EC:3.1.3.16 ]
115149273 serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2B catalytic subunit gamma isoform-like isoform X1 [KO:K04348 ] [EC:3.1.3.16 ]
115194217 ppp3ca; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2B catalytic subunit alpha isoform isoform X1 [KO:K04348 ] [EC:3.1.3.16 ]
115204432 serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2B catalytic subunit alpha isoform-like isoform X1 [KO:K04348 ] [EC:3.1.3.16 ]
115198233 serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2B catalytic subunit alpha isoform isoform X1 [KO:K04348 ] [EC:3.1.3.16 ]
115205560 serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2B catalytic subunit alpha isoform-like isoform X1 [KO:K04348 ] [EC:3.1.3.16 ]
115200380 serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2B catalytic subunit gamma isoform-like isoform X1 [KO:K04348 ] [EC:3.1.3.16 ]
115176114 nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 1-like [KO:K04446 ]
115176121 nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 1-like isoform X1 [KO:K04446 ]
115177327 nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 1-like isoform X1 [KO:K04446 ]
115173373 nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 1-like [KO:K04446 ]
115167938 nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 2-like isoform X1 [KO:K17332 ]
115165591 nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 2-like isoform X1 [KO:K17332 ]
115150081 nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 2-like isoform X1 [KO:K17332 ]
115152297 nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 3-like [KO:K17333 ]
115203318 nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 3-like isoform X1 [KO:K17333 ]
115197507 nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 3-like [KO:K17333 ]
115169508 nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 4-like isoform X1 [KO:K17334 ]
115157289 nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 4-like [KO:K17334 ]
115153346 pde1c; calcium/calmodulin-dependent 3',5'-cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase 1C isoform X1 [KO:K13755 ] [EC:3.1.4.17 ]
115155665 calcium/calmodulin-dependent 3',5'-cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase 1A-like isoform X1 [KO:K13755 ] [EC:3.1.4.17 ]
115161006 calcium/calmodulin-dependent 3',5'-cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase 1A-like isoform X1 [KO:K13755 ] [EC:3.1.4.17 ]
Compound
C01245 D-myo-Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate
C06124 Sphingosine 1-phosphate
C11556 1-Phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3,5-bisphosphate
C13051 Nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate
Reference
Authors
Berridge MJ, Bootman MD, Roderick HL.
Title
Calcium signalling: dynamics, homeostasis and remodelling.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Berridge MJ, Lipp P, Bootman MD.
Title
The versatility and universality of calcium signalling.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Wang MC, Dolphin A, Kitmitto A.
Title
L-type voltage-gated calcium channels: understanding function through structure.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Ferrier GR, Howlett SE.
Title
Cardiac excitation-contraction coupling: role of membrane potential in regulation of contraction.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Keef KD, Hume JR, Zhong J.
Title
Regulation of cardiac and smooth muscle Ca(2+) channels (Ca(V)1.2a,b) by protein kinases.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Hell JW, Appleyard SM, Yokoyama CT, Warner C, Catterall WA.
Title
Differential phosphorylation of two size forms of the N-type calcium channel alpha 1 subunit which have different COOH termini.
Journal
J Biol Chem 269:7390-6 (1994)
Reference
Authors
Yunker AM.
Title
Modulation and pharmacology of low voltage-activated ("T-Type") calcium channels.
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Reference
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Yakel JL.
Title
Calcineurin regulation of synaptic function: from ion channels to transmitter release and gene transcription.
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Title
A working model of CaM kinase II activity in hippocampal long-term potentiation and memory.
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Title
Ras-dependent mitogen-activated protein kinase activation by G protein-coupled receptors. Convergence of Gi- and Gq-mediated pathways on calcium/calmodulin, Pyk2, and Src kinase.
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Reference
Authors
Furuichi T, Mikoshiba K.
Title
Inositol 1, 4, 5-trisphosphate receptor-mediated Ca2+ signaling in the brain.
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Reference
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Title
Crosstalk between cAMP and Ca2+ signaling in non-excitable cells.
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Reference
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Title
Structures and activities of cyclic ADP-ribose, NAADP and their metabolic enzymes.
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Crompton M.
Title
Mitochondrial intermembrane junctional complexes and their role in cell death.
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Title
Extracellular-signal-regulated kinase signalling in neurons.
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Title
Protein kinase Calpha (PKCalpha) acts upstream of PKCtheta to activate IkappaB kinase and NF-kappaB in T lymphocytes.
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Reference
Authors
Hutchins JR, Dikovskaya D, Clarke PR.
Title
Regulation of Cdc2/cyclin B activation in Xenopus egg extracts via inhibitory phosphorylation of Cdc25C phosphatase by Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein [corrected] kinase II.
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Reference
Authors
Tornquist K
Title
Sphingosine 1-phosphate, sphingosine kinase and autocrine calcium signalling in thyroid cells.
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Reference
Authors
Feske S
Title
Immunodeficiency due to defects in store-operated calcium entry.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Giachini FR, Lima VV, Hannan JL, Carneiro FS, Webb RC, Tostes RC
Title
STIM1/Orai1-mediated store-operated Ca2+ entry: the tip of the iceberg.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Baba Y, Kurosaki T
Title
[Regulation of store-operated calcium entry by STIM1].
Journal
Seikagaku 80:1123-8 (2008)
Reference
Authors
Galione A, Evans AM, Ma J, Parrington J, Arredouani A, Cheng X, Zhu MX
Title
The acid test: the discovery of two-pore channels (TPCs) as NAADP-gated endolysosomal Ca(2+) release channels.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Beard NA, Wei L, Dulhunty AF
Title
Ca(2+) signaling in striated muscle: the elusive roles of triadin, junctin, and calsequestrin.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Marty I
Title
Triadin regulation of the ryanodine receptor complex.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Arvanitis DA, Vafiadaki E, Sanoudou D, Kranias EG
Title
Histidine-rich calcium binding protein: the new regulator of sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium cycling.
Journal
Related pathway
stru04070 Phosphatidylinositol signaling system
KO pathway
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