Entry
Name
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis - Capra hircus (goat)
Description
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by a progressive degeneration of motor neurons in the brain and spinal cord. In 90% of patients, ALS is sporadic, with no clear genetic linkage. On the other hand, the remaining 10% of cases show familial inheritance, with mutations in SOD1, TDP43(TARDBP), FUS, or C9orf72 genes being the most frequent causes. In spite of such difference, familial ALS and sporadic ALS have similarities in their pathological features. Proposed disease mechanisms contributing to motor neuron degeneration in ALS are: impaired proteostasis, aberrant RNA processing, mitochondrial disfunction and oxidative stress, microglia activation, and axonal dysfunction.
Class
Human Diseases; Neurodegenerative disease
BRITE hierarchy
Pathway map
Ortholog table
Organism
Capra hircus (goat) [GN:
chx ]
Gene
102183643 NDUFV3; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein 3, mitochondrial isoform X2 [KO:K03944 ]
102177419 NDUFA1; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 1 [KO:K03945 ]
102177332 NDUFA2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 2 [KO:K03946 ]
102172091 NDUFA3; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 3 [KO:K03947 ]
102179638 NDUFA4L2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 4-like 2 [KO:K03948 ]
102187560 NDUFA5; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 5 [KO:K03949 ]
102171224 NDUFA6; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 6 [KO:K03950 ]
102176032 NDUFA7; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 7 [KO:K03951 ]
102168736 NDUFA8; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 8 [KO:K03952 ]
102179361 NDUFA9; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 9, mitochondrial [KO:K03953 ]
102181922 NDUFA10; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 10, mitochondrial [KO:K03954 ]
102181026 NDUFA11; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 11 [KO:K03956 ]
102187118 NDUFA13; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 13 [KO:K11353 ]
102189802 NDUFB1; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 1 [KO:K03957 ]
102174090 NDUFB2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 2, mitochondrial [KO:K03958 ]
102168216 NDUFB3; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 3 [KO:K03959 ]
102177927 NDUFB4; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 4 [KO:K03960 ]
102189432 NDUFB5; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 5, mitochondrial [KO:K03961 ]
102182696 NDUFB6; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 6 [KO:K03962 ]
102171860 NDUFB7; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 7 [KO:K03963 ]
100861349 NDUFB8; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 8, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K03964 ]
102188420 NDUFB9; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 9 isoform X1 [KO:K03965 ]
102168407 NDUFB10; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 10 [KO:K03966 ]
102188663 NDUFB11; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 11, mitochondrial [KO:K11351 ]
102190747 NDUFS2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 2, mitochondrial [KO:K03935 ] [EC:7.1.1.2 ]
102188065 NDUFS3; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 3, mitochondrial [KO:K03936 ] [EC:7.1.1.2 ]
102170635 NDUFS4; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 4, mitochondrial [KO:K03937 ]
102170016 NDUFS5; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 5 [KO:K03938 ]
102181207 NDUFS6; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 6, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K03939 ]
100860782 NDUFS7; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 7, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K03940 ] [EC:7.1.1.2 ]
102185248 NDUFS8; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 8, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K03941 ] [EC:7.1.1.2 ]
102186141 NDUFC1; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 subunit C1, mitochondrial [KO:K03967 ]
102183107 SDHA; succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein subunit, mitochondrial [KO:K00234 ] [EC:1.3.5.1 ]
102183195 SDHB; succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur subunit, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K00235 ] [EC:1.3.5.1 ]
102189176 SDHC; succinate dehydrogenase cytochrome b560 subunit, mitochondrial [KO:K00236 ]
100860881 SDHD; succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] cytochrome b small subunit, mitochondrial [KO:K00237 ]
102179296 cytochrome c oxidase subunit 4 isoform 2, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K02263 ]
102188434 cytochrome c oxidase subunit 4 isoform 1, mitochondrial [KO:K02263 ]
102187496 cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7A-related protein, mitochondrial [KO:K02270 ]
102171890 ATP5C1; ATP synthase subunit gamma, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K02136 ]
102178499 ATP5F1; ATP synthase F(0) complex subunit B1, mitochondrial [KO:K02127 ]
102180353 ATP5G3; ATP synthase F(0) complex subunit C3, mitochondrial [KO:K02128 ]
102168606 ATP5G2; ATP synthase F(0) complex subunit C2, mitochondrial [KO:K02128 ]
102168293 ATP5G1; ATP synthase F(0) complex subunit C1, mitochondrial [KO:K02128 ]
102173290 VDAC1; voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 1 [KO:K05862 ]
102189919 TOMM40L; mitochondrial import receptor subunit TOM40B [KO:K11518 ]
102172257 TOMM40; mitochondrial import receptor subunit TOM40 homolog [KO:K11518 ]
106502794 MAP1LC3A; microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3A [KO:K10435 ]
102175424 MAP1LC3C; microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3C [KO:K10435 ]
102185857 MAP1LC3B; microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3B [KO:K10435 ]
102185959 TANK; TRAF family member-associated NF-kappa-B activator isoform X3 [KO:K12650 ]
102191734 SMCR8; Smith-Magenis syndrome chromosomal region candidate gene 8 protein [KO:K23611 ]
102184456 AMBRA1; activating molecule in BECN1-regulated autophagy protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K17985 ]
102173093 ATG14; beclin 1-associated autophagy-related key regulator [KO:K17889 ]
102169649 ATG2A; autophagy-related protein 2 homolog A isoform X1 [KO:K17906 ]
102176171 ATG2B; autophagy-related protein 2 homolog B isoform X1 [KO:K17906 ]
102180716 WIPI2; WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K17908 ]
102179237 WIPI1; WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 1 [KO:K17908 ]
102173438 RAC1; ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04392 ]
102184062 FIG4; polyphosphoinositide phosphatase isoform X1 [KO:K22913 ] [EC:3.1.3.-]
102176770 PPP3CA; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2B catalytic subunit alpha isoform isoform X1 [KO:K04348 ] [EC:3.1.3.16 ]
102179767 PPP3CC; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2B catalytic subunit gamma isoform isoform X1 [KO:K04348 ] [EC:3.1.3.16 ]
102184033 PPP3CB; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2B catalytic subunit beta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K04348 ] [EC:3.1.3.16 ]
102183547 PSMD2; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 2 [KO:K03028 ]
102187906 PSMD1; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 1 [KO:K03032 ]
102176558 PSMD3; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 3 [KO:K03033 ]
102169405 PSMD9; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 9 isoform X1 [KO:K06693 ]
102183635 PSMD12; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 12 [KO:K03035 ]
102187430 PSMD11; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 11 [KO:K03036 ]
102180165 PSMD6; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 6 [KO:K03037 ]
102174773 PSMD7; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 7 [KO:K03038 ]
102181192 PSMD13; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 13 isoform X1 [KO:K03039 ]
102173623 PSMD4; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 4 isoform X1 [KO:K03029 ]
102185511 PSMD14; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 14 [KO:K03030 ]
102176723 PSMD8; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 8 [KO:K03031 ]
102177568 HNRNPA3; heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A3 isoform X1 [KO:K12741 ]
102187459 HNRNPA1; heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A1 isoform X1 [KO:K12741 ]
106503022 heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A1 isoform X1 [KO:K12741 ]
102172032 HNRNPA2B1; heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins A2/B1 isoform X1 [KO:K13158 ]
102177636 SRSF7; serine/arginine-rich splicing factor 7 isoform X1 [KO:K12896 ]
102177698 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: nuclear RNA export factor 3-like [KO:K14284 ]
102191442 NUP98; nuclear pore complex protein Nup98-Nup96 isoform X1 [KO:K14297 ]
102174276 NUP107; nuclear pore complex protein Nup107 isoform X1 [KO:K14301 ]
102172495 NUP210; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: nuclear pore membrane glycoprotein 210 [KO:K14314 ]
102182083 NUP210L; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: nuclear pore membrane glycoprotein 210-like [KO:K14314 ]
102185190 NUP214; nuclear pore complex protein Nup214 isoform X1 [KO:K14317 ]
102172632 E3 SUMO-protein ligase RanBP2 isoform X1 [KO:K12172 ] [EC:2.3.2.-]
106503062 CHCHD10; coiled-coil-helix-coiled-coil-helix domain-containing protein 10, mitochondrial [KO:K22759 ]
102176246 VAPB; vesicle-associated membrane protein-associated protein B/C [KO:K10707 ]
102184016 ATF6; cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-6 alpha [KO:K09054 ]
100861133 EIF2S1; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit 1 [KO:K03237 ]
102185072 ATF4; cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-4 [KO:K04374 ]
102190310 TNFRSF1A; tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 1A [KO:K03158 ]
102191447 TNFRSF1B; tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 1B [KO:K05141 ]
108636199 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: death domain-associated protein 6-like [KO:K02308 ]
106503205 HAP1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: huntingtin-associated protein 1 [KO:K04647 ]
102188822 DNAH3; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: dynein heavy chain 3, axonemal [KO:K10408 ]
102174801 DNALI1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: axonemal dynein light intermediate polypeptide 1 [KO:K10410 ]
102170421 DNAI1; dynein intermediate chain 1, axonemal isoform X1 [KO:K10409 ]
102189796 DNAI2; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: dynein intermediate chain 2, axonemal [KO:K11143 ]
102172085 SLC1A2; excitatory amino acid transporter 2 isoform X3 [KO:K05613 ]
102181789 GRIN1; glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1 isoform X1 [KO:K05208 ]
102177097 GRIN2C; glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2C isoform X1 [KO:K05211 ]
102182565 NRG1; pro-neuregulin-1, membrane-bound isoform isoform X1 [KO:K05455 ]
102185177 NRG2; pro-neuregulin-2, membrane-bound isoform isoform X1 [KO:K05456 ]
102168328 NRG3; pro-neuregulin-3, membrane-bound isoform isoform X1 [KO:K05457 ]
Compound
C04549 1-Phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3-phosphate
Reference
Authors
Brown RH, Al-Chalabi A
Title
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Webster CP, Smith EF, Shaw PJ, De Vos KJ
Title
Protein Homeostasis in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: Therapeutic Opportunities?
Journal
Reference
Authors
Valko K, Ciesla L
Title
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Mathis S, Goizet C, Soulages A, Vallat JM, Masson GL
Title
Genetics of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: A review.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Turner MR, Hardiman O, Benatar M, Brooks BR, Chio A, de Carvalho M, Ince PG, Lin C, Miller RG, Mitsumoto H, Nicholson G, Ravits J, Shaw PJ, Swash M, Talbot K, Traynor BJ, Van den Berg LH, Veldink JH, Vucic S, Kiernan MC
Title
Controversies and priorities in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Pasinelli P, Brown RH
Title
Molecular biology of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: insights from genetics.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Goodall EF, Morrison KE
Title
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (motor neuron disease): proposed mechanisms and pathways to treatment.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Smith EF, Shaw PJ, De Vos KJ
Title
The role of mitochondria in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Kodavati M, Wang H, Hegde ML
Title
Altered Mitochondrial Dynamics in Motor Neuron Disease: An Emerging Perspective.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Hervias I, Beal MF, Manfredi G
Title
Mitochondrial dysfunction and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Bacman SR, Bradley WG, Moraes CT
Title
Mitochondrial involvement in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: trigger or target?
Journal
Reference
Authors
Lin MT, Beal MF
Title
Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress in neurodegenerative diseases.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Bendotti C, Bao Cutrona M, Cheroni C, Grignaschi G, Lo Coco D, Peviani M, Tortarolo M, Veglianese P, Zennaro E
Title
Inter- and intracellular signaling in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: role of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Simpson EP, Yen AA, Appel SH
Title
Oxidative Stress: a common denominator in the pathogenesis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Bendotti C, Carri MT
Title
Lessons from models of SOD1-linked familial ALS.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Robertson J, Kriz J, Nguyen MD, Julien JP
Title
Pathways to motor neuron degeneration in transgenic mouse models.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Eve DJ, Dennis JS, Citron BA
Title
Transcription factor p53 in degenerating spinal cords.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Bahar E, Kim H, Yoon H
Title
ER Stress-Mediated Signaling: Action Potential and Ca(2+) as Key Players.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Bezprozvanny I
Title
Calcium signaling and neurodegenerative diseases.
Journal
Reference
Authors
von Lewinski F, Keller BU
Title
Ca2+, mitochondria and selective motoneuron vulnerability: implications for ALS.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Julien JP.
Title
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. unfolding the toxicity of the misfolded.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Hand CK, Rouleau GA
Title
Familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Barber SC, Mead RJ, Shaw PJ
Title
Oxidative stress in ALS: a mechanism of neurodegeneration and a therapeutic target.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Prasad A, Bharathi V, Sivalingam V, Girdhar A, Patel BK
Title
Molecular Mechanisms of TDP-43 Misfolding and Pathology in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Nguyen DKH, Thombre R, Wang J
Title
Autophagy as a common pathway in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Lee JK, Shin JH, Lee JE, Choi EJ
Title
Role of autophagy in the pathogenesis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Oakes JA, Davies MC, Collins MO
Title
TBK1: a new player in ALS linking autophagy and neuroinflammation.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Ramesh N, Pandey UB
Title
Autophagy Dysregulation in ALS: When Protein Aggregates Get Out of Hand.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Kunita R, Otomo A, Mizumura H, Suzuki-Utsunomiya K, Hadano S, Ikeda JE
Title
The Rab5 activator ALS2/alsin acts as a novel Rac1 effector through Rac1-activated endocytosis.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Hadano S, Kunita R, Otomo A, Suzuki-Utsunomiya K, Ikeda JE
Title
Molecular and cellular function of ALS2/alsin: implication of membrane dynamics in neuronal development and degeneration.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Ruffoli R, Bartalucci A, Frati A, Fornai F
Title
Ultrastructural studies of ALS mitochondria connect altered function and permeability with defects of mitophagy and mitochondriogenesis.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Menzies FM, Fleming A, Rubinsztein DC
Title
Compromised autophagy and neurodegenerative diseases.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Casterton RL, Hunt RJ, Fanto M
Title
Pathomechanism Heterogeneity in the Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Dementia Disease Spectrum: Providing Focus Through the Lens of Autophagy.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Lin G, Mao D, Bellen HJ
Title
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Pathogenesis Converges on Defects in Protein Homeostasis Associated with TDP-43 Mislocalization and Proteasome-Mediated Degradation Overload.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Hetz C, Mollereau B
Title
Disturbance of endoplasmic reticulum proteostasis in neurodegenerative diseases.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Xiang C, Wang Y, Zhang H, Han F
Title
The role of endoplasmic reticulum stress in neurodegenerative disease.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Hughes D, Mallucci GR
Title
The unfolded protein response in neurodegenerative disorders - therapeutic modulation of the PERK pathway.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Doyle KM, Kennedy D, Gorman AM, Gupta S, Healy SJ, Samali A
Title
Unfolded proteins and endoplasmic reticulum stress in neurodegenerative disorders.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Turner BJ, Atkin JD
Title
ER stress and UPR in familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Nishitoh H, Kadowaki H, Nagai A, Maruyama T, Yokota T, Fukutomi H, Noguchi T, Matsuzawa A, Takeda K, Ichijo H
Title
ALS-linked mutant SOD1 induces ER stress- and ASK1-dependent motor neuron death by targeting Derlin-1.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Walker AK, Atkin JD
Title
Stress signaling from the endoplasmic reticulum: A central player in the pathogenesis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Renaud L, Picher-Martel V, Codron P, Julien JP
Title
Key role of UBQLN2 in pathogenesis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Nguyen HP, Van Broeckhoven C, van der Zee J
Title
ALS Genes in the Genomic Era and their Implications for FTD.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Atkin G, Paulson H
Title
Ubiquitin pathways in neurodegenerative disease.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Kim JM, Billington E, Reyes A, Notarianni T, Sage J, Agbas E, Taylor M, Monast I, Stanford JA, Agbas A
Title
Impaired Cu-Zn Superoxide Dismutase (SOD1) and Calcineurin (Cn) Interaction in ALS: A Presumed Consequence for TDP-43 and Zinc Aggregation in Tg SOD1(G93A) Rodent Spinal Cord Tissue.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Benarroch EE
Title
Sigma-1 receptor and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Millecamps S, Julien JP
Title
Axonal transport deficits and neurodegenerative diseases.
Journal
Related pathway
chx04141 Protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum
chx04810 Regulation of actin cytoskeleton
KO pathway
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