Entry
Name
Human immunodeficiency virus 1 infection - Phocoena sinus (vaquita)
Description
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) , the causative agent of AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome), is a lentivirus belonging to the Retroviridae family. The primary cell surface receptor for HIV-1, the CD4 protein, and the co-receptor for HIV-1, either CCR5 or CXCR4, are found on macrophages and T lymphocytes. At the earliest step, sequential binding of virus envelope (Env) glycoprotein gp120 to CD4 and the co-receptor CCR5 or CXCR4 facilitates HIV-1 entry and has the potential to trigger critical signaling that may favor viral replication. At advanced stages of the disease, HIV-1 infection results in dramatic induction of T-cell (CD4+ T and CD8+ T cell) apoptosis both in infected and uninfected bystander T cells, a hallmark of HIV-1 pathogenesis. On the contrary, macrophages are resistant to the cytopathic effect of HIV-1 and produce virus for longer periods of time.
Class
Human Diseases; Infectious disease: viral
BRITE hierarchy
Pathway map
psiu05170 Human immunodeficiency virus 1 infection
Ortholog table
Organism
Phocoena sinus (vaquita) [GN:
psiu ]
Gene
116750864 FBXW11; F-box/WD repeat-containing protein 11 isoform X1 [KO:K03362 ]
116761812 GNAI2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-2 isoform X1 [KO:K04630 ]
116749946 GNAI3; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha [KO:K04630 ]
116759318 GNAI1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-1 [KO:K04630 ]
116744142 guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(o) subunit alpha [KO:K04534 ]
116752953 PIK3CB; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K00922 ] [EC:2.7.1.153 ]
116752990 PIK3CA; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K00922 ] [EC:2.7.1.153 ]
116751286 PIK3CD; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K00922 ] [EC:2.7.1.153 ]
116750604 PIK3R1; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K02649 ]
116742613 phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit gamma [KO:K02649 ]
116751944 PIK3R2; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit beta [KO:K02649 ]
116754222 NFKB1; nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit isoform X1 [KO:K02580 ]
116747589 MAP2K1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 [KO:K04368 ] [EC:2.7.12.2 ]
116755414 GNAQ; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(q) subunit alpha [KO:K04634 ]
116751212 GNA11; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit alpha-11 [KO:K04635 ]
116740089 PLCG1; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase gamma-1 isoform X1 [KO:K01116 ] [EC:3.1.4.11 ]
116744707 PLCG2; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase gamma-2 [KO:K05859 ] [EC:3.1.4.11 ]
116761601 ITPR1; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04958 ]
116760890 ITPR2; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 2 isoform X1 [KO:K04959 ]
116761675 ITPR3; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 3 isoform X1 [KO:K04960 ]
116748386 CALML4; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: calmodulin-like protein 4 [KO:K02183 ]
116753887 PPP3CA; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2B catalytic subunit alpha isoform isoform X1 [KO:K04348 ] [EC:3.1.3.16 ]
116755228 PPP3CC; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2B catalytic subunit gamma isoform isoform X1 [KO:K04348 ] [EC:3.1.3.16 ]
116741444 PPP3CB; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2B catalytic subunit beta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K04348 ] [EC:3.1.3.16 ]
116755488 PPP3R2; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: calcineurin subunit B type 2 [KO:K06268 ]
116765202 NFATC1; nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04446 ]
116740306 NFATC2; nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 2 isoform X1 [KO:K17332 ]
116744362 NFATC3; nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 3 isoform X1 [KO:K17333 ]
116749495 NFATC4; nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 4 isoform X1 [KO:K17334 ]
116764574 GNB1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-1 [KO:K04536 ]
116739605 GNB2; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-2 [KO:K04537 ]
116760197 GNB3; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-3 [KO:K07825 ]
116753308 GNB4; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit beta-4 isoform X1 [KO:K04538 ]
116748817 GNB5; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit beta-5 isoform X1 [KO:K04539 ]
116748861 GNG2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-2 isoform X1 [KO:K07826 ]
116758798 GNG3; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-3 [KO:K04540 ]
116742043 GNG4; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-4 [KO:K04541 ]
116753058 GNG5; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-5 [KO:K04542 ]
116763781 guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-5-like [KO:K04542 ]
116743126 guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-5-like [KO:K04542 ]
116752047 GNG7; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-7 [KO:K04543 ]
116743417 GNG8; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-8 [KO:K04544 ]
116744006 guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-10-like [KO:K04545 ]
116755457 GNG10; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-10 [KO:K04545 ]
116759883 GNG11; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-11 isoform X1 [KO:K04546 ]
116756875 GNG12; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-12 [KO:K04347 ]
116740969 GNG13; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-13 [KO:K04547 ]
116759589 GNGT1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(T) subunit gamma-T1 [KO:K04548 ]
116745853 GNGT2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-T2 [KO:K04549 ]
116761737 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1-like [KO:K04392 ]
116760236 RAC2; ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 2 isoform X1 [KO:K07860 ]
116745822 RAC3; ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 3 isoform X1 [KO:K07861 ]
116756594 TNFRSF1B; tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 1B [KO:K05141 ]
116761621 MYD88; myeloid differentiation primary response protein MyD88 isoform X1 [KO:K04729 ]
116760244 TAB1; TGF-beta-activated kinase 1 and MAP3K7-binding protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04403 ]
116763460 TAB2; TGF-beta-activated kinase 1 and MAP3K7-binding protein 2 [KO:K04404 ]
116752236 STING1; stimulator of interferon genes protein isoform X1 [KO:K12654 ]
116760453 DNA dC->dU-editing enzyme APOBEC-3B-like isoform X1 [KO:K18750 ] [EC:3.5.4.-]
116760454 DNA dC->dU-editing enzyme APOBEC-3G-like isoform X1 [KO:K18750 ] [EC:3.5.4.-]
116740810 SAMHD1; deoxynucleoside triphosphate triphosphohydrolase SAMHD1 isoform X1 [KO:K22544 ] [EC:3.1.5.-]
116760562 TNFRSF1A; tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 1A [KO:K03158 ]
116739025 FASLG; tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 6 [KO:K04389 ]
116741753 FAS; tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 6 isoform X1 [KO:K04390 ]
116758073 CD3D; T-cell surface glycoprotein CD3 delta chain isoform X1 [KO:K06450 ]
116749538 CD247; T-cell surface glycoprotein CD3 zeta chain isoform X1 [KO:K06453 ]
116761841 BOLA class I histocompatibility antigen, alpha chain BL3-7-like isoform X1 [KO:K06751 ]
116761842 BOLA class I histocompatibility antigen, alpha chain BL3-7-like [KO:K06751 ]
116762854 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: BOLA class I histocompatibility antigen, alpha chain BL3-7-like [KO:K06751 ]
116751775 H-2 class I histocompatibility antigen, Q10 alpha chain-like isoform X1 [KO:K06751 ]
116743919 AP1G1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: AP-1 complex subunit gamma-1 [KO:K12391 ]
116749023 AP1G2; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: AP-1 complex subunit gamma-like 2 [KO:K12391 ]
116752899 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: G2/mitotic-specific cyclin-B1-like [KO:K05868 ]
116750525 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: G2/mitotic-specific cyclin-B1-like [KO:K05868 ]
116748147 CCNB3; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: G2/mitotic-specific cyclin-B3 [KO:K21771 ]
Compound
C01245 D-myo-Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate
C05981 Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate
Reference
Authors
Evans VA, Khoury G, Saleh S, Cameron PU, Lewin SR
Title
HIV persistence: chemokines and their signalling pathways.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Abbas W, Herbein G
Title
Plasma membrane signaling in HIV-1 infection.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Wu Y, Yoder A
Title
Chemokine coreceptor signaling in HIV-1 infection and pathogenesis.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Choi WT, Duggineni S, Xu Y, Huang Z, An J
Title
Drug discovery research targeting the CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4).
Journal
Reference
Authors
Vorster PJ, Guo J, Yoder A, Wang W, Zheng Y, Xu X, Yu D, Spear M, Wu Y
Title
LIM kinase 1 modulates cortical actin and CXCR4 cycling and is activated by HIV-1 to initiate viral infection.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Das SR, Jameel S
Title
Biology of the HIV Nef protein.
Journal
Indian J Med Res 121:315-32 (2005)
Reference
Authors
Roy N, Pacini G, Berlioz-Torrent C, Janvier K
Title
Mechanisms underlying HIV-1 Vpu-mediated viral egress.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Magadan JG, Bonifacino JS
Title
Transmembrane domain determinants of CD4 Downregulation by HIV-1 Vpu.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Kumar A, Herbein G
Title
The macrophage: a therapeutic target in HIV-1 infection.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Yokota S, Okabayashi T, Fujii N
Title
The battle between virus and host: modulation of Toll-like receptor signaling pathways by virus infection.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Sauter D, Kirchhoff F
Title
HIV replication: a game of hide and sense.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Altfeld M, Gale M Jr
Title
Innate immunity against HIV-1 infection.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Pasquereau S, Kumar A, Herbein G
Title
Targeting TNF and TNF Receptor Pathway in HIV-1 Infection: from Immune Activation to Viral Reservoirs.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Herbein G, Khan KA
Title
Is HIV infection a TNF receptor signalling-driven disease?
Journal
Reference
Authors
Kumar A, Abbas W, Herbein G
Title
TNF and TNF receptor superfamily members in HIV infection: new cellular targets for therapy?
Journal
Reference
Authors
Abbas W, Herbein G
Title
T-Cell Signaling in HIV-1 Infection.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Cummins NW, Badley AD
Title
Mechanisms of HIV-associated lymphocyte apoptosis: 2010.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Gougeon ML
Title
Apoptosis as an HIV strategy to escape immune attack.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Fevrier M, Dorgham K, Rebollo A
Title
CD4+ T cell depletion in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection: role of apoptosis.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Ross TM
Title
Using death to one's advantage: HIV modulation of apoptosis.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Hurley JH, Bonifacino JS
Title
Nef-arious goings-on at the Golgi.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Wonderlich ER, Leonard JA, Collins KL
Title
HIV immune evasion disruption of antigen presentation by the HIV Nef protein.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Laguette N, Bregnard C, Benichou S, Basmaciogullari S
Title
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type-1, HIV-2 and simian immunodeficiency virus Nef proteins.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Pereira EA, daSilva LL
Title
HIV-1 Nef: Taking Control of Protein Trafficking.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Sugden SM, Bego MG, Pham TN, Cohen EA
Title
Remodeling of the Host Cell Plasma Membrane by HIV-1 Nef and Vpu: A Strategy to Ensure Viral Fitness and Persistence.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Bagga S, Bouchard MJ
Title
Cell cycle regulation during viral infection.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Andersen JL, Planelles V
Title
The role of Vpr in HIV-1 pathogenesis.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Andersen JL, DeHart JL, Zimmerman ES, Ardon O, Kim B, Jacquot G, Benichou S, Planelles V
Title
HIV-1 Vpr-induced apoptosis is cell cycle dependent and requires Bax but not ANT.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Takaori-Kondo A, Shindo K
Title
HIV-1 Vif: a guardian of the virus that opens up a new era in the research field of restriction factors.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Malim MH
Title
APOBEC proteins and intrinsic resistance to HIV-1 infection.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Hultquist JF, Lengyel JA, Refsland EW, LaRue RS, Lackey L, Brown WL, Harris RS
Title
Human and rhesus APOBEC3D, APOBEC3F, APOBEC3G, and APOBEC3H demonstrate a conserved capacity to restrict Vif-deficient HIV-1.
Journal
Related pathway
psiu04141 Protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum
psiu04612 Antigen processing and presentation
psiu04620 Toll-like receptor signaling pathway
KO pathway
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