Entry
Name
Ras signaling pathway - Ictidomys tridecemlineatus (thirteen-lined ground squirrel)
Description
The Ras proteins are GTPases that function as molecular switches for signaling pathways regulating cell proliferation, survival, growth, migration, differentiation or cytoskeletal dynamism. Ras proteins transduce signals from extracellular growth factors by cycling between inactive GDP-bound and active GTP-bound states. The exchange of GTP for GDP on RAS is regulated by guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) and GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs). Activated RAS (RAS-GTP) regulates multiple cellular functions through effectors including Raf, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and Ral guanine nucleotide-dissociation stimulator (RALGDS).
Class
Environmental Information Processing; Signal transduction
BRITE hierarchy
Pathway map
Other DBs
Organism
Ictidomys tridecemlineatus (thirteen-lined ground squirrel) [GN:
iti ]
Gene
101954409 Rgl2; ral guanine nucleotide dissociation stimulator-like 2 isoform X2 [KO:K17636 ]
101954676 Rasgrf2; ras-specific guanine nucleotide-releasing factor 2 isoform X1 [KO:K12326 ]
101954934 Grin2b; glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2B isoform X1 [KO:K05210 ]
101955938 Rasal2; ras GTPase-activating protein nGAP isoform X2 [KO:K17633 ]
101956319 Gnb3; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-3 [KO:K07825 ]
101956398 Gng14; putative guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-14 [KO:K04347 ]
101958304 Ralgapb; ral GTPase-activating protein subunit beta isoform X6 [KO:K25769 ]
101959100 Cdc42; cell division control protein 42 homolog isoform X2 [KO:K04393 ]
101960134 Flt3lg; fms-related tyrosine kinase 3 ligand isoform X3 [KO:K05454 ]
101960598 Bad; bcl2-associated agonist of cell death isoform X2 [KO:K02158 ]
101960769 Tiam1; T-lymphoma invasion and metastasis-inducing protein 1 [KO:K05731 ]
101961338 Lat; linker for activation of T-cells family member 1 [KO:K07362 ]
101962360 Pik3r1; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K02649 ]
101962695 Gng7; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-7 [KO:K04543 ]
101962777 Gng3; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-3 [KO:K04540 ]
101962937 Ralgapa2; ral GTPase-activating protein subunit alpha-2 [KO:K25768 ]
101963358 Rasgrf1; ras-specific guanine nucleotide-releasing factor 1 [KO:K04349 ]
101963674 Gng4; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-4 [KO:K04541 ]
101963760 Gnb5; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit beta-5 [KO:K04539 ]
101963872 Pdgfa; platelet-derived growth factor subunit A isoform X2 [KO:K04359 ]
101964684 Pik3r2; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit beta [KO:K02649 ]
101964718 Rgl1; ral guanine nucleotide dissociation stimulator-like 1 isoform X2 [KO:K17635 ]
101964861 Rasa4b; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: ras GTPase-activating protein 4B [KO:K17630 ]
101964927 Ralgds; ral guanine nucleotide dissociation stimulator [KO:K08732 ]
101965108 Faslg; tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 6 [KO:K04389 ]
101965569 Gng5; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-5 [KO:K04542 ]
101966092 Gng11; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-11 [KO:K04546 ]
101966388 Gngt1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(T) subunit gamma-T1 isoform X1 [KO:K04548 ]
101966977 Ngfr; tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 16 [KO:K02583 ]
101967372 Ralgapa1; ral GTPase-activating protein subunit alpha-1 isoform X4 [KO:K25768 ]
101968522 Gng2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-2 [KO:K07826 ]
101969446 Gngt2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-T2 [KO:K04549 ]
101970750 Pik3cb; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform [KO:K00922 ] [EC:2.7.1.153 ]
101970818 Gng13; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-13 [KO:K04547 ]
101972573 Nfkb1; nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit isoform X2 [KO:K02580 ]
101972729 Gnb1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-1 [KO:K04536 ]
101972903 Pik3r3; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit gamma [KO:K02649 ]
101975134 Gnb4; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit beta-4 isoform X1 [KO:K04538 ]
101975241 Gng12; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-12 [KO:K04347 ]
101975344 Plce1; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase epsilon-1 isoform X4 [KO:K05860 ] [EC:3.1.4.11 ]
101976353 Pik3ca; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K00922 ] [EC:2.7.1.153 ]
101976382 Grin1; glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1 isoform X4 [KO:K05208 ]
101976595 Syngap1; ras/Rap GTPase-activating protein SynGAP isoform X7 [KO:K17631 ]
101976632 Rassf1; ras association domain-containing protein 1 isoform X2 [KO:K09850 ]
101977192 Rassf5; ras association domain-containing protein 5 isoform X2 [KO:K08015 ]
101977233 Vegfa; vascular endothelial growth factor A isoform X1 [KO:K05448 ]
101978230 Pik3cd; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K00922 ] [EC:2.7.1.153 ]
101978298 Gnb2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-2 [KO:K04537 ]
106145241 Gng8; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-8 isoform X2 [KO:K04544 ]
Compound
C01245 D-myo-Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate
C05981 Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate
Reference
Authors
Karnoub AE, Weinberg RA
Title
Ras oncogenes: split personalities.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Malumbres M, Barbacid M
Title
RAS oncogenes: the first 30 years.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Cox AD, Der CJ
Title
Ras history: The saga continues.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Cox AD, Der CJ
Title
Ras family signaling: therapeutic targeting.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Rajalingam K, Schreck R, Rapp UR, Albert S
Title
Ras oncogenes and their downstream targets.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Schubbert S, Shannon K, Bollag G
Title
Hyperactive Ras in developmental disorders and cancer.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Poulogiannis G, Luo F, Arends MJ
Title
RAS signalling in the colorectum in health and disease.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Berndt N, Hamilton AD, Sebti SM
Title
Targeting protein prenylation for cancer therapy.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Overmeyer JH, Maltese WA
Title
Death pathways triggered by activated Ras in cancer cells.
Journal
Front Biosci (Landmark Ed) 16:1693-713 (2011)
DOI:
10.2741/3814
Reference
Authors
Rodriguez-Viciana P, Tetsu O, Oda K, Okada J, Rauen K, McCormick F
Title
Cancer targets in the Ras pathway.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Cox AD, Der CJ
Title
The dark side of Ras: regulation of apoptosis.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Braun BS, Shannon K
Title
Targeting Ras in myeloid leukemias.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Pino MS, Chung DC
Title
The chromosomal instability pathway in colon cancer.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Schrader JW, Schallhorn A, Grill B, Guo X
Title
Activation of small GTPases of the Ras and Rho family by growth factors active on mast cells.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Ahearn IM, Haigis K, Bar-Sagi D, Philips MR
Title
Regulating the regulator: post-translational modification of RAS.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Ehrhardt GR, Korherr C, Wieler JS, Knaus M, Schrader JW
Title
A novel potential effector of M-Ras and p21 Ras negatively regulates p21 Ras-mediated gene induction and cell growth.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Goldfinger LE, Ptak C, Jeffery ED, Shabanowitz J, Hunt DF, Ginsberg MH
Title
RLIP76 (RalBP1) is an R-Ras effector that mediates adhesion-dependent Rac activation and cell migration.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Kortum RL, Rouquette-Jazdanian AK, Samelson LE
Title
Ras and extracellular signal-regulated kinase signaling in thymocytes and T cells.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Roberts DM, Anderson AL, Hidaka M, Swetenburg RL, Patterson C, Stanford WL, Bautch VL
Title
A vascular gene trap screen defines RasGRP3 as an angiogenesis-regulated gene required for the endothelial response to phorbol esters.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Reuther GW, Der CJ
Title
The Ras branch of small GTPases: Ras family members don't fall far from the tree.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Fernandez-Medarde A, Santos E
Title
The RasGrf family of mammalian guanine nucleotide exchange factors.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Iwashita S, Song SY
Title
RasGAPs: a crucial regulator of extracellular stimuli for homeostasis of cellular functions.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Ory S, Morrison DK
Title
Signal transduction: implications for Ras-dependent ERK signaling.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Matheny SA, White MA
Title
Signaling threshold regulation by the Ras effector IMP.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Lemmon MA, Schlessinger J
Title
Cell signaling by receptor tyrosine kinases.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Skaper SD
Title
The neurotrophin family of neurotrophic factors: an overview.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Apken LH, Oeckinghaus A
Title
The RAL signaling network: Cancer and beyond.
Journal
Related pathway
iti04660 T cell receptor signaling pathway
iti04810 Regulation of actin cytoskeleton
KO pathway