Entry
Name
Human cytomegalovirus infection - Pongo abelii (Sumatran orangutan)
Description
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is an enveloped, double-stranded DNA virus that is a member of beta-herpesvirus family. HCMV is best known for causing significant morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised populations. As with other herpesviruses, HCMV gB and gH/gL envelope glycoproteins are essential for virus entry. HCMV gB could activate the PDGFRA, and induce activation of the oncogenic PI3-K/AKT pathway. Though it is unlikely that HCMV by itself can act as an oncogenic factor, HCMV may have an oncomodulatory role, to catalyze an oncogenic process that has already been initiated. US28, one of the four HCMV-encoded vGPCRs (US27, US28, UL33 and UL78), also has a specific role in the oncomodulatory properties. In addition, HCMV has developed numerous mechanisms for manipulating the host immune system. The virally encoded US2, US3, US6 and US11 gene products all interfere with major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I antigen presentation. HCMV encodes several immediate early (IE) antiapoptotic proteins (IE1, IE2, vMIA and vICA). These proteins might avoid immune clearance of infected tumor cells by cytotoxic lymphocytes and NK cells.
Class
Human Diseases; Infectious disease: viral
BRITE hierarchy
Pathway map
pon05163 Human cytomegalovirus infection
Ortholog table
Organism
Pongo abelii (Sumatran orangutan) [GN:
pon ]
Gene
100432846 PIK3CB; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K00922 ] [EC:2.7.1.153 ]
100453779 PIK3CA; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K00922 ] [EC:2.7.1.153 ]
103889133 PIK3CD; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K00922 ] [EC:2.7.1.153 ]
100174298 PIK3R3; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit gamma [KO:K02649 ]
100173589 PIK3R1; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit alpha [KO:K02649 ]
100437617 PIK3R2; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit beta [KO:K02649 ]
100455169 EIF4EBP1; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1 [KO:K07205 ]
100461595 NFKB1; nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit isoform X1 [KO:K02580 ]
112129584 RAC3; ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 3 isoform X1 [KO:K07861 ]
100438667 TNFRSF1A; tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 1A [KO:K03158 ]
100442719 TRADD; tumor necrosis factor receptor type 1-associated DEATH domain protein isoform X1 [KO:K03171 ]
100173664 GNB1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-1 [KO:K04536 ]
100458183 GNB2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-2 isoform X1 [KO:K04537 ]
100453483 GNB3; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-3 isoform X2 [KO:K07825 ]
100455858 GNB4; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit beta-4 [KO:K04538 ]
100171833 GNB5; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit beta-5 [KO:K04539 ]
100172647 GNG2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-2 precursor [KO:K07826 ]
100453366 GNG3; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-3 [KO:K04540 ]
100190818 GNG4; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-4 precursor [KO:K04541 ]
100171710 GNG5; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-5 precursor [KO:K04542 ]
100453407 GNG7; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-7 [KO:K04543 ]
112130221 GNG8; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-8 [KO:K04544 ]
100433177 GNG10; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-10 [KO:K04545 ]
100439475 GNG11; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-11 isoform X2 [KO:K04546 ]
100173039 GNG12; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-12 precursor [KO:K04347 ]
112130240 GNG14; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: putative guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-14 [KO:K04347 ]
112129369 GNG13; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-13 [KO:K04547 ]
100439849 GNGT1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(T) subunit gamma-T1 isoform X3 [KO:K04548 ]
100452739 GNGT2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-T2 [KO:K04549 ]
100458686 GNAQ; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(q) subunit alpha [KO:K04634 ]
100460338 GNA11; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit alpha-11 [KO:K04635 ]
100458716 PLCB2; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-2 isoform X1 [KO:K05858 ] [EC:3.1.4.11 ]
100460060 PLCB3; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-3 isoform X1 [KO:K05858 ] [EC:3.1.4.11 ]
100434502 PLCB1; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-1 isoform X1 [KO:K05858 ] [EC:3.1.4.11 ]
100461961 PLCB4; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-4 isoform X1 [KO:K05858 ] [EC:3.1.4.11 ]
100445922 ITPR1; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04958 ]
100434318 ITPR2; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 2 isoform X1 [KO:K04959 ]
100451658 CALML4; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: calmodulin-like protein 4 [KO:K02183 ]
100174530 PPP3CA; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2B catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K04348 ] [EC:3.1.3.16 ]
100455542 PPP3CC; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2B catalytic subunit gamma isoform isoform X1 [KO:K04348 ] [EC:3.1.3.16 ]
100436675 PPP3CB; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2B catalytic subunit beta isoform isoform X9 [KO:K04348 ] [EC:3.1.3.16 ]
100436209 NFATC1; nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04446 ]
100450332 NFATC2; nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 2 isoform X1 [KO:K17332 ]
100458008 NFATC3; nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 3 isoform X3 [KO:K17333 ]
100461543 NFATC4; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 4 [KO:K17334 ]
100456074 GNAI3; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(k) subunit alpha [KO:K04630 ]
100172679 GNAI1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-1 [KO:K04630 ]
100458137 GNAI2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-2 isoform X1 [KO:K04630 ]
100454626 GNAO1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(o) subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04534 ]
100173387 GNA12; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit alpha-12 [KO:K04346 ]
100461065 GNA13; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit alpha-13 [KO:K04639 ]
100438951 ARHGEF1; rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor 1 isoform X1 [KO:K12330 ]
100450531 ARHGEF11; rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor 11 isoform X2 [KO:K12331 ]
100457621 ARHGEF12; rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor 12 isoform X1 [KO:K07532 ]
100447375 PTGER3; prostaglandin E2 receptor EP3 subtype isoform X5 [KO:K04260 ]
100442753 GNAS; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(s) subunit alpha isoforms XLas isoform X3 [KO:K04632 ]
100459702 IL6R; interleukin-6 receptor subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K05055 ]
100171541 STAT3; signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 [KO:K04692 ]
100448769 VEGFA; vascular endothelial growth factor A isoform X1 [KO:K05448 ]
100294619 CREB1; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 1 [KO:K05870 ]
100450554 ATF2; cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-2 isoform X1 [KO:K04450 ]
100462459 ATF4; cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-4 [KO:K04374 ]
100432292 CREB3L1; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K09048 ]
100436186 CREB3L4; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 4 isoform X1 [KO:K09048 ]
100438869 CREB3; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3 [KO:K09048 ]
100127093 CREB3L2; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 2 [KO:K09048 ]
100441756 CREB3L3; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K09048 ]
100439720 CREB5; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 5 isoform X1 [KO:K09047 ]
100172895 ATF6B; cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-6 beta [KO:K09049 ]
103889518 BCAR1; breast cancer anti-estrogen resistance protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K05726 ]
100442754 IL10RB; interleukin-10 receptor subunit beta isoform X1 [KO:K05135 ]
100173719 DKFZP469M1914; major histocompatibility complex, class I, C precursor [KO:K06751 ]
100432875 HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, alpha chain F isoform X1 [KO:K06751 ]
100456603 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: patr class I histocompatibility antigen, A-126 alpha chain-like [KO:K06751 ]
100440558 popy class I histocompatibility antigen, alpha chain E isoform X3 [KO:K06751 ]
100438533 patr class I histocompatibility antigen, B-2 alpha chain isoform X1 [KO:K06751 ]
100435866 popy Class I histocompatibility antigen, A-1 alpha chain [KO:K06751 ]
100450716 HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, alpha chain G isoform X1 [KO:K06751 ]
100452132 class I histocompatibility antigen, Gogo-B*0102 alpha chain isoform X1 [KO:K06751 ]
100435133 saoe class I histocompatibility antigen, A alpha chain-like [KO:K06751 ]
100449631 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: patr class I histocompatibility antigen, A-126 alpha chain-like [KO:K06751 ]
100461418 FASLG; tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 6 isoform X1 [KO:K04389 ]
Compound
C01245 D-myo-Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate
C05981 Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate
Reference
Authors
Michaelis M, Doerr HW, Cinatl J
Title
The story of human cytomegalovirus and cancer: increasing evidence and open questions.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Roy S, Arav-Boger R
Title
New cell-signaling pathways for controlling cytomegalovirus replication.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Cinatl J, Scholz M, Kotchetkov R, Vogel JU, Doerr HW
Title
Molecular mechanisms of the modulatory effects of HCMV infection in tumor cell biology.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Evers DL, Wang X, Huang ES
Title
Cellular stress and signal transduction responses to human cytomegalovirus infection.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Murray MJ, Peters NE, Reeves MB
Title
Navigating the Host Cell Response during Entry into Sites of Latent Cytomegalovirus Infection.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Campadelli-Fiume G, Collins-McMillen D, Gianni T, Yurochko AD
Title
Integrins as Herpesvirus Receptors and Mediators of the Host Signalosome.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Fu YZ, Su S, Gao YQ, Wang PP, Huang ZF, Hu MM, Luo WW, Li S, Luo MH, Wang YY, Shu HB
Title
Human Cytomegalovirus Tegument Protein UL82 Inhibits STING-Mediated Signaling to Evade Antiviral Immunity.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Hancock MH, Nelson JA
Title
Modulation of the NFkappab Signalling Pathway by Human Cytomegalovirus.
Journal
Virology (Hyderabad) 1:104 (2017)
Reference
Authors
Rahman MM, McFadden G
Title
Modulation of NF-kappaB signalling by microbial pathogens.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Zhang J, Feng H, Xu S, Feng P
Title
Hijacking GPCRs by viral pathogens and tumor.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Lee S, Chung YH, Lee C
Title
US28, a Virally-Encoded GPCR as an Antiviral Target for Human Cytomegalovirus Infection.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Langemeijer EV, Slinger E, de Munnik S, Schreiber A, Maussang D, Vischer H, Verkaar F, Leurs R, Siderius M, Smit MJ
Title
Constitutive beta-catenin signaling by the viral chemokine receptor US28.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Couty JP, Gershengorn MC
Title
G-protein-coupled receptors encoded by human herpesviruses.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Fiallos E, Judkins J, Matlaf L, Prichard M, Dittmer D, Cobbs C, Soroceanu L
Title
Human cytomegalovirus gene expression in long-term infected glioma stem cells.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Vischer HF, Siderius M, Leurs R, Smit MJ
Title
Herpesvirus-encoded GPCRs: neglected players in inflammatory and proliferative diseases?
Journal
Reference
Authors
Slinger E, Langemeijer E, Siderius M, Vischer HF, Smit MJ
Title
Herpesvirus-encoded GPCRs rewire cellular signaling.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Murphy PM
Title
Viral exploitation and subversion of the immune system through chemokine mimicry.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Vischer HF, Leurs R, Smit MJ
Title
HCMV-encoded G-protein-coupled receptors as constitutively active modulators of cellular signaling networks.
Journal
Reference
Authors
de Munnik SM, Smit MJ, Leurs R, Vischer HF
Title
Modulation of cellular signaling by herpesvirus-encoded G protein-coupled receptors.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Michelson S
Title
Consequences of human cytomegalovirus mimicry.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Tu CC, Arnolds KL, O'Connor CM, Spencer JV
Title
Human Cytomegalovirus UL111A and US27 Gene Products Enhance the CXCL12/CXCR4 Signaling Axis via Distinct Mechanisms.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Busillo JM, Benovic JL
Title
Regulation of CXCR4 signaling.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Noriega V, Redmann V, Gardner T, Tortorella D
Title
Diverse immune evasion strategies by human cytomegalovirus.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Loureiro J, Ploegh HL
Title
Antigen presentation and the ubiquitin-proteasome system in host-pathogen interactions.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Fortunato EA, McElroy AK, Sanchez I, Spector DH
Title
Exploitation of cellular signaling and regulatory pathways by human cytomegalovirus.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Cinatl J Jr, Scholz M, Doerr HW
Title
Role of tumor cell immune escape mechanisms in cytomegalovirus-mediated oncomodulation.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Cinatl J Jr, Vogel JU, Kotchetkov R, Wilhelm Doerr H
Title
Oncomodulatory signals by regulatory proteins encoded by human cytomegalovirus: a novel role for viral infection in tumor progression.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Castillo JP, Kowalik TF
Title
Human cytomegalovirus immediate early proteins and cell growth control.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Kalejta RF
Title
Human cytomegalovirus pp71: a new viral tool to probe the mechanisms of cell cycle progression and oncogenesis controlled by the retinoblastoma family of tumor suppressors.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Brune W
Title
Inhibition of programmed cell death by cytomegaloviruses.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Brune W, Andoniou CE
Title
Die Another Day: Inhibition of Cell Death Pathways by Cytomegalovirus.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Yamin R, Lecker LSM, Weisblum Y, Vitenshtein A, Le-Trilling VTK, Wolf DG, Mandelboim O
Title
HCMV vCXCL1 Binds Several Chemokine Receptors and Preferentially Attracts Neutrophils over NK Cells by Interacting with CXCR2.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Wang X, Sanchez J, Stone MJ, Payne RJ
Title
Sulfation of the Human Cytomegalovirus Protein UL22A Enhances Binding to the Chemokine RANTES.
Journal
Related pathway
pon04612 Antigen processing and presentation
pon04810 Regulation of actin cytoskeleton
KO pathway
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