Entry
Name
Alzheimer disease - Capra hircus (goat)
Description
Alzheimer disease (AD) is a chronic disorder that slowly destroys neurons and causes serious cognitive disability. AD is associated with senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs). Amyloid-beta (Abeta), a major component of senile plaques, has various pathological effects on cell and organelle function. To date genetic studies have revealed four genes that may be linked to autosomal dominant or familial early onset AD (FAD). These four genes include: amyloid precursor protein (APP), presenilin 1 (PS1), presenilin 2 (PS2) and apolipoprotein E (ApoE). All mutations associated with APP and PS proteins can lead to an increase in the production of Abeta peptides, specfically the more amyloidogenic form, Abeta42. It was proposed that Abeta form Ca2+ permeable pores and bind to and modulate multiple synaptic proteins, including NMDAR, mGluR5 and VGCC, leading to the overfilling of neurons with calcium ions. Consequently, cellular Ca2+ disruptions will lead to neuronal apoptosis, autophagy deficits, mitochondrial abnormality, defective neurotransmission, impaired synaptic plasticity and neurodegeneration in AD. FAD-linked PS1 mutation downregulates the unfolded protein response and leads to vulnerability to ER stress.
Class
Human Diseases; Neurodegenerative disease
BRITE hierarchy
Pathway map
Disease
Organism
Capra hircus (goat) [GN:
chx ]
Gene
100860782 NDUFS7; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 7, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K03940 ] [EC:7.1.1.2 ]
100860881 SDHD; succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] cytochrome b small subunit, mitochondrial [KO:K00237 ]
100861133 EIF2S1; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit 1 [KO:K03237 ]
100861292 CACNA1C; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1C isoform X1 [KO:K04850 ]
100861349 NDUFB8; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 8, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K03964 ]
102168216 NDUFB3; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 3 [KO:K03959 ]
102168293 ATP5G1; ATP synthase F(0) complex subunit C1, mitochondrial [KO:K02128 ]
102168391 PIK3CA; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K00922 ] [EC:2.7.1.153 ]
102168407 NDUFB10; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 10 [KO:K03966 ]
102168606 ATP5G2; ATP synthase F(0) complex subunit C2, mitochondrial [KO:K02128 ]
102168736 NDUFA8; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 8 [KO:K03952 ]
102168873 AGER; advanced glycosylation end product-specific receptor isoform X2 [KO:K19722 ]
102169405 PSMD9; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 9 isoform X1 [KO:K06693 ]
102169457 VDAC2; voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 2 [KO:K15040 ]
102169649 ATG2A; autophagy-related protein 2 homolog A isoform X1 [KO:K17906 ]
102169966 PLCB2; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-2 isoform X1 [KO:K05858 ] [EC:3.1.4.11 ]
102170016 NDUFS5; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 5 [KO:K03938 ]
102170135 PIK3R2; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit beta isoform X1 [KO:K02649 ]
102170635 NDUFS4; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 4, mitochondrial [KO:K03937 ]
102171224 NDUFA6; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 6 [KO:K03950 ]
102171521 EIF2AK2; interferon-induced, double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K16195 ] [EC:2.7.11.1 ]
102171860 NDUFB7; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 7 [KO:K03963 ]
102171890 ATP5C1; ATP synthase subunit gamma, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K02136 ]
102172091 NDUFA3; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 3 [KO:K03947 ]
102173093 ATG14; beclin 1-associated autophagy-related key regulator [KO:K17889 ]
102173290 VDAC1; voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 1 [KO:K05862 ]
102173623 PSMD4; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 4 isoform X1 [KO:K03029 ]
102174090 NDUFB2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 2, mitochondrial [KO:K03958 ]
102174706 CACNA1D; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1D [KO:K04851 ]
102174773 PSMD7; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 7 [KO:K03038 ]
102175660 NFKB1; nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit isoform X1 [KO:K02580 ]
102176032 NDUFA7; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 7 [KO:K03951 ]
102176151 CACNA1S; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1S [KO:K04857 ]
102176171 ATG2B; autophagy-related protein 2 homolog B isoform X1 [KO:K17906 ]
102176558 PSMD3; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 3 [KO:K03033 ]
102176666 VDAC3; voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K15041 ]
102176723 PSMD8; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 8 [KO:K03031 ]
102176770 PPP3CA; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2B catalytic subunit alpha isoform isoform X1 [KO:K04348 ] [EC:3.1.3.16 ]
102177097 GRIN2C; glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2C isoform X1 [KO:K05211 ]
102177332 NDUFA2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 2 [KO:K03946 ]
102177417 LRP6; low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 6 isoform X1 [KO:K03068 ]
102177419 NDUFA1; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 1 [KO:K03945 ]
102177435 APC2; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: adenomatous polyposis coli protein 2 [KO:K02085 ]
102177551 PIK3CD; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K00922 ] [EC:2.7.1.153 ]
102177927 NDUFB4; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 4 [KO:K03960 ]
102178499 ATP5F1; ATP synthase F(0) complex subunit B1, mitochondrial [KO:K02127 ]
102179237 WIPI1; WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 1 [KO:K17908 ]
102179305 APBB1; amyloid beta A4 precursor protein-binding family B member 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04529 ]
102179343 PIK3R3; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit gamma [KO:K02649 ]
102179361 NDUFA9; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 9, mitochondrial [KO:K03953 ]
102179638 NDUFA4L2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 4-like 2 [KO:K03948 ]
102179705 CHRNA7; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-7 [KO:K04809 ]
102179767 PPP3CC; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2B catalytic subunit gamma isoform isoform X1 [KO:K04348 ] [EC:3.1.3.16 ]
102180165 PSMD6; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 6 [KO:K03037 ]
102180353 ATP5G3; ATP synthase F(0) complex subunit C3, mitochondrial [KO:K02128 ]
102180451 FAS; tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 6 precursor [KO:K04390 ]
102180505 PLCB4; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-4 isoform X1 [KO:K05858 ] [EC:3.1.4.11 ]
102180716 WIPI2; WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K17908 ]
102181026 NDUFA11; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 11 [KO:K03956 ]
102181192 PSMD13; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 13 isoform X1 [KO:K03039 ]
102181207 NDUFS6; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 6, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K03939 ]
102181789 GRIN1; glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1 isoform X1 [KO:K05208 ]
102181922 NDUFA10; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 10, mitochondrial [KO:K03954 ]
102182444 DVL3; segment polarity protein dishevelled homolog DVL-3 isoform X1 [KO:K02353 ]
102182696 NDUFB6; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 6 [KO:K03962 ]
102183107 SDHA; succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein subunit, mitochondrial [KO:K00234 ] [EC:1.3.5.1 ]
102183195 SDHB; succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur subunit, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K00235 ] [EC:1.3.5.1 ]
102183547 PSMD2; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 2 [KO:K03028 ]
102183635 PSMD12; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 12 [KO:K03035 ]
102183643 NDUFV3; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein 3, mitochondrial isoform X2 [KO:K03944 ]
102184016 ATF6; cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-6 alpha [KO:K09054 ]
102184033 PPP3CB; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2B catalytic subunit beta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K04348 ] [EC:3.1.3.16 ]
102184456 AMBRA1; activating molecule in BECN1-regulated autophagy protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K17985 ]
102185042 PIK3CB; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform [KO:K00922 ] [EC:2.7.1.153 ]
102185051 CSF1; macrophage colony-stimulating factor 1 isoform X1 [KO:K05453 ]
102185072 ATF4; cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-4 [KO:K04374 ]
102185248 NDUFS8; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 8, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K03941 ] [EC:7.1.1.2 ]
102185511 PSMD14; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 14 [KO:K03030 ]
102186141 NDUFC1; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 subunit C1, mitochondrial [KO:K03967 ]
102187118 NDUFA13; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 13 [KO:K11353 ]
102187248 CALML6; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: calmodulin-like protein 6 [KO:K02183 ]
102187430 PSMD11; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 11 [KO:K03036 ]
102187560 NDUFA5; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 5 [KO:K03949 ]
102187906 PSMD1; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 1 [KO:K03032 ]
102188065 NDUFS3; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 3, mitochondrial [KO:K03936 ] [EC:7.1.1.2 ]
102188083 DVL2; segment polarity protein dishevelled homolog DVL-2 isoform X1 [KO:K02353 ]
102188092 ITPR1; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04958 ]
102188148 PLCB1; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-1 isoform X1 [KO:K05858 ] [EC:3.1.4.11 ]
102188420 NDUFB9; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 9 isoform X1 [KO:K03965 ]
102188663 NDUFB11; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 11, mitochondrial [KO:K11351 ]
102188710 PIK3R1; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K02649 ]
102189010 LRP1; prolow-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04550 ]
102189176 SDHC; succinate dehydrogenase cytochrome b560 subunit, mitochondrial [KO:K00236 ]
102189432 NDUFB5; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 5, mitochondrial [KO:K03961 ]
102189698 DVL1; segment polarity protein dishevelled homolog DVL-1 isoform X1 [KO:K02353 ]
102189746 CACNA1F; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1F isoform X1 [KO:K04853 ]
102189802 NDUFB1; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 1 [KO:K03957 ]
102190310 TNFRSF1A; tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 1A [KO:K03158 ]
102190747 NDUFS2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 2, mitochondrial [KO:K03935 ] [EC:7.1.1.2 ]
106503755 LRP5; low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5 isoform X1 [KO:K03068 ]
Compound
C01245 D-myo-Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate
C04549 1-Phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3-phosphate
C05981 Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate
C16514 Amyloid beta protein 40
C16515 Amyloid beta protein 42
C21011 [Protein]-N(epsilon)-(carboxymethyl)lysine
C21012 [Protein]-N(epsilon)-(carboxyethyl)lysine
Reference
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Title
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Title
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Related pathway
chx04141 Protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum
chx04933 AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications
KO pathway