KEGG   PATHWAY: ocu05010
Entry
ocu05010                    Pathway                                
Name
Alzheimer disease - Oryctolagus cuniculus (rabbit)
Description
Alzheimer disease (AD) is a chronic disorder that slowly destroys neurons and causes serious cognitive disability. AD is associated with senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs). Amyloid-beta (Abeta), a major component of senile plaques, has various pathological effects on cell and organelle function. To date genetic studies have revealed four genes that may be linked to autosomal dominant or familial early onset AD (FAD). These four genes include: amyloid precursor protein (APP), presenilin 1 (PS1), presenilin 2 (PS2) and apolipoprotein E (ApoE). All mutations associated with APP and PS proteins can lead to an increase in the production of Abeta peptides, specfically the more amyloidogenic form, Abeta42. It was proposed that Abeta form Ca2+ permeable pores and bind to and modulate multiple synaptic proteins, including NMDAR, mGluR5 and VGCC, leading to the overfilling of neurons with calcium ions. Consequently, cellular Ca2+ disruptions will lead to neuronal apoptosis, autophagy deficits, mitochondrial abnormality, defective neurotransmission, impaired synaptic plasticity and neurodegeneration in AD. FAD-linked PS1 mutation downregulates the unfolded protein response and leads to vulnerability to ER stress.
Class
Human Diseases; Neurodegenerative disease
Pathway map
ocu05010  Alzheimer disease
ocu05010

Organism
Oryctolagus cuniculus (rabbit) [GN:ocu]
Gene
100101614  disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 10 isoform X2 [KO:K06704] [EC:3.4.24.81]
100101613  disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17 isoform X1 [KO:K06059] [EC:3.4.24.86]
100009546  APP; amyloid-beta precursor protein precursor [KO:K04520]
100350243  NEDD8-activating enzyme E1 regulatory subunit [KO:K04532]
100354159  amyloid beta precursor protein binding family B member 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04529]
100009074  GAPDH; glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase [KO:K00134] [EC:1.2.1.12]
100343442  beta-secretase 1 [KO:K04521] [EC:3.4.23.46]
100342092  beta-secretase 2 [KO:K07747] [EC:3.4.23.45]
127486849  beta-secretase 2-like [KO:K07747] [EC:3.4.23.45]
100358206  reticulon-3 isoform X1 [KO:K20723]
100338467  reticulon-4 [KO:K20720]
100347447  gamma-secretase subunit PEN-2 isoform X2 [KO:K06170]
100008886  presenilin-1 isoform X2 [KO:K04505] [EC:3.4.23.-]
100343671  presenilin-2 isoform X1 [KO:K04522] [EC:3.4.23.-]
100344741  nicastrin [KO:K06171]
100342209  gamma-secretase subunit APH-1A [KO:K06172]
100353867  gamma-secretase subunit APH-1B isoform X1 [KO:K06172]
100341888  insulin-degrading enzyme isoform X1 [KO:K01408] [EC:3.4.24.56]
100009251  MME; neprilysin [KO:K01389] [EC:3.4.24.11]
100344003  microtubule-associated protein tau isoform X1 [KO:K04380]
808226  ND1; NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1 [KO:K03878] [EC:7.1.1.2]
808230  ND2; NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2 [KO:K03879] [EC:7.1.1.2]
808221  ND3; NADH dehydrogenase subunit 3 [KO:K03880] [EC:7.1.1.2]
808225  ND4; NADH dehydrogenase subunit 4 [KO:K03881] [EC:7.1.1.2]
808222  ND4L; NADH dehydrogenase subunit 4L [KO:K03882] [EC:7.1.1.2]
808224  ND5; NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5 [KO:K03883] [EC:7.1.1.2]
808223  ND6; NADH dehydrogenase subunit 6 [KO:K03884] [EC:7.1.1.2]
127486372  NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein 1, mitochondrial [KO:K03942] [EC:7.1.1.2]
100358684  NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein 2, mitochondrial isoform X2 [KO:K03943] [EC:7.1.1.2]
103346740  NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein 3, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K03944]
100351141  NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 2 [KO:K03946]
100356593  NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 4-like 2 isoform X2 [KO:K03948]
100347823  cytochrome c oxidase subunit NDUFA4 [KO:K03948]
108175419  cytochrome c oxidase subunit NDUFA4-like [KO:K03948]
100348563  NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 5 [KO:K03949]
100349288  NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 6 isoform X1 [KO:K03950]
100352718  NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 7 [KO:K03951]
100347938  NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 8 [KO:K03952]
100352330  NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 9, mitochondrial [KO:K03953]
100342678  NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 10, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K03954]
100349320  acyl carrier protein, mitochondrial [KO:K03955]
100341993  acyl carrier protein, mitochondrial-like [KO:K03955]
100349642  NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 11 [KO:K03956]
100355529  NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 12 [KO:K11352]
103346555  NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 13 [KO:K11353]
103348994  NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 1 [KO:K03957]
127484881  NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 1-like [KO:K03957]
100350704  NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 2, mitochondrial [KO:K03958]
100354603  NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 3 [KO:K03959]
100345777  NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 4 [KO:K03960]
100339082  NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 5, mitochondrial [KO:K03961]
100347288  NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 6 [KO:K03962]
127488114  NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 7 [KO:K03963]
100346817  NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 8, mitochondrial [KO:K03964]
100008594  NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 9 isoform X1 [KO:K03965]
127486440  NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 9 isoform X1 [KO:K03965]
127486401  NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 10 [KO:K03966]
100339424  NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 11, mitochondrial [KO:K11351]
100341941  NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase 75 kDa subunit, mitochondrial [KO:K03934] [EC:7.1.1.2]
100352168  NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 2, mitochondrial [KO:K03935] [EC:7.1.1.2]
100355349  NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 3, mitochondrial [KO:K03936] [EC:7.1.1.2]
100344233  NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 4, mitochondrial [KO:K03937]
100342714  NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 5 [KO:K03938]
100345307  NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 6, mitochondrial [KO:K03939]
127490235  NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 6, mitochondrial-like [KO:K03939]
127486867  NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 8, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K03941] [EC:7.1.1.2]
103350693  NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 subunit C1, mitochondrial [KO:K03967]
100347545  NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 subunit C2 [KO:K03968]
100328584  SDHA; succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein subunit, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K00234] [EC:1.3.5.1]
100328585  SDHB; succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur subunit, mitochondrial [KO:K00235] [EC:1.3.5.1]
103350026  succinate dehydrogenase cytochrome b560 subunit, mitochondrial [KO:K00236]
100346169  succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] cytochrome b small subunit, mitochondrial [KO:K00237]
108175360  succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] cytochrome b small subunit, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K00237]
100341256  succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] cytochrome b small subunit, mitochondrial-like [KO:K00237]
100350787  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit Rieske, mitochondrial [KO:K00411] [EC:7.1.1.8]
100348135  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit Rieske, mitochondrial-like [KO:K00411] [EC:7.1.1.8]
808227  CYTB; cytochrome b [KO:K00412]
127486945  cytochrome c1, heme protein, mitochondrial [KO:K00413]
100347571  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 1, mitochondrial [KO:K00414]
100347143  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 2, mitochondrial [KO:K00415]
100356308  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 2, mitochondrial-like [KO:K00415]
100343982  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 6, mitochondrial isoform X2 [KO:K00416]
100337966  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 7 isoform X2 [KO:K00417]
100338219  UQCRQ; cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 8 [KO:K00418]
100358208  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 9 [KO:K00419]
100347864  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 9-like [KO:K00419]
103349485  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 10 [KO:K00420]
127485529  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 10 [KO:K00420]
808229  COX3; cytochrome c oxidase subunit III [KO:K02262]
808231  COX1; cytochrome c oxidase subunit I [KO:K02256] [EC:7.1.1.9]
808233  COX2; cytochrome c oxidase subunit II [KO:K02261]
100327269  COX4I1; cytochrome c oxidase subunit 4 isoform 1, mitochondrial precursor [KO:K02263]
100345745  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 4 isoform 2, mitochondrial [KO:K02263]
100346411  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 5A, mitochondrial [KO:K02264]
100343793  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 5B, mitochondrial [KO:K02265]
100341474  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6A2, mitochondrial [KO:K02266]
100341219  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6A2, mitochondrial [KO:K02266]
100327270  COX6A1; cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6A1, mitochondrial precursor [KO:K02266]
100346670  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6B1 [KO:K02267]
100355422  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6B1-like [KO:K02267]
100352363  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6C [KO:K02268]
100340645  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6C [KO:K02268]
108176887  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6C [KO:K02268]
100356756  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7A1, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K02270]
103349801  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7A2, mitochondrial [KO:K02270]
100358239  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7A-related protein, mitochondrial [KO:K02270]
100345955  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7A-related protein, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02270]
127484381  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7A2, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02270]
127484606  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7A2, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02270]
127492394  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7A2, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02270]
100353320  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7B, mitochondrial [KO:K02271]
100339628  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7B2, mitochondrial [KO:K02271]
100342996  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7B, mitochondrial [KO:K02271]
100357660  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7B, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02271]
100348984  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7B, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02271]
100356786  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7B, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02271]
108175479  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7C, mitochondrial [KO:K02272]
108177262  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7C, mitochondrial [KO:K02272]
108177708  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7C, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02272]
108178067  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7C, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02272]
100343255  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 8A, mitochondrial [KO:K02273]
100354254  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 8B, mitochondrial [KO:K02273]
100356563  ATP5F1A; ATP synthase subunit alpha, mitochondrial [KO:K02132]
100341772  ATP synthase subunit alpha, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02132]
100353514  ATP5F1B; ATP synthase subunit beta, mitochondrial [KO:K02133] [EC:7.1.2.2]
127487406  ATP synthase subunit beta, mitochondrial [KO:K02133] [EC:7.1.2.2]
100353292  ATP5F1C; ATP synthase subunit gamma, mitochondrial isoform X3 [KO:K02136]
127489209  ATP synthase subunit delta, mitochondrial [KO:K02134]
108175623  ATP5F1E; ATP synthase subunit epsilon, mitochondrial [KO:K02135]
808232  ATP6; ATP synthase F0 subunit 6 [KO:K02126]
100359144  ATP synthase F(0) complex subunit B1, mitochondrial [KO:K02127]
100351840  ATP5PB; ATP synthase F(0) complex subunit B1, mitochondrial [KO:K02127]
100354074  ATP synthase F(0) complex subunit B1, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02127]
100345365  ATP5MC1; ATP synthase F(0) complex subunit C1, mitochondrial [KO:K02128]
100351820  ATP5MC2; ATP synthase F(0) complex subunit C2, mitochondrial [KO:K02128]
100351492  ATP5MC3; ATP synthase F(0) complex subunit C3, mitochondrial [KO:K02128]
100343693  ATP synthase F(0) complex subunit C1, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02128]
100346750  ATP synthase F(0) complex subunit C2, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02128]
100344371  ATP5PD; ATP synthase subunit d, mitochondrial [KO:K02138]
100328815  ATP5PO; ATP synthase subunit O, mitochondrial [KO:K02137]
100350580  ATP5PF; ATP synthase-coupling factor 6, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K02131]
100339009  ATP synthase-coupling factor 6, mitochondrial [KO:K02131]
100350526  ATP synthase-coupling factor 6, mitochondrial [KO:K02131]
100344154  ATP synthase-coupling factor 6, mitochondrial [KO:K02131]
100344965  ATP synthase-coupling factor 6, mitochondrial [KO:K02131]
808228  ATP8; ATP synthase F0 subunit 8 [KO:K02125]
100342235  3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase type-2 [KO:K08683] [EC:1.1.1.35 1.1.1.178]
100340606  peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase D [KO:K05864] [EC:5.2.1.8]
100008751  VDAC1; voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 1 [KO:K05862]
100349506  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 1-like [KO:K05862]
100009473  VDAC2; voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 2 [KO:K15040]
100008752  VDAC3; voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 3 [KO:K15041]
100346477  ADP/ATP translocase 4 isoform X1 [KO:K05863]
100009414  SLC25A4; ADP/ATP translocase 1 [KO:K05863]
100349768  ADP/ATP translocase 1 [KO:K05863]
100356326  ADP/ATP translocase 2 [KO:K05863]
100337764  ADP/ATP translocase 2 [KO:K05863]
100342972  ADP/ATP translocase 2-like [KO:K05863]
100348057  ADP/ATP translocase 2-like [KO:K05863]
100354802  ADP/ATP translocase 2-like [KO:K05863]
100338362  peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase F, mitochondrial [KO:K09565] [EC:5.2.1.8]
100340171  LPL; lipoprotein lipase precursor [KO:K01059] [EC:3.1.1.34]
100009337  APOE; apolipoprotein E [KO:K04524]
100009547  prolow-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04550]
100008609  FAS; tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 6 precursor [KO:K04390]
100346106  tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 1A isoform X2 [KO:K03158]
100348477  caspase-8 [KO:K04398] [EC:3.4.22.61]
100355991  BH3-interacting domain death agonist [KO:K04726]
103345165  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: calmodulin-like protein 3 [KO:K02183]
100347856  calmodulin-like protein 3 [KO:K02183]
100354905  calmodulin-3 [KO:K02183]
100352392  CALM2; calmodulin [KO:K02183]
100350107  calmodulin-1 [KO:K02183]
100345526  calmodulin-like protein 4 isoform X1 [KO:K02183]
100356245  serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2B catalytic subunit gamma isoform isoform X1 [KO:K04348] [EC:3.1.3.16]
100009423  PPP3CA; protein phosphatase 3 catalytic subunit alpha [KO:K04348] [EC:3.1.3.16]
100009487  PPP3CB; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2B catalytic subunit beta isoform [KO:K04348] [EC:3.1.3.16]
100344533  calcineurin subunit B type 2 [KO:K06268]
100358587  bcl2-associated agonist of cell death [KO:K02158]
100357840  cytochrome c-like [KO:K08738]
100355084  cytochrome c [KO:K08738]
100341050  cytochrome c-like [KO:K08738]
100354468  cytochrome c-like [KO:K08738]
100357329  cytochrome c [KO:K08738]
100341515  cytochrome c-like [KO:K08738]
100353673  cytochrome c, testis-specific isoform X1 [KO:K08738]
100351037  cytochrome c-like [KO:K08738]
100341175  cytochrome c [KO:K08738]
103347723  cytochrome c-like [KO:K08738]
100354724  cytochrome c-like [KO:K08738]
108178730  cytochrome c-like [KO:K08738]
108177422  cytochrome c-like [KO:K08738]
108175836  cytochrome c, somatic-like [KO:K08738]
127483320  cytochrome c-like [KO:K08738]
103348383  apoptotic protease-activating factor 1 [KO:K02084]
100101592  caspase-9 isoform X1 [KO:K04399] [EC:3.4.22.62]
100008840  CASP3; caspase-3 [KO:K02187] [EC:3.4.22.56]
100346573  muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1 [KO:K04129]
100355313  muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3 [KO:K04131]
100342984  muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M5 [KO:K04133]
100340633  metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 isoform X1 [KO:K04604]
100340719  guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(q) subunit alpha [KO:K04634]
100348672  1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-2 isoform X4 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
100350395  1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-4 isoform X1 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
100341512  1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-1 isoform X2 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
103347536  1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-3 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
127486893  glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1 isoform X1 [KO:K05208]
100337889  glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A [KO:K05209]
100353266  glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2B isoform X1 [KO:K05210]
100356338  glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2C isoform X1 [KO:K05211]
103346363  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2D [KO:K05212]
100101555  CACNA1C; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1C [KO:K04850]
100327259  CACNA1D; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1D isoform X1 [KO:K04851]
100357261  voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1F [KO:K04853]
100009585  CACNA1S; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1S [KO:K04857]
100342986  neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-7 isoform X1 [KO:K04809]
100341372  calcium uniporter protein, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K20858]
100347345  mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
100348561  mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
100009545  RYR3; ryanodine receptor 3 [KO:K04963]
100009505  inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1 [KO:K04958]
100356806  inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 2 isoform X1 [KO:K04959]
100008939  inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 3 isoform X1 [KO:K04960]
100037716  ATP2A1; sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 1 [KO:K05853] [EC:7.2.2.10]
100354976  sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 3 isoform X2 [KO:K05853] [EC:7.2.2.10]
100038308  ATP2A2; sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 2 [KO:K05853] [EC:7.2.2.10]
100358536  cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-6 alpha [KO:K09054]
100339940  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: X-box-binding protein 1 [KO:K09027]
100357982  uncharacterized protein LOC100357982 [KO:K09027]
100338439  DNA damage-inducible transcript 3 protein [KO:K04452]
100357346  serine/threonine-protein kinase/endoribonuclease IRE1 isoform X1 [KO:K08852] [EC:2.7.11.1 3.1.26.-]
100354847  eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2-alpha kinase 3 [KO:K08860] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100340498  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 5 [KO:K04426] [EC:2.7.11.25]
103345313  dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 7 isoform X1 [KO:K04431] [EC:2.7.12.2]
100346929  mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
100342664  mitogen-activated protein kinase 9 isoform X2 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
100337999  mitogen-activated protein kinase 10 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
100339093  eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit 1 [KO:K03237]
100339383  cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-4 [KO:K04374]
100356829  proteasome subunit alpha type-6 isoform X2 [KO:K02730] [EC:3.4.25.1]
127487016  proteasome subunit alpha type-6-like [KO:K02730] [EC:3.4.25.1]
100355295  proteasome subunit alpha type-2 [KO:K02726] [EC:3.4.25.1]
100355217  proteasome subunit alpha type-2-like [KO:K02726] [EC:3.4.25.1]
100342159  proteasome subunit alpha type-4 [KO:K02728] [EC:3.4.25.1]
100338566  proteasome subunit alpha-type 8 [KO:K02731] [EC:3.4.25.1]
103347262  proteasome subunit alpha type-7 [KO:K02731] [EC:3.4.25.1]
100338247  proteasome subunit alpha type-5 isoform X2 [KO:K02729] [EC:3.4.25.1]
100352563  proteasome subunit alpha type-1 [KO:K02725] [EC:3.4.25.1]
100338517  proteasome subunit alpha type-3 [KO:K02727] [EC:3.4.25.1]
100342149  proteasome subunit beta type-6 [KO:K02738] [EC:3.4.25.1]
100349446  proteasome subunit beta type-7 [KO:K02739] [EC:3.4.25.1]
100351783  proteasome subunit beta type-3 [KO:K02735] [EC:3.4.25.1]
100348523  proteasome subunit beta type-2 [KO:K02734] [EC:3.4.25.1]
100338005  proteasome subunit beta type-5 isoform X1 [KO:K02737] [EC:3.4.25.1]
100343622  proteasome subunit beta type-1 [KO:K02732] [EC:3.4.25.1]
100328673  PSMB4; proteasome subunit beta type-4 [KO:K02736] [EC:3.4.25.1]
100352836  26S proteasome regulatory subunit 7 [KO:K03061]
100350591  26S proteasome regulatory subunit 4 [KO:K03062]
100355680  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: 26S proteasome regulatory subunit 4-like [KO:K03062]
100341658  26S proteasome regulatory subunit 6B [KO:K03063]
100353955  26S proteasome regulatory subunit 10B [KO:K03064]
100354000  26S proteasome regulatory subunit 6A [KO:K03065]
100349785  26S proteasome regulatory subunit 8 [KO:K03066]
100350916  26S proteasome regulatory subunit 8-like [KO:K03066]
100348082  26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 2 [KO:K03028]
103348902  26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 1 [KO:K03032]
100357166  26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 3 [KO:K03033]
100345290  26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 9 [KO:K06693]
100338269  26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 12 [KO:K03035]
100354630  26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 11 [KO:K03036]
100339067  26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 6 [KO:K03037]
100345232  26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 7 [KO:K03038]
100355264  26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 13 [KO:K03039]
100328669  PSMD4; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 4 [KO:K03029]
100339897  26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 14 [KO:K03030]
100353595  26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 8 [KO:K03031]
127490241  proteasomal ubiquitin receptor ADRM1 [KO:K06691]
108178368  26S proteasome complex subunit SEM1 [KO:K10881]
108176933  26S proteasome complex subunit SEM1-like [KO:K10881]
103350677  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: caspase-12 [KO:K04741] [EC:3.4.22.-]
100009243  NOS1; nitric oxide synthase, brain [KO:K13240] [EC:1.14.13.39]
100009089  calpain-1 catalytic subunit [KO:K01367] [EC:3.4.22.52]
100009092  CAPN2; calpain-2 catalytic subunit [KO:K03853] [EC:3.4.22.53]
100351850  cyclin-dependent kinase 5 activator 1 [KO:K11716]
100351343  zinc transporter ZIP2 isoform X1 [KO:K14709]
100358698  zinc transporter ZIP1 [KO:K14709]
100343963  zinc transporter ZIP5 isoform X1 [KO:K14711]
127487394  zinc transporter ZIP5-like isoform X1 [KO:K14711]
100352412  zinc transporter ZIP6 [KO:K14712]
100338910  zinc transporter SLC39A7 isoform X1 [KO:K14713]
100351178  metal cation symporter ZIP8 isoform X1 [KO:K14714]
100340705  zinc transporter ZIP9 isoform X1 [KO:K14715]
100346706  zinc transporter ZIP10 [KO:K14716]
100355972  zinc transporter ZIP11 isoform X7 [KO:K14717]
100346557  zinc transporter ZIP12 isoform X1 [KO:K14718]
100353585  zinc transporter ZIP13 isoform X1 [KO:K14719]
100353576  metal cation symporter ZIP14 isoform X1 [KO:K14720]
100342532  natural resistance-associated macrophage protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K21398]
100352775  cyclin-dependent kinase 5 [KO:K02090] [EC:2.7.11.22]
127488313  cyclin-dependent kinase 5 [KO:K02090] [EC:2.7.11.22]
100348842  glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta isoform X1 [KO:K03083] [EC:2.7.11.26]
100101591  caspase-7 [KO:K04397] [EC:3.4.22.60]
100340336  dickkopf-related protein 2 [KO:K02165]
100009504  DKK1; dickkopf-related protein 1 precursor [KO:K02165]
100356145  dickkopf-related protein 4 [KO:K02165]
100354018  proto-oncogene Wnt-1 isoform X1 [KO:K03209]
100126569  WNT2; protein Wnt-2 precursor [KO:K00182]
100349847  protein Wnt-2b isoform X1 [KO:K00182]
100009033  proto-oncogene Wnt-3 isoform X1 [KO:K00312]
100354583  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: protein Wnt-3a [KO:K00312]
100303773  protein Wnt-4 isoform X2 [KO:K00408]
100009381  WNT5A; protein Wnt-5a precursor [KO:K00444]
100349579  protein Wnt-5b [KO:K00444]
100348986  protein Wnt-6 [KO:K00445]
100355697  protein Wnt-7a [KO:K00572]
100342870  protein Wnt-8a [KO:K00714]
100357933  protein Wnt-8b isoform X1 [KO:K00714]
100353559  protein Wnt-9b [KO:K01064]
100352227  protein Wnt-9a [KO:K01064]
100351316  protein Wnt-10b [KO:K01357]
100352839  protein Wnt-10a [KO:K01357]
100009030  WNT11; protein Wnt-11 [KO:K01384]
100353090  protein Wnt-16 [KO:K01558]
103348917  frizzled-7 [KO:K02432]
100356368  frizzled-1 [KO:K02432]
100350521  frizzled-2 [KO:K02235]
100339544  frizzled-3 isoform X1 [KO:K02329]
100342099  frizzled-4 [KO:K02354]
103352372  frizzled-8 [KO:K02375]
100352919  frizzled-5 [KO:K02375]
100344394  frizzled-6 [KO:K02376]
100345803  frizzled-9 [KO:K02842]
100009566  low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5 isoform X1 [KO:K03068]
100352000  low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 6 isoform X1 [KO:K03068]
100341681  casein kinase I isoform X1 [KO:K08960] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100358367  segment polarity protein dishevelled homolog DVL-3 [KO:K02353]
100339336  segment polarity protein dishevelled homolog DVL-2 isoform X2 [KO:K02353]
127489271  segment polarity protein dishevelled homolog DVL-1 isoform X1 [KO:K02353]
103351400  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: proto-oncogene FRAT1 [KO:K03069]
108178409  GSK-3-binding protein FRAT2 [KO:K03096]
100301533  CSNK2A1; casein kinase II subunit alpha [KO:K03097] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100337973  casein kinase II subunit alpha' isoform X1 [KO:K03097] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100301531  CSNK2B; casein kinase II subunit beta [KO:K03115]
100348127  axin-1 isoform X1 [KO:K02157]
100339765  axin-2 [KO:K04385]
100353976  adenomatous polyposis coli protein isoform X1 [KO:K02085]
103346018  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: adenomatous polyposis coli protein 2 [KO:K02085]
127485674  adenomatous polyposis coli protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K02085]
100125985  catenin beta-1 [KO:K02105]
100352479  casein kinase I [KO:K08957] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100009227  CSNK1A1; casein kinase I isoform alpha [KO:K08957] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100356196  casein kinase I-like [KO:K08957] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100337904  casein kinase I-like [KO:K08957] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100345503  casein kinase I-like [KO:K08957] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100348581  casein kinase I-like [KO:K08957] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100352693  kinesin-1 heavy chain isoform X1 [KO:K10396]
100339597  kinesin heavy chain isoform X2 [KO:K10396]
100348141  kinesin heavy chain [KO:K10396]
100354735  kinesin light chain 1 isoform X1 [KO:K10407]
100353930  kinesin light chain 4 isoform X1 [KO:K10407]
127489739  kinesin light chain 2 isoform X1 [KO:K10407]
100348075  tubulin alpha-1B chain [KO:K07374]
100350046  tubulin alpha-3 chain [KO:K07374]
100353478  tubulin alpha chain-like 3 isoform X1 [KO:K07374]
100355248  tubulin alpha-8 chain [KO:K07374]
100349209  tubulin alpha-3 chain [KO:K07374]
100350967  tubulin alpha-3 chain [KO:K07374]
100350027  tubulin alpha-3 chain [KO:K07374]
100346652  tubulin alpha-1C chain [KO:K07374]
100009327  TUBA1B; tubulin alpha-1B chain [KO:K07374]
100340483  tubulin alpha-1A chain [KO:K07374]
100357567  tubulin alpha-1C chain [KO:K07374]
100354352  tubulin alpha-4A chain isoform X2 [KO:K07374]
100340939  tubulin alpha-8 chain-like isoform X1 [KO:K07374]
100350045  tubulin beta-2A chain isoform X1 [KO:K07375]
100349792  tubulin beta-2A chain isoform X1 [KO:K07375]
100347858  tubulin beta-1 chain [KO:K07375]
100350252  tubulin beta-6 chain isoform X1 [KO:K07375]
100341581  tubulin beta-3 chain [KO:K07375]
100358689  tubulin beta chain [KO:K07375]
100348290  tubulin beta-4A chain [KO:K07375]
127488679  tubulin beta-4B chain [KO:K07375]
100343142  advanced glycosylation end product-specific receptor isoform X1 [KO:K19722]
127493058  advanced glycosylation end product-specific receptor-like isoform X1 [KO:K19722]
127486605  GTPase HRas isoform X1 [KO:K02833]
100347487  GTPase KRas isoform X1 [KO:K07827]
127489236  GTPase KRas-like [KO:K07827]
100344241  GTPase NRas [KO:K07828]
100340437  serine/threonine-protein kinase A-Raf [KO:K08845] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100351964  serine/threonine-protein kinase B-raf isoform X6 [KO:K04365] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100347407  RAF proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04366] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100009316  MAP2K1; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 [KO:K04368] [EC:2.7.12.2]
127489461  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1-like [KO:K04368] [EC:2.7.12.2]
100008852  NADPH oxidase 1 [KO:K08008]
100008801  CYBB; cytochrome b-245 heavy chain [KO:K21421] [EC:1.-.-.-]
100339697  NADPH oxidase 4 isoform X1 [KO:K21423] [EC:1.6.3.-]
127485184  transcription factor p65 isoform X1 [KO:K04735]
100349426  nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit isoform X1 [KO:K02580]
100008833  nitric oxide synthase, inducible isoform X1 [KO:K13241] [EC:1.14.13.39]
100009248  PTGS2; prostaglandin G/H synthase 2 precursor [KO:K11987] [EC:1.14.99.1]
100009088  TNF; tumor necrosis factor precursor [KO:K03156]
100008733  IL6; interleukin-6 precursor [KO:K05405]
100009250  IL1A; interleukin-1 alpha [KO:K04383]
100008990  IL1B; interleukin-1 beta precursor [KO:K04519]
100338577  macrophage colony-stimulating factor 1 isoform X1 [KO:K05453]
100359228  alpha-synuclein isoform X2 [KO:K04528]
100009013  EIF2AK2; interferon-induced, double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase [KO:K16195] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100355888  inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04467] [EC:2.7.11.10]
100356401  inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit beta isoform X5 [KO:K07209] [EC:2.7.11.10]
100328905  IKBKG; NF-kappa-B essential modulator [KO:K07210]
100008911  insulin receptor isoform X1 [KO:K04527] [EC:2.7.10.1]
100339981  insulin receptor substrate 1 [KO:K16172]
103349113  insulin receptor substrate 2 [KO:K07187]
100339305  insulin receptor substrate 1 [KO:K17445]
103351932  insulin receptor substrate 4 [KO:K17446]
100357841  phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K02649]
100345250  phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit gamma isoform X1 [KO:K02649]
100348663  phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
100345181  phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
100337822  phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
100342852  RAC-beta serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100353706  RAC-gamma serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
127486116  RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100356164  serine/threonine-protein kinase mTOR [KO:K07203] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100350803  serine/threonine-protein kinase ULK1 isoform X1 [KO:K21357] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100353118  serine/threonine-protein kinase ULK2 isoform X2 [KO:K08269] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100350240  autophagy-related protein 101 [KO:K19730]
100350226  autophagy-related protein 13 isoform X6 [KO:K08331]
100351898  RB1-inducible coiled-coil protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K17589]
100349558  activating molecule in BECN1-regulated autophagy protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K17985]
100354712  beclin-2 [KO:K08334]
100352353  beclin-1 isoform X1 [KO:K08334]
100344446  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: beclin-1-like [KO:K08334]
100343824  phosphoinositide 3-kinase regulatory subunit 4 [KO:K08333] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100357931  beclin 1-associated autophagy-related key regulator [KO:K17889]
100350840  nuclear receptor-binding factor 2 isoform X1 [KO:K21246]
100356448  phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase catalytic subunit type 3 isoform X1 [KO:K00914] [EC:2.7.1.137]
100339862  autophagy-related protein 2 homolog B [KO:K17906]
103346157  autophagy-related protein 2 homolog A isoform X1 [KO:K17906]
100352881  WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K17908]
100340527  WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 1 [KO:K17908]
Compound
C00027  Hydrogen peroxide
C00038  Zinc cation
C00070  Copper
C00076  Calcium cation
C00533  Nitric oxide
C00704  Superoxide
C01245  D-myo-Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate
C01319  Hg
C04549  1-Phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3-phosphate
C05981  Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate
C14818  Fe2+
C16514  Amyloid beta protein 40
C16515  Amyloid beta protein 42
C16845  Peroxynitrite
C19610  Manganese(2+)
C21011  [Protein]-N(epsilon)-(carboxymethyl)lysine
C21012  [Protein]-N(epsilon)-(carboxyethyl)lysine
C21013  [Protein]-pyrraline
C21014  [Protein]-pentosidine
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DOI:10.1007/s00401-004-0952-x
Reference
PMID:26074767
  Authors
Ferreira ST, Lourenco MV, Oliveira MM, De Felice FG
  Title
Soluble amyloid-beta oligomers as synaptotoxins leading to cognitive impairment in Alzheimer's disease.
  Journal
Front Cell Neurosci 9:191 (2015)
DOI:10.3389/fncel.2015.00191
Reference
PMID:24529521
  Authors
De Felice FG, Lourenco MV, Ferreira ST
  Title
How does brain insulin resistance develop in Alzheimer's disease?
  Journal
Alzheimers Dement 10:S26-32 (2014)
DOI:10.1016/j.jalz.2013.12.004
Reference
PMID:26136647
  Authors
Bedse G, Di Domenico F, Serviddio G, Cassano T
  Title
Aberrant insulin signaling in Alzheimer's disease: current knowledge.
  Journal
Front Neurosci 9:204 (2015)
DOI:10.3389/fnins.2015.00204
Reference
PMID:20101724
  Authors
Funderburk SF, Marcellino BK, Yue Z
  Title
Cell "self-eating" (autophagy) mechanism in Alzheimer's disease.
  Journal
Mt Sinai J Med 77:59-68 (2010)
DOI:10.1002/msj.20161
Related
pathway
ocu00190  Oxidative phosphorylation
ocu03050  Proteasome
ocu04020  Calcium signaling pathway
ocu04140  Autophagy - animal
ocu04141  Protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum
ocu04210  Apoptosis
ocu04310  Wnt signaling pathway
ocu04910  Insulin signaling pathway
ocu04933  AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications
KO pathway
ko05010   
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