KEGG   PATHWAY: mcc05161
Entry
mcc05161                    Pathway                                
Name
Hepatitis B - Macaca mulatta (rhesus monkey)
Description
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is an enveloped virus and contains a partially double-stranded relaxed circular DNA (RC-DNA) genome. After entry into hepatocytes, HBV RC-DNA is transported to the nucleus and converted into a covalently closed circular molecule cccDNA. The cccDNA is the template for transcription of all viral RNAs including the pregenomic RNA (pgRNA), encoding for 7 viral proteins: large, middle, and small envelope proteins (LHBs, MHBs, and SHBs) that form the surface antigen (HBsAg), the core antigen (HBcAg), the e antigen (HBeAg), the HBV polymerase, and the regulatory protein X (HBx). The pgRNA interacts with the viral polymerase protein to initiate the encapsidation into the core particles. Through endoplasmic reticulum, the core particles finish assembling with the envelope proteins and are released. HBV infection leads to a wide spectrum of liver diseases raging from chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis to hepatocellular carcinoma. The mechanism of liver injury is still not clear. However, HBV proteins target host proteins, involved in a variety of functions, thus regulating transcription, cellular signaling cascades, proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis.
Class
Human Diseases; Infectious disease: viral
Pathway map
mcc05161  Hepatitis B
mcc05161

Organism
Macaca mulatta (rhesus monkey) [GN:mcc]
Gene
707213  HSPG2; basement membrane-specific heparan sulfate proteoglycan core protein isoform X7 [KO:K06255]
712925  SLC10A1; sodium/bile acid cotransporter [KO:K14341]
106992315  TGFB1; transforming growth factor beta-1 proprotein isoform X2 [KO:K13375]
707540  TGFB2; transforming growth factor beta-2 precursor [KO:K13376]
703239  TGFB3; transforming growth factor beta-3 precursor [KO:K13377]
714952  TGFBR1; TGF-beta receptor type-1 isoform X2 [KO:K04674] [EC:2.7.11.30]
703088  TGFBR2; TGF-beta receptor type-2 precursor [KO:K04388] [EC:2.7.11.30]
114675335  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: TGF-beta receptor type-2-like [KO:K04388] [EC:2.7.11.30]
711355  SMAD3; mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 3 [KO:K23605]
719199  CDKN1A; cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1 [KO:K06625]
699736  MAPK10; mitogen-activated protein kinase 10 isoform 1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
711115  MAPK8; mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
715782  MAPK9; mitogen-activated protein kinase 9 isoform X2 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
694626  MYC; myc proto-oncogene protein [KO:K04377]
698132  EGR2; E3 SUMO-protein ligase EGR2 [KO:K12496]
709145  EGR3; early growth response protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K12497]
706258  EP300; histone acetyltransferase p300 [KO:K04498] [EC:2.3.1.48]
704331  CREBBP; CREB-binding protein [KO:K04498] [EC:2.3.1.48]
574159  FASLG; tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 6 [KO:K04389]
694253  DDB1; DNA damage-binding protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K10610]
713813  DDB2; DNA damage-binding protein 2 [KO:K10140]
114672263  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: DNA damage-binding protein 2-like [KO:K10140]
710979  MAP3K1; mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 1 [KO:K04416] [EC:2.7.11.25]
709723  YWHAZ; 14-3-3 protein zeta/delta [KO:K16197]
717788  YWHAB; 14-3-3 protein beta/alpha [KO:K16197]
704010  14-3-3 protein theta [KO:K16197]
694702  YWHAQ; 14-3-3 protein theta [KO:K16197]
711374  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: 14-3-3-like protein GF14 omicron [KO:K16197]
718155  MAP2K4; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 4 isoform X1 [KO:K04430] [EC:2.7.12.2]
716098  PIK3CB; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
709959  PIK3CA; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
710552  PIK3CD; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
707310  PIK3R3; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit gamma [KO:K02649]
719367  PIK3R2; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit beta [KO:K02649]
698996  PIK3R1; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit alpha [KO:K02649]
714717  AKT3; RAC-gamma serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
697747  AKT1; RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
700591  AKT2; RAC-beta serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
709511  CHUK; inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit alpha isoform X3 [KO:K04467] [EC:2.7.11.10]
704683  IKBKB; inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit beta [KO:K07209] [EC:2.7.11.10]
701237  IKBKG; NF-kappa-B essential modulator isoform X1 [KO:K07210]
695335  NFKBIA; NF-kappa-B inhibitor alpha [KO:K04734]
710324  NFKB1; nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit [KO:K02580]
715919  RELA; transcription factor p65 isoform X1 [KO:K04735]
708084  MMP9; matrix metalloproteinase-9 precursor [KO:K01403] [EC:3.4.24.35]
707407  BCL2; apoptosis regulator Bcl-2 [KO:K02161]
717740  BAD; bcl2-associated agonist of cell death [KO:K02158]
574332  FAS; tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 6 precursor [KO:K04390]
708606  FADD; FAS-associated death domain protein [KO:K02373]
702781  CASP8; caspase-8 isoform X1 [KO:K04398] [EC:3.4.22.61]
701295  CASP10; caspase-10 [KO:K04400] [EC:3.4.22.63]
100426724  BID; BH3-interacting domain death agonist isoform X2 [KO:K04726]
718948  BAX; apoptosis regulator BAX [KO:K02159]
694164  APAF1; apoptotic protease-activating factor 1 [KO:K02084]
705449  cytochrome c-like [KO:K08738]
716056  cytochrome c-like [KO:K08738]
711309  cytochrome c-like [KO:K08738]
698225  cytochrome c-like [KO:K08738]
701246  cytochrome c-like [KO:K08738]
699951  cytochrome c-like [KO:K08738]
702488  cytochrome c-like [KO:K08738]
100425223  CYCS; cytochrome c [KO:K08738]
106995399  cytochrome c-like [KO:K08738]
712148  cytochrome c-like [KO:K08738]
694544  CASP9; caspase-9 [KO:K04399] [EC:3.4.22.62]
694473  CASP3; caspase-3 [KO:K02187] [EC:3.4.22.56]
724039  CASP12; caspase-12 [KO:K04741] [EC:3.4.22.-]
709565  BIRC5; baculoviral IAP repeat-containing protein 5 [KO:K08731]
716170  TP53; cellular tumor antigen p53 [KO:K04451]
707259  CCNA2; cyclin-A2 [KO:K06627]
693797  CCNA1; cyclin-A1 isoform X3 [KO:K06627]
711002  CDK2; cyclin-dependent kinase 2 isoform X2 [KO:K02206] [EC:2.7.11.22]
700589  CCNE1; G1/S-specific cyclin-E1 isoform X1 [KO:K06626]
700382  CCNE2; G1/S-specific cyclin-E2 isoform X2 [KO:K06626]
704871  RB1; retinoblastoma-associated protein [KO:K06618]
714126  E2F1; transcription factor E2F1 [KO:K17454]
710200  E2F2; transcription factor E2F2 [KO:K09389]
713904  E2F3; transcription factor E2F3 isoform X1 [KO:K06620]
106995374  ATP6AP1; V-type proton ATPase subunit S1 [KO:K03662]
718412  PRKCA; protein kinase C alpha type [KO:K02677] [EC:2.7.11.13]
701195  PRKCB; protein kinase C beta type [KO:K19662] [EC:2.7.11.13]
720263  PRKCG; protein kinase C gamma type [KO:K19663] [EC:2.7.11.13]
698089  NFATC1; nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 1 isoform X2 [KO:K04446]
710601  NFATC2; nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 2 isoform X1 [KO:K17332]
702390  NFATC3; nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 3 isoform X2 [KO:K17333]
714785  NFATC4; nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 4 isoform X2 [KO:K17334]
715467  TNF; tumor necrosis factor [KO:K03156]
677689  JAK1; tyrosine-protein kinase JAK1 [KO:K11217] [EC:2.7.10.2]
694184  JAK2; tyrosine-protein kinase JAK2 [KO:K04447] [EC:2.7.10.2]
720040  JAK3; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: tyrosine-protein kinase JAK3 [KO:K11218] [EC:2.7.10.2]
114669853  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: tyrosine-protein kinase JAK3-like [KO:K11218] [EC:2.7.10.2]
574130  TYK2; non-receptor tyrosine-protein kinase TYK2 isoform X1 [KO:K11219] [EC:2.7.10.2]
574128  STAT3; signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 isoform X1 [KO:K04692]
693650  STAT1; signal transducer and activator of transcription 1-alpha/beta [KO:K11220]
712694  STAT2; signal transducer and activator of transcription 2 [KO:K11221]
693854  STAT4; signal transducer and activator of transcription 4 isoform X2 [KO:K11222]
574129  STAT5A; signal transducer and activator of transcription 5A isoform 2 [KO:K11223]
709760  STAT5B; signal transducer and activator of transcription 5B isoform X1 [KO:K11224]
714159  STAT6; signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 [KO:K11225]
705116  VDAC3; voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K15041]
712787  PTK2B; protein-tyrosine kinase 2-beta isoform X1 [KO:K05871] [EC:2.7.10.2]
701057  SRC; proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase Src [KO:K05704] [EC:2.7.10.2]
702041  GRB2; growth factor receptor-bound protein 2 [KO:K04364]
713777  SOS1; son of sevenless homolog 1 isoform X1 [KO:K03099]
705601  SOS2; son of sevenless homolog 2 [KO:K03099]
698830  HRAS; GTPase HRas [KO:K02833]
707977  KRAS; GTPase KRas [KO:K07827]
709089  NRAS; GTPase NRas [KO:K07828]
716452  JUN; transcription factor AP-1 [KO:K04448]
701803  SMAD4; mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 4 [KO:K04501]
699072  ATF2; cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-2 isoform X1 [KO:K04450]
708717  CREB1; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 1 [KO:K05870]
714981  CREB3L2; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 2 [KO:K09048]
713391  CREB3L1; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K09048]
696350  CREB3; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3 [KO:K09048]
721825  CREB3L3; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K09048]
715951  CREB3L4; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 4 [KO:K09048]
703965  ATF4; cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-4 [KO:K04374]
697718  CREB5; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 5 isoform X1 [KO:K09047]
717050  ATF6B; cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-6 beta isoform X1 [KO:K09049]
613028  CXCL8; interleukin-8 precursor [KO:K10030]
718006  PCNA; proliferating cell nuclear antigen [KO:K04802]
707169  ARAF; serine/threonine-protein kinase A-Raf [KO:K08845] [EC:2.7.11.1]
693554  BRAF; serine/threonine-protein kinase B-raf isoform X1 [KO:K04365] [EC:2.7.11.1]
694725  RAF1; RAF proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04366] [EC:2.7.11.1]
710415  MAP2K1; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 [KO:K04368] [EC:2.7.12.2]
721821  MAP2K2; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 2 isoform X1 [KO:K04369] [EC:2.7.12.2]
708938  MAPK3; mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 isoform X1 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
698569  MAPK1; mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
702077  FOS; proto-oncogene c-Fos [KO:K04379]
712610  ELK1; ETS domain-containing protein Elk-1 [KO:K04375]
114672301  ETS domain-containing protein Elk-1-like isoform X1 [KO:K04375]
574290  TLR2; toll-like receptor 2 precursor [KO:K10159]
696494  MYD88; myeloid differentiation primary response protein MyD88 [KO:K04729]
714377  TIRAP; toll/interleukin-1 receptor domain-containing adapter protein [KO:K05403]
574360  TLR4; toll-like receptor 4 precursor [KO:K10160]
700568  IRAK4; interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 4 [KO:K04733] [EC:2.7.11.1]
699919  IRAK1; interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 1 [KO:K04730] [EC:2.7.11.1]
716907  TRAF6; TNF receptor-associated factor 6 [KO:K03175] [EC:2.3.2.27]
703409  TAB1; TGF-beta-activated kinase 1 and MAP3K7-binding protein 1 [KO:K04403]
696875  TAB2; TGF-beta-activated kinase 1 and MAP3K7-binding protein 2 [KO:K04404]
703101  MAP3K7; mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 7 isoform X1 [KO:K04427] [EC:2.7.11.25]
705819  IL6; interleukin-6 precursor [KO:K05405]
705195  MAP2K3; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 3 [KO:K04432] [EC:2.7.12.2]
693914  MAP2K6; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 6 [KO:K04433] [EC:2.7.12.2]
715745  MAPK12; mitogen-activated protein kinase 12 isoform X1 [KO:K04441] [EC:2.7.11.24]
715794  MAPK11; mitogen-activated protein kinase 11 [KO:K04441] [EC:2.7.11.24]
718976  MAPK14; mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 isoform X1 [KO:K04441] [EC:2.7.11.24]
719085  MAPK13; mitogen-activated protein kinase 13 isoform X1 [KO:K04441] [EC:2.7.11.24]
710077  MAP2K7; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 7 isoform X1 [KO:K04431] [EC:2.7.12.2]
100426353  TICAM2; TIR domain-containing adapter molecule 2 [KO:K05409]
574378  TLR3; toll-like receptor 3 precursor [KO:K05401]
574294  TICAM1; TIR domain-containing adapter molecule 1 [KO:K05842]
704638  DDX58; probable ATP-dependent RNA helicase DDX58 [KO:K12646] [EC:5.6.2.6]
702024  IFIH1; interferon-induced helicase C domain-containing protein 1 [KO:K12647] [EC:5.6.2.6]
717616  MAVS; mitochondrial antiviral-signaling protein [KO:K12648]
693961  TRAF3; TNF receptor-associated factor 3 isoform X1 [KO:K03174]
695607  IKBKE; inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit epsilon [KO:K07211] [EC:2.7.11.10]
717427  TBK1; serine/threonine-protein kinase TBK1 [KO:K05410] [EC:2.7.11.10]
706891  DDX3X; ATP-dependent RNA helicase DDX3X isoform X1 [KO:K11594] [EC:5.6.2.7]
718970  IRF3; interferon regulatory factor 3 [KO:K05411]
699578  IRF7; interferon regulatory factor 7 [KO:K09447]
709948  IFNA2; interferon alpha-2 precursor [KO:K05414]
709755  IFNA8; interferon alpha-8 [KO:K05414]
710751  interferon alpha-17-like [KO:K05414]
694631  interferon alpha-1/13-like [KO:K05414]
710487  interferon alpha-14 [KO:K05414]
710528  interferon alpha-1/13 [KO:K05414]
710568  interferon alpha-4-like [KO:K05414]
710654  IFNA10; interferon alpha-4 precursor [KO:K05414]
711252  IFNA21; interferon alpha-21 [KO:K05414]
709559  IFNA13; interferon alpha-1/13 precursor [KO:K05414]
711088  interferon alpha-17-like [KO:K05414]
106992322  interferon alpha-17 [KO:K05414]
710848  interferon alpha-17 [KO:K05414]
106995851  IFNA6; interferon alpha-6 [KO:K05414]
114672663  interferon alpha-17-like [KO:K05414]
114672664  interferon alpha-17-like [KO:K05414]
711414  IFNB1; interferon beta precursor [KO:K05415]
699604  IFNAR1; interferon alpha/beta receptor 1 precursor [KO:K05130]
Compound
C00076  Calcium cation
Reference
PMID:30059722
  Authors
Caballero A, Tabernero D, Buti M, Rodriguez-Frias F
  Title
Hepatitis B virus: The challenge of an ancient virus with multiple faces and a remarkable replication strategy.
  Journal
Antiviral Res 158:34-44 (2018)
DOI:10.1016/j.antiviral.2018.07.019
Reference
PMID:22869468
  Authors
Walsh R, Locarnini S
  Title
Hepatitis B precore protein: pathogenic potential and therapeutic promise.
  Journal
Yonsei Med J 53:875-85 (2012)
DOI:10.3349/ymj.2012.53.5.875
Reference
PMID:26239691
  Authors
Liang TJ, Block TM, McMahon BJ, Ghany MG, Urban S, Guo JT, Locarnini S, Zoulim F, Chang KM, Lok AS
  Title
Present and future therapies of hepatitis B: From discovery to cure.
  Journal
Hepatology 62:1893-908 (2015)
DOI:10.1002/hep.28025
Reference
PMID:26776362
  Authors
Morikawa K, Suda G, Sakamoto N
  Title
Viral life cycle of hepatitis B virus: Host factors and druggable targets.
  Journal
Hepatol Res 46:871-7 (2016)
DOI:10.1111/hepr.12650
Reference
PMID:19201080
  Authors
Feitelson MA, Reis HM, Tufan NL, Sun B, Pan J, Lian Z
  Title
Putative roles of hepatitis B x antigen in the pathogenesis of chronic liver disease.
  Journal
Cancer Lett 286:69-79 (2009)
DOI:10.1016/j.canlet.2008.12.010
Reference
PMID:19263472
  Authors
Murata M, Matsuzaki K, Yoshida K, Sekimoto G, Tahashi Y, Mori S, Uemura Y, Sakaida N, Fujisawa J, Seki T, Kobayashi K, Yokote K, Koike K, Okazaki K
  Title
Hepatitis B virus X protein shifts human hepatic transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta signaling from tumor suppression to oncogenesis in early chronic hepatitis B.
  Journal
Hepatology 49:1203-17 (2009)
DOI:10.1002/hep.22765
Reference
PMID:15173177
  Authors
Yoo YG, Lee MO
  Title
Hepatitis B virus X protein induces expression of Fas ligand gene through enhancing transcriptional activity of early growth response factor.
  Journal
J Biol Chem 279:36242-9 (2004)
DOI:10.1074/jbc.M401290200
Reference
PMID:16459163
  Authors
Zhang X, Zhang H, Ye L
  Title
Effects of hepatitis B virus X protein on the development of liver cancer.
  Journal
J Lab Clin Med 147:58-66 (2006)
DOI:10.1016/j.lab.2005.10.003
Reference
PMID:19854353
  Authors
Benhenda S, Cougot D, Buendia MA, Neuveut C
  Title
Hepatitis B virus X protein molecular functions and its role in virus life cycle and pathogenesis.
  Journal
Adv Cancer Res 103:75-109 (2009)
DOI:10.1016/S0065-230X(09)03004-8
Reference
PMID:21994562
  Authors
Benhenda S, Cougot D, Neuveut C, Buendia MA
  Title
Liver cell transformation in chronic HBV infection.
  Journal
Viruses 1:630-46 (2009)
DOI:10.3390/v1030630
Reference
PMID:11099494
  Authors
Diao J, Khine AA, Sarangi F, Hsu E, Iorio C, Tibbles LA, Woodgett JR, Penninger J, Richardson CD
  Title
X protein of hepatitis B virus inhibits Fas-mediated apoptosis and is associated with up-regulation of the SAPK/JNK pathway.
  Journal
J Biol Chem 276:8328-40 (2001)
DOI:10.1074/jbc.M006026200
Reference
PMID:16891440
  Authors
Park NH, Song IH, Chung YH
  Title
Chronic hepatitis B in hepatocarcinogenesis.
  Journal
Postgrad Med J 82:507-15 (2006)
DOI:10.1136/pgmj.2006.047431
Reference
PMID:28820498
  Authors
Lin S, Zhang YJ
  Title
Interference of Apoptosis by Hepatitis B Virus.
  Journal
Viruses 9:E230 (2017)
DOI:10.3390/v9080230
Reference
PMID:16173017
  Authors
Zhang X, Dong N, Yin L, Cai N, Ma H, You J, Zhang H, Wang H, He R, Ye L
  Title
Hepatitis B virus X protein upregulates survivin expression in hepatoma tissues.
  Journal
J Med Virol 77:374-81 (2005)
DOI:10.1002/jmv.20466
Reference
PMID:18481805
  Authors
Kim HJ, Kim SY, Kim J, Lee H, Choi M, Kim JK, Ahn JK
  Title
Hepatitis B virus X protein induces apoptosis by enhancing translocation of Bax to mitochondria.
  Journal
IUBMB Life 60:473-80 (2008)
DOI:10.1002/iub.68
Reference
PMID:21647825
  Authors
Ng SA, Lee C
  Title
Hepatitis B virus X gene and hepatocarcinogenesis.
  Journal
J Gastroenterol 46:974-90 (2011)
DOI:10.1007/s00535-011-0415-9
Reference
PMID:9195957
  Authors
Cong YS, Yao YL, Yang WM, Kuzhandaivelu N, Seto E
  Title
The hepatitis B virus X-associated protein, XAP3, is a protein kinase C-binding protein.
  Journal
J Biol Chem 272:16482-9 (1997)
DOI:10.1074/jbc.272.26.16482
Reference
PMID:12686421
  Authors
Panteva M, Korkaya H, Jameel S
  Title
Hepatitis viruses and the MAPK pathway: is this a survival strategy?
  Journal
Virus Res 92:131-40 (2003)
DOI:10.1016/S0168-1702(02)00356-8
Reference
PMID:9738022
  Authors
Lee YH, Yun Y
  Title
HBx protein of hepatitis B virus activates Jak1-STAT signaling.
  Journal
J Biol Chem 273:25510-5 (1998)
DOI:10.1074/jbc.273.39.25510
Reference
PMID:18251977
  Authors
Tan A, Yeh SH, Liu CJ, Cheung C, Chen PJ
  Title
Viral hepatocarcinogenesis: from infection to cancer.
  Journal
Liver Int 28:175-88 (2008)
DOI:10.1111/j.1478-3231.2007.01652.x
Reference
PMID:17059849
  Authors
Chami M, Oules B, Paterlini-Brechot P
  Title
Cytobiological consequences of calcium-signaling alterations induced by human viral proteins.
  Journal
Biochim Biophys Acta 1763:1344-62 (2006)
DOI:10.1016/j.bbamcr.2006.09.025
Reference
PMID:11743185
  Authors
Ganem D
  Title
Virology. The X files--one step closer to closure.
  Journal
Science 294:2299-300 (2001)
DOI:10.1126/science.1067850
Reference
PMID:15132991
  Authors
Chung TW, Lee YC, Kim CH
  Title
Hepatitis B viral HBx induces matrix metalloproteinase-9 gene expression through activation of ERK and PI-3K/AKT pathways: involvement of invasive potential.
  Journal
FASEB J 18:1123-5 (2004)
DOI:10.1096/fj.03-1429fje
Reference
PMID:18605975
  Authors
Gurtsevitch VE
  Title
Human oncogenic viruses: hepatitis B and hepatitis C viruses and their role in hepatocarcinogenesis.
  Journal
Biochemistry (Mosc) 73:504-13 (2008)
DOI:10.1134/S0006297908050039
Reference
PMID:21994545
  Authors
Schadler S, Hildt E
  Title
HBV life cycle: entry and morphogenesis.
  Journal
Viruses 1:185-209 (2009)
DOI:10.3390/v1020185
Reference
PMID:28862649
  Authors
Ortega-Prieto AM, Dorner M
  Title
Immune Evasion Strategies during Chronic Hepatitis B and C Virus Infection.
  Journal
Vaccines (Basel) 5:E24 (2017)
DOI:10.3390/vaccines5030024
Reference
PMID:28704708
  Authors
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Mol Immunol 90:64-73 (2017)
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Can Toll-Like Receptor (TLR) 2 be considered as a new target for immunotherapy against hepatitis B infection?
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Hum Immunol 75:549-54 (2014)
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J Gen Virol 91:2080-90 (2010)
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Antivir Ther 18:1-15 (2013)
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Related
pathway
mcc04010  MAPK signaling pathway
mcc04064  NF-kappa B signaling pathway
mcc04110  Cell cycle
mcc04115  p53 signaling pathway
mcc04151  PI3K-Akt signaling pathway
mcc04210  Apoptosis
mcc04620  Toll-like receptor signaling pathway
mcc04622  RIG-I-like receptor signaling pathway
mcc04630  JAK-STAT signaling pathway
KO pathway
ko05161   
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