Entry
Name
Human cytomegalovirus infection - Microcebus murinus (gray mouse lemur)
Description
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is an enveloped, double-stranded DNA virus that is a member of beta-herpesvirus family. HCMV is best known for causing significant morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised populations. As with other herpesviruses, HCMV gB and gH/gL envelope glycoproteins are essential for virus entry. HCMV gB could activate the PDGFRA, and induce activation of the oncogenic PI3-K/AKT pathway. Though it is unlikely that HCMV by itself can act as an oncogenic factor, HCMV may have an oncomodulatory role, to catalyze an oncogenic process that has already been initiated. US28, one of the four HCMV-encoded vGPCRs (US27, US28, UL33 and UL78), also has a specific role in the oncomodulatory properties. In addition, HCMV has developed numerous mechanisms for manipulating the host immune system. The virally encoded US2, US3, US6 and US11 gene products all interfere with major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I antigen presentation. HCMV encodes several immediate early (IE) antiapoptotic proteins (IE1, IE2, vMIA and vICA). These proteins might avoid immune clearance of infected tumor cells by cytotoxic lymphocytes and NK cells.
Class
Human Diseases; Infectious disease: viral
BRITE hierarchy
Pathway map
Ortholog table
Organism
Microcebus murinus (gray mouse lemur) [GN:
mmur ]
Gene
105862660 PIK3CB; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K00922 ] [EC:2.7.1.153 ]
105855821 PIK3CA; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform isoform X1 [KO:K00922 ] [EC:2.7.1.153 ]
105886063 PIK3CD; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K00922 ] [EC:2.7.1.153 ]
105881219 PIK3R1; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K02649 ]
105855026 PIK3R2; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit beta [KO:K02649 ]
105877483 PIK3R3; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit gamma isoform X1 [KO:K02649 ]
105870389 EIF4EBP1; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1 [KO:K07205 ]
105873508 CHUK; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit alpha [KO:K04467 ] [EC:2.7.11.10 ]
105874819 NFKB1; nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit isoform X1 [KO:K02580 ]
105868254 RAC1; ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04392 ]
105883746 RAC2; ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 2 isoform X1 [KO:K07860 ]
105878067 RAC3; ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 3 isoform X1 [KO:K07861 ]
105862625 TMEM173; stimulator of interferon genes protein isoform X1 [KO:K12654 ]
105869061 TNFRSF1A; tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 1A [KO:K03158 ]
105859037 TRADD; tumor necrosis factor receptor type 1-associated DEATH domain protein [KO:K03171 ]
105880516 TRAF5; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: TNF receptor-associated factor 5 [KO:K09849 ]
105877661 GNB1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-1 [KO:K04536 ]
105868427 GNB2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-2 isoform X1 [KO:K04537 ]
105869000 GNB3; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-3 isoform X2 [KO:K07825 ]
105855818 GNB4; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit beta-4 [KO:K04538 ]
105870695 GNB5; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit beta-5 [KO:K04539 ]
105867677 GNG2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-2 [KO:K07826 ]
105878586 GNG3; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-3 [KO:K04540 ]
105856485 GNG4; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-4 [KO:K04541 ]
105861782 GNG5; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-5 [KO:K04542 ]
105873983 GNG7; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-7 [KO:K04543 ]
109729970 GNG8; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-8 [KO:K04544 ]
109731176 GNG10; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-10 [KO:K04545 ]
105885526 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: uncharacterized LOC105372280 homolog [KO:K04347 ]
105872857 GNG12; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-12 [KO:K04347 ]
109729570 GNG13; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-13 [KO:K04547 ]
105867248 guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(T) subunit gamma-T1 [KO:K04548 ]
109729475 GNGT2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-T2 [KO:K04549 ]
105868697 GNAQ; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(q) subunit alpha [KO:K04634 ]
105873966 GNA11; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit alpha-11 [KO:K04635 ]
105872433 PLCB2; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-2 isoform X1 [KO:K05858 ] [EC:3.1.4.11 ]
105869384 ITPR1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1 [KO:K04958 ]
105857276 ITPR2; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 2 isoform X1 [KO:K04959 ]
105877681 CALML6; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: calmodulin-like protein 6 [KO:K02183 ]
105868798 PPP3CB; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2B catalytic subunit beta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K04348 ] [EC:3.1.3.16 ]
105863295 PPP3CA; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2B catalytic subunit alpha isoform isoform X1 [KO:K04348 ] [EC:3.1.3.16 ]
105857150 PPP3CC; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2B catalytic subunit gamma isoform isoform X1 [KO:K04348 ] [EC:3.1.3.16 ]
105884723 NFATC1; nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04446 ]
105872262 NFATC2; nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 2 isoform X1 [KO:K17332 ]
105858914 NFATC3; nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 3 isoform X1 [KO:K17333 ]
105866622 NFATC4; nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 4 isoform X1 [KO:K17334 ]
105874990 GNAI2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-2 [KO:K04630 ]
105864008 GNAI3; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(k) subunit alpha [KO:K04630 ]
105879338 GNAI1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-1 [KO:K04630 ]
105866545 GNAO1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(o) subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04534 ]
105868406 GNA12; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit alpha-12 isoform X1 [KO:K04346 ]
105861706 GNA13; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit alpha-13 [KO:K04639 ]
105867983 ARHGEF1; rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor 1 isoform X1 [KO:K12330 ]
105873101 ARHGEF11; rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor 11 isoform X1 [KO:K12331 ]
105875996 ARHGEF12; rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor 12 isoform X1 [KO:K07532 ]
105867692 PTGER2; prostaglandin E2 receptor EP2 subtype isoform X1 [KO:K04259 ]
105884236 PTGER3; prostaglandin E2 receptor EP3 subtype isoform X1 [KO:K04260 ]
105874518 guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(s) subunit alpha isoforms short isoform X1 [KO:K04632 ]
105859419 STAT3; signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 isoform X1 [KO:K04692 ]
105864304 CREB1; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K05870 ]
105865052 ATF2; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-2 [KO:K04450 ]
105858535 ATF4; cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-4 [KO:K04374 ]
105873936 CREB3L3; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K09048 ]
105874305 CREB3; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3 [KO:K09048 ]
105885209 CREB3L1; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K09048 ]
105885942 CREB3L4; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 4 [KO:K09048 ]
105859108 CREB3L2; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 2 [KO:K09048 ]
105855129 cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 5 isoform X1 [KO:K09047 ]
105858143 ATF6B; cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-6 beta isoform X1 [KO:K09049 ]
105875451 BCAR1; breast cancer anti-estrogen resistance protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K05726 ]
109729198 IL10RB; interleukin-10 receptor subunit beta isoform X1 [KO:K05135 ]
105855949 HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B-81 alpha chain-like [KO:K06751 ]
105855951 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B-37 alpha chain-like [KO:K06751 ]
105870762 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: saoe class I histocompatibility antigen, A alpha chain-like [KO:K06751 ]
105870764 HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B-37 alpha chain-like isoform X1 [KO:K06751 ]
105870765 HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B-48 alpha chain-like [KO:K06751 ]
105870766 HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B-44 alpha chain-like [KO:K06751 ]
105870767 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, alpha chain G-like [KO:K06751 ]
105858107 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: class I histocompatibility antigen, Gogo-OKO alpha chain [KO:K06751 ]
105871667 FASLG; tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 6 [KO:K04389 ]
105871657 FAS; tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 6 [KO:K04390 ]
Compound
C01245 D-myo-Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate
C05981 Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate
Reference
Authors
Michaelis M, Doerr HW, Cinatl J
Title
The story of human cytomegalovirus and cancer: increasing evidence and open questions.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Roy S, Arav-Boger R
Title
New cell-signaling pathways for controlling cytomegalovirus replication.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Cinatl J, Scholz M, Kotchetkov R, Vogel JU, Doerr HW
Title
Molecular mechanisms of the modulatory effects of HCMV infection in tumor cell biology.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Evers DL, Wang X, Huang ES
Title
Cellular stress and signal transduction responses to human cytomegalovirus infection.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Murray MJ, Peters NE, Reeves MB
Title
Navigating the Host Cell Response during Entry into Sites of Latent Cytomegalovirus Infection.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Campadelli-Fiume G, Collins-McMillen D, Gianni T, Yurochko AD
Title
Integrins as Herpesvirus Receptors and Mediators of the Host Signalosome.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Fu YZ, Su S, Gao YQ, Wang PP, Huang ZF, Hu MM, Luo WW, Li S, Luo MH, Wang YY, Shu HB
Title
Human Cytomegalovirus Tegument Protein UL82 Inhibits STING-Mediated Signaling to Evade Antiviral Immunity.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Hancock MH, Nelson JA
Title
Modulation of the NFkappab Signalling Pathway by Human Cytomegalovirus.
Journal
Virology (Hyderabad) 1:104 (2017)
Reference
Authors
Rahman MM, McFadden G
Title
Modulation of NF-kappaB signalling by microbial pathogens.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Zhang J, Feng H, Xu S, Feng P
Title
Hijacking GPCRs by viral pathogens and tumor.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Lee S, Chung YH, Lee C
Title
US28, a Virally-Encoded GPCR as an Antiviral Target for Human Cytomegalovirus Infection.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Langemeijer EV, Slinger E, de Munnik S, Schreiber A, Maussang D, Vischer H, Verkaar F, Leurs R, Siderius M, Smit MJ
Title
Constitutive beta-catenin signaling by the viral chemokine receptor US28.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Couty JP, Gershengorn MC
Title
G-protein-coupled receptors encoded by human herpesviruses.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Fiallos E, Judkins J, Matlaf L, Prichard M, Dittmer D, Cobbs C, Soroceanu L
Title
Human cytomegalovirus gene expression in long-term infected glioma stem cells.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Vischer HF, Siderius M, Leurs R, Smit MJ
Title
Herpesvirus-encoded GPCRs: neglected players in inflammatory and proliferative diseases?
Journal
Reference
Authors
Slinger E, Langemeijer E, Siderius M, Vischer HF, Smit MJ
Title
Herpesvirus-encoded GPCRs rewire cellular signaling.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Murphy PM
Title
Viral exploitation and subversion of the immune system through chemokine mimicry.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Vischer HF, Leurs R, Smit MJ
Title
HCMV-encoded G-protein-coupled receptors as constitutively active modulators of cellular signaling networks.
Journal
Reference
Authors
de Munnik SM, Smit MJ, Leurs R, Vischer HF
Title
Modulation of cellular signaling by herpesvirus-encoded G protein-coupled receptors.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Michelson S
Title
Consequences of human cytomegalovirus mimicry.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Tu CC, Arnolds KL, O'Connor CM, Spencer JV
Title
Human Cytomegalovirus UL111A and US27 Gene Products Enhance the CXCL12/CXCR4 Signaling Axis via Distinct Mechanisms.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Busillo JM, Benovic JL
Title
Regulation of CXCR4 signaling.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Noriega V, Redmann V, Gardner T, Tortorella D
Title
Diverse immune evasion strategies by human cytomegalovirus.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Loureiro J, Ploegh HL
Title
Antigen presentation and the ubiquitin-proteasome system in host-pathogen interactions.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Fortunato EA, McElroy AK, Sanchez I, Spector DH
Title
Exploitation of cellular signaling and regulatory pathways by human cytomegalovirus.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Cinatl J Jr, Scholz M, Doerr HW
Title
Role of tumor cell immune escape mechanisms in cytomegalovirus-mediated oncomodulation.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Cinatl J Jr, Vogel JU, Kotchetkov R, Wilhelm Doerr H
Title
Oncomodulatory signals by regulatory proteins encoded by human cytomegalovirus: a novel role for viral infection in tumor progression.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Castillo JP, Kowalik TF
Title
Human cytomegalovirus immediate early proteins and cell growth control.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Kalejta RF
Title
Human cytomegalovirus pp71: a new viral tool to probe the mechanisms of cell cycle progression and oncogenesis controlled by the retinoblastoma family of tumor suppressors.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Brune W
Title
Inhibition of programmed cell death by cytomegaloviruses.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Brune W, Andoniou CE
Title
Die Another Day: Inhibition of Cell Death Pathways by Cytomegalovirus.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Yamin R, Lecker LSM, Weisblum Y, Vitenshtein A, Le-Trilling VTK, Wolf DG, Mandelboim O
Title
HCMV vCXCL1 Binds Several Chemokine Receptors and Preferentially Attracts Neutrophils over NK Cells by Interacting with CXCR2.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Wang X, Sanchez J, Stone MJ, Payne RJ
Title
Sulfation of the Human Cytomegalovirus Protein UL22A Enhances Binding to the Chemokine RANTES.
Journal
Related pathway
mmur04612 Antigen processing and presentation
KO pathway
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