KEGG   PATHWAY: mcoc05010
Entry
mcoc05010                   Pathway                                
Name
Alzheimer disease - Mastomys coucha (southern multimammate mouse)
Description
Alzheimer disease (AD) is a chronic disorder that slowly destroys neurons and causes serious cognitive disability. AD is associated with senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs). Amyloid-beta (Abeta), a major component of senile plaques, has various pathological effects on cell and organelle function. To date genetic studies have revealed four genes that may be linked to autosomal dominant or familial early onset AD (FAD). These four genes include: amyloid precursor protein (APP), presenilin 1 (PS1), presenilin 2 (PS2) and apolipoprotein E (ApoE). All mutations associated with APP and PS proteins can lead to an increase in the production of Abeta peptides, specfically the more amyloidogenic form, Abeta42. It was proposed that Abeta form Ca2+ permeable pores and bind to and modulate multiple synaptic proteins, including NMDAR, mGluR5 and VGCC, leading to the overfilling of neurons with calcium ions. Consequently, cellular Ca2+ disruptions will lead to neuronal apoptosis, autophagy deficits, mitochondrial abnormality, defective neurotransmission, impaired synaptic plasticity and neurodegeneration in AD. FAD-linked PS1 mutation downregulates the unfolded protein response and leads to vulnerability to ER stress.
Class
Human Diseases; Neurodegenerative disease
Pathway map
mcoc05010  Alzheimer disease
mcoc05010

Organism
Mastomys coucha (southern multimammate mouse) [GN:mcoc]
Gene
116073842  Adam10; disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 10 [KO:K06704] [EC:3.4.24.81]
116080989  Adam17; disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17 [KO:K06059] [EC:3.4.24.86]
116086086  App; amyloid-beta precursor protein isoform X1 [KO:K04520]
116070013  Nae1; NEDD8-activating enzyme E1 regulatory subunit [KO:K04532]
116102727  Apbb1; amyloid-beta A4 precursor protein-binding family B member 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04529]
116095814  glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase-like isoform X1 [KO:K00134] [EC:1.2.1.12]
116096692  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: uncharacterized protein LOC116096692 [KO:K00134] [EC:1.2.1.12]
116083881  glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase-like [KO:K00134] [EC:1.2.1.12]
116091871  glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase isoform X1 [KO:K00134] [EC:1.2.1.12]
116073280  Bace1; beta-secretase 1 [KO:K04521] [EC:3.4.23.46]
116086190  Bace2; beta-secretase 2 [KO:K07747] [EC:3.4.23.45]
116103492  Rtn3; reticulon-3 isoform X1 [KO:K20723]
116070976  Rtn4; reticulon-4 isoform X1 [KO:K20720]
116101985  Psenen; gamma-secretase subunit PEN-2 [KO:K06170]
116079629  Psen1; presenilin-1 [KO:K04505] [EC:3.4.23.-]
116104626  Psen2; presenilin-2 isoform X1 [KO:K04522] [EC:3.4.23.-]
116103641  Ncstn; nicastrin [KO:K06171]
116073639  putative gamma-secretase subunit APH-1C [KO:K06172]
116073800  gamma-secretase subunit APH-1B-like [KO:K06172]
116093433  Aph1a; gamma-secretase subunit APH-1A [KO:K06172]
116103790  Ide; insulin-degrading enzyme isoform X1 [KO:K01408] [EC:3.4.24.56]
116092944  Mme; neprilysin [KO:K01389] [EC:3.4.24.11]
116076902  Mapt; microtubule-associated protein tau isoform X1 [KO:K04380]
34682989  ND1; NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1 [KO:K03878] [EC:7.1.1.2]
34682993  ND2; NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2 [KO:K03879] [EC:7.1.1.2]
34683008  ND3; NADH dehydrogenase subunit 3 [KO:K03880] [EC:7.1.1.2]
34683011  ND4; NADH dehydrogenase subunit 4 [KO:K03881] [EC:7.1.1.2]
34683010  ND4L; NADH dehydrogenase subunit 4L [KO:K03882] [EC:7.1.1.2]
34683015  ND5; NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5 [KO:K03883] [EC:7.1.1.2]
34683016  ND6; NADH dehydrogenase subunit 6 [KO:K03884] [EC:7.1.1.2]
116103309  Ndufv1; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein 1, mitochondrial [KO:K03942] [EC:7.1.1.2]
116088857  Ndufv2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein 2, mitochondrial [KO:K03943] [EC:7.1.1.2]
116075130  Ndufv3; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein 3, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K03944]
116077484  Ndufa1; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 1 [KO:K03945]
116087026  Ndufa2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 2 [KO:K03946]
116101528  Ndufa3; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 3 [KO:K03947]
116098581  Ndufa4; cytochrome c oxidase subunit NDUFA4 [KO:K03948]
116076179  Ndufa4l2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 4-like 2 [KO:K03948]
116098636  Ndufa5; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 5 [KO:K03949]
116080991  NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 5-like [KO:K03949]
116076712  Ndufa6; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 6 [KO:K03950]
116076307  Ndufa7; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 7 [KO:K03951]
116090075  Ndufa8; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 8 [KO:K03952]
116099623  Ndufa9; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 9, mitochondrial [KO:K03953]
116088778  Ndufa10; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 10, mitochondrial [KO:K03954]
116102910  Ndufab1; acyl carrier protein, mitochondrial [KO:K03955]
116074922  Ndufa11; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 11 [KO:K03956]
116076188  Ndufa12; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 12 [KO:K11352]
116069436  Ndufa13; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 13 [KO:K11353]
116079733  Ndufb1; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 1 [KO:K03957]
116098773  Ndufb2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 2, mitochondrial [KO:K03958]
116088464  Ndufb3; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 3 [KO:K03959]
116085890  Ndufb4; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 4 [KO:K03960]
116095068  Ndufb5; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 5, mitochondrial [KO:K03961]
116095820  Ndufb6; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 6 [KO:K03962]
116069684  Ndufb7; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 7 [KO:K03963]
116103899  Ndufb8; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 8, mitochondrial [KO:K03964]
116082796  Ndufb9; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 9 isoform X1 [KO:K03965]
116077266  Ndufb10; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 10 [KO:K03966]
116073091  Ndufb11; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 11, mitochondrial [KO:K11351]
116089452  Ndufs1; NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase 75 kDa subunit, mitochondrial [KO:K03934] [EC:7.1.1.2]
116103359  Ndufs2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 2, mitochondrial [KO:K03935] [EC:7.1.1.2]
116090451  Ndufs3; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 3, mitochondrial [KO:K03936] [EC:7.1.1.2]
116083700  Ndufs4; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 4, mitochondrial [KO:K03937]
116096591  Ndufs5; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 5 [KO:K03938]
116083218  Ndufs6; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 6, mitochondrial [KO:K03939]
116075723  Ndufs7; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 7, mitochondrial [KO:K03940] [EC:7.1.1.2]
116103302  Ndufs8; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 8, mitochondrial [KO:K03941] [EC:7.1.1.2]
116102591  Ndufc2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 subunit C2 [KO:K03968]
116083193  Sdha; succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein subunit, mitochondrial [KO:K00234] [EC:1.3.5.1]
116096943  Sdhb; succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur subunit, mitochondrial [KO:K00235] [EC:1.3.5.1]
116103322  Sdhc; succinate dehydrogenase cytochrome b560 subunit, mitochondrial [KO:K00236]
116073180  Sdhd; succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] cytochrome b small subunit, mitochondrial [KO:K00237]
116082198  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit Rieske, mitochondrial [KO:K00411] [EC:7.1.1.8]
34683018  CYTB; cytochrome b [KO:K00412]
116074595  cytochrome c1, heme protein, mitochondrial [KO:K00413]
116073065  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 1, mitochondrial [KO:K00414]
116102887  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 2, mitochondrial [KO:K00415]
116096453  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 6, mitochondrial [KO:K00416]
116082347  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 7 [KO:K00417]
116077290  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 8 [KO:K00418]
116069534  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 9 isoform X1 [KO:K00419]
116075740  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 10 [KO:K00420]
34683006  COX3; cytochrome c oxidase subunit III [KO:K02262]
34682999  COX1; cytochrome c oxidase subunit I [KO:K02256] [EC:7.1.1.9]
34683002  COX2; cytochrome c oxidase subunit II [KO:K02261]
116092456  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 4 isoform 2, mitochondrial [KO:K02263]
116070294  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 4 isoform 1, mitochondrial [KO:K02263]
116071976  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 5A, mitochondrial [KO:K02264]
116088312  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 5B, mitochondrial [KO:K02265]
116100918  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6A2, mitochondrial [KO:K02266]
116068251  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6A1, mitochondrial [KO:K02266]
116101988  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6B1 [KO:K02267]
116101559  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6B2 isoform X1 [KO:K02267]
116082439  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6C [KO:K02268]
116100436  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7A1, mitochondrial [KO:K02270]
116080462  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7A-related protein, mitochondrial [KO:K02270]
116073347  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7A2, mitochondrial [KO:K02270]
116087988  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7B, mitochondrial [KO:K02271]
116071167  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7B2, mitochondrial [KO:K02271]
116083615  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7C, mitochondrial [KO:K02272]
116103484  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 8A, mitochondrial [KO:K02273]
116100960  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 8B, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02273]
116080263  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 8C, mitochondrial [KO:K02273]
116087380  Atp5f1a; ATP synthase subunit alpha, mitochondrial [KO:K02132]
116076143  Atp5f1b; ATP synthase subunit beta, mitochondrial [KO:K02133] [EC:7.1.2.2]
116098989  ATP synthase subunit gamma, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K02136]
116082579  ATP synthase subunit gamma, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02136]
116076583  Atp5f1d; ATP synthase subunit delta, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K02134]
116091503  Atp5f1e; ATP synthase subunit epsilon, mitochondrial [KO:K02135]
34683005  ATP6; ATP synthase F0 subunit 6 [KO:K02126]
116093578  Atp5pb; ATP synthase F(0) complex subunit B1, mitochondrial [KO:K02127]
116077055  Atp5mc1; ATP synthase F(0) complex subunit C1, mitochondrial [KO:K02128]
116090323  Atp5mc3; ATP synthase F(0) complex subunit C3, mitochondrial [KO:K02128]
116080645  Atp5mc2; ATP synthase F(0) complex subunit C2, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K02128]
116077859  Atp5pd; ATP synthase subunit d, mitochondrial [KO:K02138]
116086146  Atp5po; ATP synthase subunit O, mitochondrial [KO:K02137]
34683004  ATP8; ATP synthase F0 subunit 8 [KO:K02125]
116089853  Hsd17b10; 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase type-2 [KO:K08683] [EC:1.1.1.35 1.1.1.178]
116093017  Ppid; peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase D isoform X1 [KO:K05864] [EC:5.2.1.8]
116099029  voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 1 [KO:K05862]
116078655  Vdac1; voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 1 [KO:K05862]
116084380  Vdac2; voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 2 [KO:K15040]
116069012  Vdac3; voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K15041]
116094815  Slc25a31; ADP/ATP translocase 4 [KO:K05863]
116068035  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: ADP/ATP translocase 2-like [KO:K05863]
116068749  ADP/ATP translocase 2-like isoform X1 [KO:K05863]
116069234  Slc25a4; ADP/ATP translocase 1 [KO:K05863]
116091233  Slc25a5; ADP/ATP translocase 2 [KO:K05863]
116084704  Ppif; peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase F, mitochondrial [KO:K09565] [EC:5.2.1.8]
116069412  Lpl; lipoprotein lipase [KO:K01059] [EC:3.1.1.34]
116101770  Apoe; apolipoprotein E [KO:K04524]
116076429  Lrp1; prolow-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04550]
116103761  Fas; tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 6 [KO:K04390]
116099614  Tnfrsf1a; tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 1A [KO:K03158]
116103283  Fadd; FAS-associated death domain protein [KO:K02373]
116088467  Casp8; caspase-8 [KO:K04398] [EC:3.4.22.61]
116099518  Bid; BH3-interacting domain death agonist isoform X1 [KO:K04726]
116102663  calmodulin-like [KO:K02183]
116101711  Calm3; calmodulin-3 [KO:K02183]
116082411  calmodulin-4 [KO:K02183]
116069997  calmodulin-like [KO:K02183]
116079808  Calm1; calmodulin-1 [KO:K02183]
116079993  Calm2; calmodulin-2 [KO:K02183]
116073523  Calml4; calmodulin-like protein 4 isoform X1 [KO:K02183]
116081777  calmodulin-like protein 3 [KO:K02183]
116093830  Ppp3ca; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2B catalytic subunit alpha isoform isoform X1 [KO:K04348] [EC:3.1.3.16]
116084124  Ppp3cc; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2B catalytic subunit gamma isoform isoform X1 [KO:K04348] [EC:3.1.3.16]
116084832  Ppp3cb; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2B catalytic subunit beta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K04348] [EC:3.1.3.16]
116096012  Ppp3r2; calcineurin subunit B type 2 [KO:K06268]
116071362  Ppp3r1; calcineurin subunit B type 1 isoform X1 [KO:K06268]
116103467  Bad; bcl2-associated agonist of cell death isoform X1 [KO:K02158]
116098897  cytochrome c, somatic [KO:K08738]
116090342  cytochrome c, testis-specific [KO:K08738]
116075741  Apaf1; apoptotic protease-activating factor 1 [KO:K02084]
116096967  Casp9; caspase-9 [KO:K04399] [EC:3.4.22.62]
116069240  Casp3; caspase-3 [KO:K02187] [EC:3.4.22.56]
116103504  Chrm1; muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1 [KO:K04129]
116082298  Chrm3; muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3 [KO:K04131]
116090648  Chrm5; muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M5 [KO:K04133]
116102534  Grm5; metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 isoform X1 [KO:K04604]
116103624  guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(q) subunit alpha [KO:K04634]
116103465  Plcb3; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-3 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
116090695  Plcb2; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-2 isoform X1 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
116090998  Plcb1; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-1 isoform X1 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
116090999  Plcb4; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-4 isoform X1 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
116089804  Grin1; glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1 isoform X1 [KO:K05208]
116084963  Grin2a; glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A [KO:K05209]
116099710  Grin2b; glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2B [KO:K05210]
116078169  Grin2c; glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2C isoform X1 [KO:K05211]
116102223  Grin2d; glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2D isoform X1 [KO:K05212]
116099482  Cacna1c; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1C isoform X1 [KO:K04850]
116084337  Cacna1d; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1D isoform X1 [KO:K04851]
116102419  Cacna1f; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1F isoform X1 [KO:K04853]
116069682  Cacna1s; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1S [KO:K04857]
116102330  Chrna7; neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-7 [KO:K04809]
116075282  Mcu; calcium uniporter protein, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K20858]
116102969  Mapk3; mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
116073648  Mapk6; mitogen-activated protein kinase 6 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
116085641  Mapk1; mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
116090647  Ryr3; ryanodine receptor 3 isoform X1 [KO:K04963]
116099362  Itpr1; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04958]
116099798  Itpr2; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 2 [KO:K04959]
116075536  Itpr3; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 3 isoform X1 [KO:K04960]
116102951  Atp2a1; sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 1 [KO:K05853] [EC:7.2.2.10]
116068368  Atp2a2; sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 2 [KO:K05853] [EC:7.2.2.10]
116077667  Atp2a3; sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 3 isoform X1 [KO:K05853] [EC:7.2.2.10]
116103242  Atf6; cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-6 alpha isoform X1 [KO:K09054]
116069833  Xbp1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: X-box-binding protein 1 [KO:K09027]
116076417  Ddit3; DNA damage-inducible transcript 3 protein [KO:K04452]
116076830  Ern1; serine/threonine-protein kinase/endoribonuclease IRE1 isoform X1 [KO:K08852] [EC:2.7.11.1 3.1.26.-]
116099053  Eif2ak3; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2-alpha kinase 3 isoform X1 [KO:K08860] [EC:2.7.11.1]
116089826  Traf2; TNF receptor-associated factor 2 [KO:K03173] [EC:2.3.2.27]
116097922  Map3k5; mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 5 [KO:K04426] [EC:2.7.11.25]
116068848  Map2k7; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 7 isoform X1 [KO:K04431] [EC:2.7.12.2]
116085336  Mapk8; mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
116067982  Mapk10; mitogen-activated protein kinase 10 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
116076765  Mapk9; mitogen-activated protein kinase 9 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
116080060  Eif2s1; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit 1 [KO:K03237]
116076129  Atf4; cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-4 [KO:K04374]
116080102  Psma6; proteasome subunit alpha type-6 isoform X1 [KO:K02730] [EC:3.4.25.1]
116081974  Psma2; proteasome subunit alpha type-2 [KO:K02726] [EC:3.4.25.1]
116073836  Psma4; proteasome subunit alpha type-4 [KO:K02728] [EC:3.4.25.1]
116086864  Psma8; proteasome subunit alpha-type 8 [KO:K02731] [EC:3.4.25.1]
116091522  Psma7; proteasome subunit alpha type-7 [KO:K02731] [EC:3.4.25.1]
116093624  Psma5; proteasome subunit alpha type-5 [KO:K02729] [EC:3.4.25.1]
116102829  Psma1; proteasome subunit alpha type-1 [KO:K02725] [EC:3.4.25.1]
116080165  Psma3; proteasome subunit alpha type-3 isoform X1 [KO:K02727] [EC:3.4.25.1]
116077049  Psmb6; proteasome subunit beta type-6 [KO:K02738] [EC:3.4.25.1]
116090105  Psmb7; proteasome subunit beta type-7 [KO:K02739] [EC:3.4.25.1]
116078462  Psmb3; proteasome subunit beta type-3 [KO:K02735] [EC:3.4.25.1]
116096647  Psmb2; proteasome subunit beta type-2 [KO:K02734] [EC:3.4.25.1]
116084899  Psmb5; proteasome subunit beta type-5 [KO:K02737] [EC:3.4.25.1]
116079278  Psmb1; proteasome subunit beta type-1 [KO:K02732] [EC:3.4.25.1]
116093378  Psmb4; proteasome subunit beta type-4 [KO:K02736] [EC:3.4.25.1]
116097517  Psmc2; 26S proteasome regulatory subunit 7 [KO:K03061]
116079645  Psmc1; 26S proteasome regulatory subunit 4 [KO:K03062]
116101900  Psmc4; 26S proteasome regulatory subunit 6B [KO:K03063]
116084504  Psmc6; 26S proteasome regulatory subunit 10B [KO:K03064]
116090454  Psmc3; 26S proteasome regulatory subunit 6A [KO:K03065]
116076748  Psmc5; 26S proteasome regulatory subunit 8 [KO:K03066]
116085728  Psmd2; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 2 [KO:K03028]
116088686  Psmd1; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 1 [KO:K03032]
116077881  Psmd3; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 3 [KO:K03033]
116068387  Psmd9; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 9 [KO:K06693]
116077868  Psmd12; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 12 [KO:K03035]
116077281  Psmd11; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 11 [KO:K03036]
116084513  Psmd6; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 6 isoform X1 [KO:K03037]
116070128  Psmd7; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 7 isoform X1 [KO:K03038]
116101375  Psmd13; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 13 [KO:K03039]
116093388  Psmd4; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 4 isoform X1 [KO:K03029]
116090221  Psmd14; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 14 [KO:K03030]
116100325  Psmd8; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 8 [KO:K03031]
116091526  Adrm1; proteasomal ubiquitin receptor ADRM1 [KO:K06691]
116098557  Sem1; 26S proteasome complex subunit SEM1 [KO:K10881]
116073421  caspase-12 [KO:K04741] [EC:3.4.22.-]
116068288  Nos1; nitric oxide synthase, brain isoform X1 [KO:K13240] [EC:1.14.13.39]
116103425  Capn1; calpain-1 catalytic subunit [KO:K01367] [EC:3.4.22.52]
116068107  Capn2; calpain-2 catalytic subunit [KO:K03853] [EC:3.4.22.53]
116078527  Cdk5r1; cyclin-dependent kinase 5 activator 1 [KO:K11716]
116093213  Slc39a1; zinc transporter ZIP1 [KO:K14709]
116084823  Slc39a2; zinc transporter ZIP2 isoform X1 [KO:K14709]
116076237  Slc39a3; zinc transporter ZIP3 [KO:K14709]
116081410  Slc39a4; zinc transporter ZIP4 [KO:K14710]
116076451  Slc39a5; zinc transporter ZIP5 isoform X1 [KO:K14711]
116086926  Slc39a6; zinc transporter ZIP6 [KO:K14712]
116074256  Slc39a7; zinc transporter SLC39A7 [KO:K14713]
116093826  Slc39a8; zinc transporter ZIP8 [KO:K14714]
116079709  Slc39a9; zinc transporter ZIP9 [KO:K14715]
116088418  Slc39a10; zinc transporter ZIP10 isoform X1 [KO:K14716]
116077347  Slc39a11; zinc transporter ZIP11 isoform X1 [KO:K14717]
116091857  Slc39a12; zinc transporter ZIP12 [KO:K14718]
116090456  Slc39a13; zinc transporter ZIP13 isoform X1 [KO:K14719]
116084433  Slc39a14; zinc transporter ZIP14 isoform X1 [KO:K14720]
116079784  Slc11a2; natural resistance-associated macrophage protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K21398]
116097551  Cdk5; cyclin-dependent-like kinase 5 [KO:K02090] [EC:2.7.11.22]
116085894  Gsk3b; glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta isoform X1 [KO:K03083] [EC:2.7.11.26]
116104023  Casp7; caspase-7 [KO:K04397] [EC:3.4.22.60]
116104574  caspase-7-like [KO:K04397] [EC:3.4.22.60]
116093800  Dkk2; dickkopf-related protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K02165]
116101145  Dkk1; dickkopf-related protein 1 [KO:K02165]
116071230  Dkk4; dickkopf-related protein 4 [KO:K02165]
116082044  Wnt1; proto-oncogene Wnt-1 [KO:K03209]
116098605  Wnt2; protein Wnt-2 [KO:K00182]
116093560  Wnt2b; protein Wnt-2b isoform X1 [KO:K00182]
116077475  Wnt3; proto-oncogene Wnt-3 [KO:K00312]
116078862  Wnt3a; protein Wnt-3a [KO:K00312]
116096876  Wnt4; protein Wnt-4 [KO:K00408]
116099495  Wnt5b; protein Wnt-5b [KO:K00444]
116084455  Wnt5a; protein Wnt-5a isoform X1 [KO:K00444]
116088584  Wnt6; protein Wnt-6 [KO:K00445]
116099270  Wnt7a; protein Wnt-7a [KO:K00572]
116077324  Wnt7b; protein Wnt-7b isoform X1 [KO:K00572]
116103897  Wnt8b; protein Wnt-8b [KO:K00714]
116087814  Wnt8a; protein Wnt-8a [KO:K00714]
116078860  Wnt9a; protein Wnt-9a isoform X1 [KO:K01064]
116088586  Wnt10a; protein Wnt-10a isoform X1 [KO:K01357]
116079174  Wnt10b; protein Wnt-10b [KO:K01357]
116102613  Wnt11; protein Wnt-11 isoform X1 [KO:K01384]
116098622  Wnt16; protein Wnt-16 [KO:K01558]
116097454  Fzd1; frizzled-1 [KO:K02432]
116088479  Fzd7; frizzled-7 [KO:K02432]
116078405  Fzd2; frizzled-2 isoform X1 [KO:K02235]
116085420  Fzd3; frizzled-3 isoform X1 [KO:K02329]
116102539  Fzd4; frizzled-4 [KO:K02354]
116086824  Fzd8; frizzled-8 [KO:K02375]
116088518  Fzd5; frizzled-5 [KO:K02375]
116081996  Fzd6; frizzled-6 [KO:K02376]
116068468  Fzd10; frizzled-10 [KO:K02842]
116070947  Fzd9; frizzled-9 [KO:K02842]
116103296  Lrp5; low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5 [KO:K03068]
116099693  Lrp6; low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 6 [KO:K03068]
116075903  casein kinase I isoform X1 [KO:K08960] [EC:2.7.11.1]
116097159  Dvl1; segment polarity protein dishevelled homolog DVL-1 isoform X1 [KO:K02353]
116085718  Dvl3; segment polarity protein dishevelled homolog DVL-3 isoform X1 [KO:K02353]
116079062  Dvl2; segment polarity protein dishevelled homolog DVL-2 isoform X1 [KO:K02353]
116103835  Frat1; proto-oncogene FRAT1 [KO:K03069]
116100551  proto-oncogene FRAT1-like [KO:K03069]
116103836  Frat2; GSK-3-binding protein FRAT2 [KO:K03096]
116069938  Csnk2a2; casein kinase II subunit alpha' isoform X1 [KO:K03097] [EC:2.7.11.1]
116091160  Csnk2a1; casein kinase II subunit alpha [KO:K03097] [EC:2.7.11.1]
116074950  Csnk2b; casein kinase II subunit beta isoform X1 [KO:K03115]
116076684  Axin1; axin-1 isoform X1 [KO:K02157]
116076714  Axin2; axin-2 [KO:K04385]
116075850  Apc2; adenomatous polyposis coli protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K02085]
116086966  Apc; adenomatous polyposis coli protein isoform X1 [KO:K02085]
116073724  Ctnnb1; catenin beta-1 [KO:K02105]
116087233  Csnk1a1; casein kinase I isoform X1 [KO:K08957] [EC:2.7.11.1]
116076048  Kif5a; kinesin heavy chain [KO:K10396]
116086810  Kif5b; kinesin-1 heavy chain isoform X1 [KO:K10396]
116090151  Kif5c; kinesin heavy chain [KO:K10396]
116103373  Klc2; kinesin light chain 2 [KO:K10407]
116101752  Klc3; kinesin light chain 3 [KO:K10407]
116074836  Klc4; kinesin light chain 4 isoform X1 [KO:K10407]
116080751  Klc1; kinesin light chain 1 isoform X1 [KO:K10407]
116098456  tubulin alpha chain-like [KO:K07374]
116099526  Tuba8; tubulin alpha-8 chain [KO:K07374]
116099610  tubulin alpha-3 chain [KO:K07374]
116099794  tubulin alpha-3 chain [KO:K07374]
116082583  Tubal3; tubulin alpha chain-like 3 [KO:K07374]
116088942  tubulin alpha chain-like [KO:K07374]
116074272  Tubb4a; tubulin beta-4A chain [KO:K07375]
116074609  Tubb; tubulin beta chain [KO:K07375]
116075389  tubulin beta chain-like [KO:K07375]
116087298  Tubb6; tubulin beta-6 chain [KO:K07375]
116070367  Tubb3; tubulin beta-3 chain [KO:K07375]
116089797  Tubb4b; tubulin beta-4B chain [KO:K07375]
116091502  Tubb1; tubulin beta-1 chain [KO:K07375]
116075328  Ager; advanced glycosylation end product-specific receptor isoform X1 [KO:K19722]
116099791  Kras; GTPase KRas isoform X1 [KO:K07827]
116093530  Nras; GTPase NRas [KO:K07828]
116073820  Araf; serine/threonine-protein kinase A-Raf [KO:K08845] [EC:2.7.11.1]
116098774  Braf; serine/threonine-protein kinase B-raf isoform X1 [KO:K04365] [EC:2.7.11.1]
116099433  Raf1; RAF proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04366] [EC:2.7.11.1]
116073764  Map2k1; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 [KO:K04368] [EC:2.7.12.2]
116076013  Map2k2; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 2 isoform X1 [KO:K04369] [EC:2.7.12.2]
116093973  Nox1; NADPH oxidase 1 [KO:K08008]
116069354  cytochrome b-245 heavy chain [KO:K21421] [EC:1.-.-.-]
116102532  Nox4; NADPH oxidase 4 isoform X1 [KO:K21423] [EC:1.6.3.-]
116103403  Rela; transcription factor p65 isoform X1 [KO:K04735]
116093825  Nfkb1; nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit isoform X1 [KO:K02580]
116076938  Nos2; nitric oxide synthase, inducible isoform X1 [KO:K13241] [EC:1.14.13.39]
116070506  Ptgs2; prostaglandin G/H synthase 2 [KO:K11987] [EC:1.14.99.1]
116074547  Tnf; tumor necrosis factor isoform X1 [KO:K03156]
116097436  Il6; interleukin-6 [KO:K05405]
116090915  Il1a; interleukin-1 alpha [KO:K04383]
116090916  Il1b; interleukin-1 beta [KO:K04519]
116093601  Csf1; macrophage colony-stimulating factor 1 isoform X1 [KO:K05453]
116098998  Snca; alpha-synuclein [KO:K04528]
116080069  Eif2ak2; interferon-induced, double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase [KO:K16195] [EC:2.7.11.1]
116103881  Chuk; inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04467] [EC:2.7.11.10]
116069014  Ikbkb; inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit beta [KO:K07209] [EC:2.7.11.10]
116086280  Ikbkg; NF-kappa-B essential modulator isoform X1 [KO:K07210]
116101481  insulin-1 [KO:K04526]
116068825  Insr; insulin receptor isoform X1 [KO:K04527] [EC:2.7.10.1]
116088647  Irs1; insulin receptor substrate 1 [KO:K16172]
116068902  Irs2; insulin receptor substrate 2 [KO:K07187]
116068604  insulin receptor substrate 1-like [KO:K17445]
116089083  Irs4; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: insulin receptor substrate 4 [KO:K17446]
116096465  Pik3r3; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit gamma isoform X1 [KO:K02649]
116083721  Pik3r1; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K02649]
116069491  Pik3r2; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit beta [KO:K02649]
116095058  Pik3ca; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform isoform X1 [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
116097037  Pik3cd; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
116073929  Pik3cb; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
116101889  Akt2; RAC-beta serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
116104026  Akt3; RAC-gamma serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
116079779  Akt1; RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
116097015  Mtor; serine/threonine-protein kinase mTOR isoform X1 [KO:K07203] [EC:2.7.11.1]
116068139  Ulk1; serine/threonine-protein kinase ULK1 isoform X1 [KO:K21357] [EC:2.7.11.1]
116078838  Ulk2; serine/threonine-protein kinase ULK2 isoform X1 [KO:K08269] [EC:2.7.11.1]
116080067  Atg101; autophagy-related protein 101 [KO:K19730]
116090480  Atg13; autophagy-related protein 13 isoform X1 [KO:K08331]
116088140  Rb1cc1; RB1-inducible coiled-coil protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K17589]
116090484  Ambra1; activating molecule in BECN1-regulated autophagy protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K17985]
116077067  Becn1; beclin-1 isoform X1 [KO:K08334]
116071322  Becn2; beclin-2 [KO:K08334]
116073902  Pik3r4; phosphoinositide 3-kinase regulatory subunit 4 [KO:K08333] [EC:2.7.11.1]
116084614  Atg14; beclin 1-associated autophagy-related key regulator isoform X1 [KO:K17889]
116075000  Nrbf2; nuclear receptor-binding factor 2 isoform X1 [KO:K21246]
116086936  Pik3c3; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase catalytic subunit type 3 [KO:K00914] [EC:2.7.1.137]
116103443  Atg2a; autophagy-related protein 2 homolog A [KO:K17906]
116081190  Atg2b; autophagy-related protein 2 homolog B isoform X1 [KO:K17906]
116068694  Wipi2; WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K17908]
116079011  Wipi1; WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K17908]
Compound
C00027  Hydrogen peroxide
C00038  Zinc cation
C00070  Copper
C00076  Calcium cation
C00533  Nitric oxide
C00704  Superoxide
C01245  D-myo-Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate
C01319  Hg
C04549  1-Phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3-phosphate
C05981  Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate
C14818  Fe2+
C16514  Amyloid beta protein 40
C16515  Amyloid beta protein 42
C16845  Peroxynitrite
C19610  Manganese(2+)
C21011  [Protein]-N(epsilon)-(carboxymethyl)lysine
C21012  [Protein]-N(epsilon)-(carboxyethyl)lysine
C21013  [Protein]-pyrraline
C21014  [Protein]-pentosidine
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How does brain insulin resistance develop in Alzheimer's disease?
  Journal
Alzheimers Dement 10:S26-32 (2014)
DOI:10.1016/j.jalz.2013.12.004
Reference
PMID:26136647
  Authors
Bedse G, Di Domenico F, Serviddio G, Cassano T
  Title
Aberrant insulin signaling in Alzheimer's disease: current knowledge.
  Journal
Front Neurosci 9:204 (2015)
DOI:10.3389/fnins.2015.00204
Reference
PMID:20101724
  Authors
Funderburk SF, Marcellino BK, Yue Z
  Title
Cell "self-eating" (autophagy) mechanism in Alzheimer's disease.
  Journal
Mt Sinai J Med 77:59-68 (2010)
DOI:10.1002/msj.20161
Related
pathway
mcoc00190  Oxidative phosphorylation
mcoc03050  Proteasome
mcoc04020  Calcium signaling pathway
mcoc04140  Autophagy - animal
mcoc04141  Protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum
mcoc04210  Apoptosis
mcoc04310  Wnt signaling pathway
mcoc04910  Insulin signaling pathway
mcoc04933  AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications
KO pathway
ko05010   
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