Entry
Name
Tuberculosis - Homo sapiens (human)
Description
Tuberculosis, or TB, is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. One third of the world's population is thought to be infected with TB. About 90% of those infected result in latent infections, and about 10% of latent infections develop active diseases when their immune system is impaired due to the age, other diseases such as AIDS or exposure to immunosuppressive drugs. TB is transmitted through the air and primarily attacks the lungs, then it can spread by the circulatory system to other parts of body. Once TB bacilli have entered the host by the respiratory route and infected macrophages in the lungs, they interfere with phagosomal maturation, antigen presentation, apoptosis and host immune system to establish persistent or latent infection.
Class
Human Diseases; Infectious disease: bacterial
BRITE hierarchy
Pathway map
Disease
Organism
Homo sapiens (human) [GN:
hsa ]
Gene
10312 TCIRG1; V-type proton ATPase 116 kDa subunit a 3 isoform a [KO:K02154 ]
10332 CLEC4M; C-type lectin domain family 4 member M isoform 1 [KO:K06563 ]
1051 CEBPB; CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein beta isoform a [KO:K10048 ]
1054 CEBPG; CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein gamma [KO:K10049 ]
10892 MALT1; mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma translocation protein 1 isoform a [KO:K07369 ] [EC:3.4.22.-]
114609 TIRAP; toll/interleukin-1 receptor domain-containing adapter protein isoform a [KO:K05403 ]
1378 CR1; complement receptor type 1 isoform S precursor [KO:K04011 ]
1379 CR1L; complement component receptor 1-like protein precursor [KO:K04011 ]
1385 CREB1; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 1 isoform A [KO:K05870 ]
163688 CALML6; calmodulin-like protein 6 isoform 1 [KO:K02183 ]
208 AKT2; RAC-beta serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform 1 [KO:K04456 ] [EC:2.7.11.1 ]
2207 FCER1G; high affinity immunoglobulin epsilon receptor subunit gamma precursor [KO:K07983 ]
2209 FCGR1A; high affinity immunoglobulin gamma Fc receptor I isoform 2 precursor [KO:K06498 ]
2212 FCGR2A; low affinity immunoglobulin gamma Fc region receptor II-a isoform 1 precursor [KO:K06472 ]
2213 FCGR2B; low affinity immunoglobulin gamma Fc region receptor II-b isoform 1 precursor [KO:K12560 ]
2214 FCGR3A; low affinity immunoglobulin gamma Fc region receptor III-A isoform c precursor [KO:K06463 ]
2215 FCGR3B; low affinity immunoglobulin gamma Fc region receptor III-B isoform 2 precursor [KO:K06463 ]
22925 PLA2R1; secretory phospholipase A2 receptor isoform 1 precursor [KO:K06560 ]
23365 ARHGEF12; rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor 12 isoform 1 [KO:K07532 ]
23545 ATP6V0A2; V-type proton ATPase 116 kDa subunit a 2 [KO:K02154 ]
245972 ATP6V0D2; V-type proton ATPase subunit d 2 [KO:K02146 ]
26253 CLEC4E; C-type lectin domain family 4 member E isoform 1 [KO:K10059 ]
3108 HLA-DMA; HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DM alpha chain precursor [KO:K06752 ]
3109 HLA-DMB; HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DM beta chain precursor [KO:K06752 ]
3111 HLA-DOA; HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DO alpha chain precursor [KO:K06752 ]
3112 HLA-DOB; HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DO beta chain precursor [KO:K06752 ]
3113 HLA-DPA1; HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DP alpha 1 chain precursor [KO:K06752 ]
3115 HLA-DPB1; HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DP beta 1 chain precursor [KO:K06752 ]
3117 HLA-DQA1; HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DQ alpha 1 chain precursor [KO:K06752 ]
3118 HLA-DQA2; HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DQ alpha 2 chain precursor [KO:K06752 ]
3119 HLA-DQB1; HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DQ beta 1 chain isoform 2 precursor [KO:K06752 ]
3120 HLA-DQB2; HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DQ beta 2 chain isoform 2 precursor [KO:K06752 ]
3122 HLA-DRA; HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DR alpha chain precursor [KO:K06752 ]
3123 HLA-DRB1; major histocompatibility complex, class II, DR beta 1 precursor [KO:K06752 ]
3125 HLA-DRB3; major histocompatibility complex, class II, DR beta 3 precursor [KO:K06752 ]
3126 HLA-DRB4; major histocompatibility complex, class II, DR beta 4 precursor [KO:K06752 ]
3127 HLA-DRB5; major histocompatibility complex, class II, DR beta 5 precursor [KO:K06752 ]
317 APAF1; apoptotic protease-activating factor 1 isoform c [KO:K02084 ]
3313 HSPA9; stress-70 protein, mitochondrial precursor [KO:K04043 ]
3439 IFNA1; interferon alpha-1 precursor [KO:K05414 ]
3440 IFNA2; interferon alpha-2 precursor [KO:K05414 ]
3441 IFNA4; interferon alpha-4 precursor [KO:K05414 ]
3442 IFNA5; interferon alpha-5 precursor [KO:K05414 ]
3443 IFNA6; interferon alpha-6 precursor [KO:K05414 ]
3444 IFNA7; interferon alpha-7 precursor [KO:K05414 ]
3445 IFNA8; interferon alpha-8 precursor [KO:K05414 ]
3446 IFNA10; interferon alpha-10 precursor [KO:K05414 ]
3447 IFNA13; interferon alpha-13 precursor [KO:K05414 ]
3448 IFNA14; interferon alpha-14 precursor [KO:K05414 ]
3449 IFNA16; interferon alpha-16 precursor [KO:K05414 ]
3451 IFNA17; interferon alpha-17 precursor [KO:K05414 ]
3452 IFNA21; interferon alpha-21 precursor [KO:K05414 ]
3459 IFNGR1; interferon gamma receptor 1 isoform 1 precursor [KO:K05132 ]
3460 IFNGR2; interferon gamma receptor 2 isoform 2 precursor [KO:K05133 ]
3552 IL1A; interleukin-1 alpha precursor [KO:K04383 ]
3553 IL1B; interleukin-1 beta proprotein [KO:K04519 ]
3569 IL6; interleukin-6 isoform 1 precursor [KO:K05405 ]
3586 IL10; interleukin-10 isoform 1 precursor [KO:K05443 ]
3587 IL10RA; interleukin-10 receptor subunit alpha isoform 1 precursor [KO:K05134 ]
3588 IL10RB; interleukin-10 receptor subunit beta isoform 1 precursor [KO:K05135 ]
3592 IL12A; interleukin-12 subunit alpha isoform 4 precursor [KO:K05406 ]
3593 IL12B; interleukin-12 subunit beta precursor [KO:K05425 ]
3606 IL18; interleukin-18 isoform 1 precursor [KO:K05482 ]
3654 IRAK1; interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 1 isoform 1 [KO:K04730 ] [EC:2.7.11.1 ]
3684 ITGAM; integrin alpha-M isoform 2 precursor [KO:K06461 ]
3687 ITGAX; integrin alpha-X isoform 2 precursor [KO:K06462 ]
3689 ITGB2; integrin beta-2 isoform 1 precursor [KO:K06464 ]
387 RHOA; transforming protein RhoA isoform 1 precursor [KO:K04513 ]
3916 LAMP1; lysosome-associated membrane glycoprotein 1 precursor [KO:K06528 ]
3920 LAMP2; lysosome-associated membrane glycoprotein 2 isoform A precursor [KO:K06528 ]
3929 LBP; lipopolysaccharide-binding protein precursor [KO:K05399 ]
4046 LSP1; lymphocyte-specific protein 1 isoform 1 [KO:K14957 ]
4360 MRC1; macrophage mannose receptor 1 precursor [KO:K06560 ]
4615 MYD88; myeloid differentiation primary response protein MyD88 isoform 2 [KO:K04729 ]
4790 NFKB1; nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit isoform 2 proprotein [KO:K02580 ]
4800 NFYA; nuclear transcription factor Y subunit alpha isoform 1 [KO:K08064 ]
4801 NFYB; nuclear transcription factor Y subunit beta isoform b [KO:K08065 ]
4802 NFYC; nuclear transcription factor Y subunit gamma isoform 6 [KO:K08066 ]
50617 ATP6V0A4; V-type proton ATPase 116 kDa subunit a 4 [KO:K02154 ]
51561 IL23A; interleukin-23 subunit alpha precursor [KO:K05426 ]
51606 ATP6V1H; V-type proton ATPase subunit H isoform 1 [KO:K02144 ]
527 ATP6V0C; V-type proton ATPase 16 kDa proteolipid subunit c [KO:K02155 ]
5289 PIK3C3; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase catalytic subunit type 3 isoform 1 [KO:K00914 ] [EC:2.7.1.137 ]
533 ATP6V0B; V-type proton ATPase 21 kDa proteolipid subunit c'' isoform 1 [KO:K03661 ]
535 ATP6V0A1; V-type proton ATPase 116 kDa subunit a 1 isoform 1 [KO:K02154 ]
537 ATP6AP1; V-type proton ATPase subunit S1 precursor [KO:K03662 ]
5530 PPP3CA; protein phosphatase 3 catalytic subunit alpha isoform 1 [KO:K04348 ] [EC:3.1.3.16 ]
5532 PPP3CB; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2B catalytic subunit beta isoform isoform b [KO:K04348 ] [EC:3.1.3.16 ]
5533 PPP3CC; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2B catalytic subunit gamma isoform isoform 2 [KO:K04348 ] [EC:3.1.3.16 ]
5534 PPP3R1; calcineurin subunit B type 1 [KO:K06268 ]
5535 PPP3R2; calcineurin subunit B type 2 [KO:K06268 ]
572 BAD; bcl2-associated agonist of cell death [KO:K02158 ]
581 BAX; apoptosis regulator BAX isoform alpha [KO:K02159 ]
5868 RAB5A; ras-related protein Rab-5A isoform 1 [KO:K07887 ]
5869 RAB5B; ras-related protein Rab-5B isoform 1 [KO:K07888 ]
5878 RAB5C; ras-related protein Rab-5C isoform a [KO:K07889 ]
5894 RAF1; RAF proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform b [KO:K04366 ] [EC:2.7.11.1 ]
596 BCL2; apoptosis regulator Bcl-2 isoform alpha [KO:K02161 ]
5970 RELA; transcription factor p65 isoform 1 [KO:K04735 ]
5993 RFX5; DNA-binding protein RFX5 isoform 1 [KO:K08061 ]
5994 RFXAP; regulatory factor X-associated protein [KO:K08063 ]
637 BID; BH3-interacting domain death agonist isoform 2 [KO:K04726 ]
64127 NOD2; nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 2 isoform 1 [KO:K10165 ]
64170 CARD9; caspase recruitment domain-containing protein 9 isoform 1 [KO:K12794 ]
64581 CLEC7A; C-type lectin domain family 7 member A isoform a [KO:K10074 ]
6772 STAT1; signal transducer and activator of transcription 1-alpha/beta isoform alpha [KO:K11220 ]
7040 TGFB1; transforming growth factor beta-1 proprotein preproprotein [KO:K13375 ]
7042 TGFB2; transforming growth factor beta-2 proprotein isoform 2 preproprotein [KO:K13376 ]
7043 TGFB3; transforming growth factor beta-3 proprotein isoform 1 preproprotein [KO:K13377 ]
7096 TLR1; toll-like receptor 1 precursor [KO:K05398 ]
7097 TLR2; toll-like receptor 2 precursor [KO:K10159 ]
7099 TLR4; toll-like receptor 4 isoform A precursor [KO:K10160 ]
7132 TNFRSF1A; tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 1A isoform 1 precursor [KO:K03158 ]
718 C3; complement C3 preproprotein [KO:K03990 ]
7421 VDR; vitamin D3 receptor isoform VDRA [KO:K08539 ]
7879 RAB7A; ras-related protein Rab-7a [KO:K07897 ]
801 CALM1; calmodulin-1 isoform 2 [KO:K02183 ]
805 CALM2; calmodulin-2 isoform 2 [KO:K02183 ]
808 CALM3; calmodulin-3 isoform 1 [KO:K02183 ]
810 CALML3; calmodulin-like protein 3 [KO:K02183 ]
815 CAMK2A; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit alpha isoform 2 [KO:K04515 ] [EC:2.7.11.17 ]
816 CAMK2B; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit beta isoform 1 [KO:K04515 ] [EC:2.7.11.17 ]
817 CAMK2D; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit delta isoform 3 [KO:K04515 ] [EC:2.7.11.17 ]
818 CAMK2G; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit gamma isoform 7 [KO:K04515 ] [EC:2.7.11.17 ]
820 CAMP; cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide preproprotein [KO:K13916 ]
8625 RFXANK; DNA-binding protein RFXANK isoform a [KO:K08062 ]
8717 TRADD; tumor necrosis factor receptor type 1-associated DEATH domain protein [KO:K03171 ]
8767 RIPK2; receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 2 isoform 1 [KO:K08846 ] [EC:2.7.11.1 ]
8772 FADD; FAS-associated death domain protein [KO:K02373 ]
8844 KSR1; kinase suppressor of Ras 1 isoform 2 [KO:K14958 ]
8915 BCL10; B-cell lymphoma/leukemia 10 isoform 1 [KO:K07368 ]
9103 FCGR2C; Fc gamma receptor IIc (gene/pseudogene) [KO:K16824 ]
9114 ATP6V0D1; V-type proton ATPase subunit d 1 [KO:K02146 ]
91860 CALML4; calmodulin-like protein 4 isoform 1 [KO:K02183 ]
929 CD14; monocyte differentiation antigen CD14 precursor [KO:K04391 ]
972 CD74; HLA class II histocompatibility antigen gamma chain isoform a [KO:K06505 ]
9902 MRC2; C-type mannose receptor 2 precursor [KO:K06560 ]
Compound
C01194 1-Phosphatidyl-D-myo-inositol
C04549 1-Phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3-phosphate
C06124 Sphingosine 1-phosphate
C19190 Trehalose-6,6'-dibehenate
C21790 Mycobacterial trehalose dimycolate
G13105 Triacylated phosphatidyl-myo-inositol pentamannoside
G13106 Triacylated phosphatidyl-myo-inositol hexamannoside
G13108 Triacylated phosphatidyl-myo-inositol dimannoside
G13109 Tetraacylated phosphatidyl-myo-inositol dimannoside
G13112 Tetraacylated phosphatidyl-myo-inositol hexamannoside
G13113 Tetraacylated phosphatidyl-myo-inositol pentamannoside
G13115 Mannose-capped lipoarabinomannan
Reference
Authors
Saiga H, Shimada Y, Takeda K
Title
Innate immune effectors in mycobacterial infection.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Dheda K, Schwander SK, Zhu B, van Zyl-Smit RN, Zhang Y
Title
The immunology of tuberculosis: from bench to bedside.
Journal
Reference
Authors
van Crevel R, Ottenhoff TH, van der Meer JW
Title
Innate immunity to Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Torrelles JB, Azad AK, Henning LN, Carlson TK, Schlesinger LS
Title
Role of C-type lectins in mycobacterial infections.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Jo EK, Yang CS, Choi CH, Harding CV
Title
Intracellular signalling cascades regulating innate immune responses to Mycobacteria: branching out from Toll-like receptors.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Marakalala MJ, Graham LM, Brown GD
Title
The role of Syk/CARD9-coupled C-type lectin receptors in immunity to Mycobacterium tuberculosis infections.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Koul A, Herget T, Klebl B, Ullrich A
Title
Interplay between mycobacteria and host signalling pathways.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Torrelles JB, Schlesinger LS
Title
Diversity in Mycobacterium tuberculosis mannosylated cell wall determinants impacts adaptation to the host.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Briken V, Porcelli SA, Besra GS, Kremer L
Title
Mycobacterial lipoarabinomannan and related lipoglycans: from biogenesis to modulation of the immune response.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Baena A, Porcelli SA
Title
Evasion and subversion of antigen presentation by Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Flannagan RS, Cosio G, Grinstein S
Title
Antimicrobial mechanisms of phagocytes and bacterial evasion strategies.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Pieters J
Title
Mycobacterium tuberculosis and the macrophage: maintaining a balance.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Scherr N, Jayachandran R, Mueller P, Pieters J
Title
Interference of Mycobacterium tuberculosis with macrophage responses.
Journal
Indian J Exp Biol 47:401-6 (2009)
Reference
Authors
Reith W, LeibundGut-Landmann S, Waldburger JM.
Title
Regulation of MHC class II gene expression by the class II transactivator.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Rothfuchs AG, Bafica A, Feng CG, Egen JG, Williams DL, Brown GD, Sher A
Title
Dectin-1 interaction with Mycobacterium tuberculosis leads to enhanced IL-12p40 production by splenic dendritic cells.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Master SS, Rampini SK, Davis AS, Keller C, Ehlers S, Springer B, Timmins GS, Sander P, Deretic V
Title
Mycobacterium tuberculosis prevents inflammasome activation.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Shtrichman R, Samuel CE
Title
The role of gamma interferon in antimicrobial immunity.
Journal
Related pathway
hsa04612 Antigen processing and presentation
hsa04620 Toll-like receptor signaling pathway
hsa04621 NOD-like receptor signaling pathway
KO pathway